自動車が存在しない世界の町10選

あなたは、自動車が存在しない世界を想像できるだろうか?
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あなたは、自動車が存在しない世界を想像できるだろうか?

自動車はたしかに便利だが、汚染や騒音を生み出したり、渋滞や駐車場、ガソリン代など、面倒なことも多い。以下、自動車が禁止されている世界各地の町を10カ所ご紹介したい。クルマに嫌気がさしたら出かけてみよう。

1.ミシガン州のマキノー島

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五大湖の1つヒューロン湖に浮かぶマキノー島で、エンジン付きの乗り物がすべて禁止されたのは1898年のことだ。現在では、夏になると家族連れやアウトドア好き、歴史に興味を持つ人たちでにぎわう観光地となった。徒歩以外の移動手段は自転車か馬車だけで、古き良き時代のアメリカの雰囲気が保たれている。

島の定住者は500人強だが、毎年夏のピーク時には1日に約1万5000人もの人々が訪れる。島の大部分である82%がマキノー島州立公園に指定されている。

2.ノルマンディ沖にあるサーク島

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フランスのノルマンディ沖にあるサーク島は、英国領チャンネル諸島のひとつだ。島内で許可されているエンジン付きの乗り物はトラクターのみ。移動は徒歩か、馬車や自転車を利用するしかない。

サーク島では、バスや消防車、救急車も、トラクターがけん引する。舗装道路も、観光名所である断崖絶壁の道1本以外は存在しない。人口は約600人。独自の法律や自治権があり、2008年までの長い間、領主が統治する封建制であり、地主階級が議員を務めていた。2008年12月に初の選挙が行われ、民主制に移行した。

3.イタリアのヴェネツィア

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ヴェネツィアのくねくねとした狭い小道を自動車が走っていたら、すべてが台無しになってしまうだろう。有名な運河ではぜひゴンドラに乗ろう。住民も観光客も、ヴェネツィア市内の移動や、ムラノ島やリド島など周辺の島々との行き来にはヴァポレット(水上バス)を利用する。

4.モロッコのフェズ旧市街

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世界遺産にも登録されているフェズのメディナ(フェズ旧市街)は、迷路のように入り組んだ古い街並みを持つ。車がいないので、とても不思議な雰囲気だ。

フェズはアフリカ北西端、モロッコ王国北部の内陸都市。旧来からの輸送手段であるロバが人の運搬や荷物運びのためにレンタルできるよう制度化されており、ナンバープレートを付けたロバたちがいる。

5.アルゼンチンのラ・クンブレシータ

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ラ・クンブレシータは、アルゼンチンのカラムチッタ・バレー地方にある、絵画のように美しい小さな町だ。山あいにあるこの村では、移動の手段が徒歩しか許されていないため、おとぎ話のような雰囲気が漂う。

エコツーリズムが盛んで、観光客は森をハイキングしたり、滝を眺めたり、星空の下でのキャンプを楽しんだりする。

6.ギリシャのイドラ島

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絵に描いたような美しいエーゲ海に浮かぶイドラ島は、まさに天国だ。車輪のついた乗り物は一切禁止されており、自動車もバイクもいない。石畳の道は完全に歩行者とロバのものだ。

サロニカ諸島に属すイドラ島は、保存状態の良い古い建物や、目の覚めるような青い海、人目につかない入り江や、ハイキングにぴったりの風光明媚な海岸でも有名である。

7.ノースカロライナ州のボールドヘッド・アイランド

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ボールドヘッド・アイランドに行く時は、悩みも車も一切置いていこう。ビーチや海辺のゴルフコース、居心地のいいコテッジがたくさんあるこの島での移動手段は、ゴルフカートと自転車と徒歩だけだ。

8.オランダのヒートホールン

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ヒートホールンは住人2500人の小さな村で、「オランダのヴェネチア」という異名がある。アムステルダムの北東およそ88キロメートルにあるこの村では、運河の上に180もの橋がアーチを描き、さながら絵画のワンシーンだ。車の乗り入れは禁止されており、運河の移動は船、町の散策は徒歩による。

9.ニューヨーク州のファイアー・アイランド

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ファイアー・アイランドは、ロング・アイランド南の沖に浮かぶ島だ。ビーチや入り江、公園やレトロな趣の町があり、暖かい時期には観光客が押し寄せる。地元の人も観光客も、移動は自転車か徒歩で、のんびりとした魅力的な雰囲気を楽しむのだ。

10.スイスのツェルマット

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ツェルマットは、スイス最高峰のひとつである有名なマッターホルンのふもとにある街だ。電気自動車以外は乗り入れが禁止されているため、空気汚染がない。おかげで、町からはクリアなマッターホルンを眺められるのだ。

ツェルマットの人口は約5700人。地域経済のほとんどは観光業に依存しており、町の職業の約半数は、ホテルまたはレストラン関連。

[(English) 日本語版:遠藤康子/ガリレオ]

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