「家事の役割分担」は結婚生活に大影響:研究結果

ゴミを出す、皿を洗う、洗濯をする。こうした毎日のありふれた雑用が、夫婦がうまくいくか別れるかといった大問題に発展するとは思えないかもしれない。しかし、夫婦の家事分担の仕方が、結婚生活の満足度に大きな影響を与えているという研究結果が発表された。

ゴミを出す、皿を洗う、洗濯をする。こうした毎日のありふれた雑用が、夫婦がうまくいくか別れるかといった大問題に発展するとは思えないかもしれない。しかし、夫婦の家事分担の仕方が、結婚生活の満足度に大きな影響を与えているという研究結果が発表された。

性役割に関する学術専門誌『Sex Roles』に2014年4月付けで掲載された研究では、結婚後2年以内の夫婦220組について調査が行われた。

「認知レベルでの平等性」(夫婦がそれぞれ、家事の役割分担についてどのように認識しているか)と、「行動レベルでの平等性」(夫婦が「実際に」どのように家事を分担しているか)の2つのテーマについてのアンケートがオンラインで行われた。被験者たちは、回答の際にパートナーと相談しないよう指示された。

調査結果を分析したところ、家事分担の仕方が夫婦均等でない場合、結婚生活の満足度に悪影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。特にその傾向が顕著だったのは、女性のほうが、役割がもっと平等でなければならないと感じている場合だ。

「結婚生活の満足度に関するこれまでの研究では、夫婦の一方についてだけ調査されるのが普通だったため、今回の結果は興味深い。家事の役割の問題について夫婦の考え方に食い違いがあると、どんなことが起きるかをかいま見ることができる」と、同研究の主著者であるブライアン・G・オゴルスキー氏はプレスリリースで述べている。「家事は平等に分担されるべきだと女性が考えているのに、実際には従来の家事分担の仕方が採用された場合、結婚生活の満足度はどうなるだろう? 結婚生活の満足度が最も高いグループは、夫婦の家事分担に対する考え方が似通っていて、その考え方どおりの生活を送っている」

「男性にとっては、家事分担の問題は、結婚生活の満足度に直接的な相関関係はない」と、オゴルスキー氏は指摘する。「男性は概して、家事分担について意見の相違があることを認識していないか、あるいは、『家事は女性が行うもの』という考え方を受け入れている」。

夫婦の家事の役割分担についてお互いがどう考え、期待しているかについては、結婚生活の幸福感に大きく影響するため、この問題は早いうちに夫婦で話し合っておくべきだ、とオゴルスキー氏は提案している。

「新しく結婚した夫婦は、家事分担についての互いの期待はどういうもので、それがどうしたら現実生活で実現できるのか、よく話し合う必要がある。家事の役割分担について、男女平等の考え方を重視する配偶者がいる場合は特にそうだ」と、オゴルスキー氏は助言している。さらにこの問題は、子どもが誕生すると一層重要さを増していくという。

[Taryn Hillin(English) 日本語版:丸山佳伸、合原弘子/ガリレオ]

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