トランスジェンダーを公表した男性が、アメリカで初めて裁判官になるかもしれない

「Googleの時代である現代は、トランスジェンダーであることを話さないのは難しい」
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Mark Makela via Getty Images
PHILADELPHIA, PA - FEBRUARY 25: Henry McGregor Sias (L) attends a rally against the transgender bathroom rights repeal at Thomas Paine Plaza February 25, 2017 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rallies are also being held across the country in support of the Affordable Health Care Act. (Photo by Mark Makela/Getty Images)

アメリカ・ペンシルベニア州のヘンリー・サイアス氏(40)が法律を学んだのは、「毎年、歯医者に通える」ような実務経験が伴うキャリアが必要だったからだ。弁護士で「社会的公正のためのフィラデルフィアの弁護士たち」共同創立者のサイアス氏は、オープンリー・トランス(トランスジェンダーを公表した)の男性としてアメリカで初の裁判官になる可能性がある。アメリカではオープンリー・トランスの女性裁判官が2人がいるが、「初のトランスジェンダー男性裁判官が裁判官席に着けば、歴史的偉業だ」と、セクシュアル・マイノリティやHIV感染者たちの市民権活動を支援する法律専門家グループ「ラムダ・リーガル」の公正裁判プロジェクトディレクター、エリック・レシュ氏はハフポストUS版に語った。

サイアス氏はフィラデルフィアの地方裁判所にあたる一般訴訟裁判所の裁判官になるためには、5月16日の民主党予備選で指名を獲得しなければならない。今回のサイアス氏の動きは、公の場でのトランスジェンダーたちの権利が各州で議題に上り、トランプ政権がトランスジェンダーの学生を擁護する政策を後退させているの時期に起きている。「ペンシルベニア、そして国を反映する司法制度が達成できれば、画期的な前進となるでしょう」と、レシュ氏は強調した。

ハフポストUS版は、住んでいたミシガン州からフィラデルフィアで公職に立候補するまで、サイアス氏がこれまで歩んできた道のりについて聞いた。ミシガンでのサイアス氏は、家族が自宅を失った後、6年間で5つの異なる小学校に通っていた。

――フィラデルフィアの住民は、あなたが裁判官になるために投票すべきなのしょうか?

サイアス 私には司法の場で長年働いた経験があります。連邦第1巡回区のことは、内側から理解しています。私はフィラデルフィアでも優秀な裁判官たちから学んでいます。私はその経験を、直接裁判官席へ持ち込みます。また、フィラデルフィアの人たちは、トランスジェンダーがフィラデルフィア住民になるにふさわしく、またトランスジェンダーの代表者がフィラデルフィア議会にいるというメッセージを伝えることができるし、伝えるべきであると思います。裁判所で、そしてこの十年で最も成功している法的な非営利団体の一つで得た経験から、私は裁判所を改善し、市民が真実を語り、その真実で我々の共同体をより良い方へ変えられるよう、安全で民主的な空間の維持のために働きつづける人物であることがわかります。

――今回の選挙報道の大部分は、あなたのジェンダーアイデンティティーに注目しています。それについて、どう思われましたか?

サイアス 立候補すると、2週間、街の各地を回って人々に自分の請願書に署名してもらいます。自分の指名獲得のためです。歩道で他人に歩み寄られるのを好む人はいません。私はすでに居心地の悪い立場から始まるのです。そして「こんにちは、私はトランスジェンダーで裁判官になろうとしています」と言います。それ以上、居心地の悪いことはありません。請願期間中、フィラデルフィアの人たちは、実に素晴らしかったです。私にとてもよくしてくれました。男性数人に「君がトランスだってことが関係あるのか?」と聞かれました。何というか「なぜ、そんなことが話題になるんだ?」というように。そして、それについて私は2つのことを話しました。まず、Googleの時代である現代は、トランスジェンダーであることを話さないのは難しい。それが公になる責任を自分でとるか、他人にさせるか、そのいずれしかありません。ですので、私の視点から言えば、いずれ話題になるのはわかっていますから、自分でいくらか責任をとる方が良いのです。

しかし、誰もが政府内で代表者を必要とします。そして、ほかの裁判官にとっても、担当している法廷でジェンダークイアーな人を相手にしている場合、参照できる同僚がいることで役に立てると思います。その(法廷の)空間でジェンダークイアーな人への尊重を維持するにはどうするのが適切なのか、裁判官たちは必ずしも知らないかもしれません。私に相談してくれれば、私がその情報を提供できます。これは政府にいろいろな人の関わりが必要だという、ほんの一例です。

現時点では、トランスジェンダーの人たちは、雇用面で多くの差別を経験しています。だから、フィラデルフィアがオープンリートランスの私を選出するのは、とても意味があることだと思います。なぜなら、フィラデルフィアの街、フィラデルフィアの人々が、トランスジェンダーの人たちは街の一員であり、コミュニティの一員であることを理解しているというメッセージを送ることになるからです。

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RACHEL WISNIEWSKI

――司法の中で働くトランスジェンダーやクイアーの人が増えると、例えばノースカロライナ州の「ハウスビル2」(トランスジェンダーに「出生証明書と同一の性別」のトイレを使うよう求める州法)のように、さまざまな法律に影響する可能性についてはどう思いますか? ノースカロライナ州での根本的な感情は、トランスジェンダーの人たちを公職から外そうというものですが。

サイアス 特定のグループに属する人たちを公職から組織的に除外するのは、公職にいる女性たちに攻撃的な野次を浴びせて居心地悪くさせる、組織的な嫌がらせと同じことです。男性がいなければ、公人として活動できないと女性たちに思わせているのです。私たちは、開放された、民主的な場所にいるはずなのに、自宅の外に出たときに恐怖を感じる人々がいるのなら、そこは開放的でも民主的でもありません。ですから、そうした閉鎖的なカルチャーに抵抗できるよう、すべての手段をとる必要があるのです。

そのため、私は私なりに参加して、「トランスジェンダーは基本的に嘘つきだ、人を騙している」といった偏見に抵抗することに情熱を賭けています。そういった偏見はいたるところで複雑な事態を招きますが、司法制度の中では、トランスジェンダーが参加することで、真実を語っているのかどうか、自分自身の経験を語るのに信頼のおける語り手なのかという点が重要なのです。トランスジェンダーの人たちは基本的にニセモノだ、そしてトランスジェンダーのアイデンティティや言動から信頼のできる語り手ではない、とする考えに異論を唱えることが重要です。だから、政府機関の司法の場にトランスジェンダーが関わるのは、組織的な差別への抵抗に役立つと考えます。

――あなたが当選した場合、トランスジェンダーに対する認知度が高まることについて考えたことはありますか? 裁判官としてのあなたを見た全国のトランスの若者たちは「すごい、そんな選択肢が私にもあるんだ!」と言えるでしょう。

サイアス 本当に重要なのは、知名度のあるトランスジェンダーの人がいて、トランスジェンダーの若者に対し、「君たちには素晴らしい未来がある」と示せることです。私たちが愛され、自分たちの共同体に貢献でき、その貢献が目の当たりにされ、受け入れられることです。

トランスジェンダーの若者たちの未来に、制約があってはなりません。かつては、「私は同性愛嫌悪やトランスジェンダー嫌悪ではない」と考えていた親たちでさえ、わが子がカミングアウトすると、ある種の「喪に服す期間」を過ごしていたのです。「わが子は愛されることがなくなる。うちの子は生涯、面倒を見てくれる相手もいないし、翼を広げて素晴らしいキャリアを進む機会がなくなってしまう。そんなことは一切教わっていないのに」と嘆いていました。しかし、それはもう、真実とは言えません。そういった考えは正しくないのだとできるだけ多くの人々に分かってもらえたら、状況はきっと良くなるのです。

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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トランスジェンダーのヒーローたち
Munroe Bergdorf(01 of09)
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Munroe Bergdorf is a London DJ, designer, model and activist.\n
\nShe has spoken out about the difficulties and abuse she has faced as a transgender woman, shedding light on the issues facing the trans community, as well as bravely discussing her own experience as a victim of attempted rape.\n
\nBergdorf has encouraged transgender people not to be afraid of their identity, speaking out for Pride London’s #FreedomTo campaign earlier this year.\n
\nAfter experiencing bullying as a teenager, Bergdorf said she had a lightbulb moment when she realised she had to “start being true to herself”.\n
\nShe has since described the decision to begin her transition as the “best decision I’ve ever made”.\n
\nShe told the Daily Mail: “I’m so much happier now than I was growing up.\n
\n“I want people to know that it\'s okay to be different, and that you shouldn\'t be scared of being the person you are.\n
\n“I talk quite openly now about what\'s I\'ve been through and frequently speak publicly about trans rights and community issues.\n
\n“I think it\'s important that the world understands and respects transgender people, the struggles that they face and the rights that they deserve.”
Paris Lees(02 of09)
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Paris Lees is a journalist, presenter and transgender rights campaigner who has challenged how the media talk about transgender issues.
\n
\nShe founded the first British magazine aimed at the trans community, META, as well as working for a number of other publications. Lees has also made appearances on Question Time and Newsnight, as well as speaking at the Oxford Union.\n
\nShe currently works with Trans Media Watch to help Channel 4 remove transphobic material from its content.\n
\nShe has also spoken out over a number of incidents deemed transphobic, including media coverage of transgender teacher Lucy Meadows and a column by Julie Burchill in which she described trans people as \"a bunch of bed-wetters in bad wigs\".\n
\nShe was awarded the Positive Role Model Award for LGBT in the 2012 National Diversity Awards, Ultimate Campaigner at the Cosmopolitan Women of the Year Awards, and also topped the Independent on Sunday’s Pink List in 2013.\n
\nAfter a tough start in life, which culminated in a spell in prison, Lees spoke of the change in media coverage of transgender people.\n
\nSpeaking when she was named Young Campaigning Journalist of the Year award at the MHPC 30 To Watch awards earlier this year, Lees said: “\"When I first transitioned I was depressed and isolated. I looked to the media for inspiration and all I saw were people like me being ridiculed.\n
\n\"Five years on and things are looking very different.\"
(credit:Dan Dennison via Getty Images)
Dr Jay Stewart(03 of09)
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Dr Jay Stewart was honoured for his services to the trans community with an OBE in 2014.\n
\nHe is a co-founder of Gendered Intelligence, a not-for-profit group which aims to increase understandings of gender diversity through creative ways, working with the trans community and those who have an impact on the lives of trans people. The group particularly specialises in supporting young trans people aged 11-25.\n
\nStewart led ‘What makes your gender? Hacking into the Science Museum’ – a £10,000 project funded by Heritage Lottery Fund with London’s Science Museum - as well as a number of other projects.\n
\nAs well as chairing Gendered Intelligence’ board of directors, Stewart also acts as a mentor and youth group session leader.\n
\nGendered Intelligence also provides age-appropriate workshops and assembles for primary school children to help them explore gender roles. When the initiative was criticised by a select few, Stewart spoke out on the importance of such education.\n
\nIn a statement on Gendered Intelligence\'s blog, he said: “It’s so important to teach children in schools that they can be anything that they want to be, regardless of the gender that they have been given at birth. They can be engineers, nurses and politicians; they can be caring and kind, strong and forthright; they can wear what they like and look how they like. It’s okay for all children to be girlish, boyish or anything in-between.\n
\n“Our work at Gendered Intelligence includes going into primary school settings. It’s important because gender stereotyping and reinforcing gender norms start from a young age.\n
\n“If we are going to tackle the prejudice in society towards those who express their gender differently from what is considered the norm, we need to introduce teaching early on in a person’s education.\n
\nHe added: “Trans people – like all people – have a right to an education in a safe environment. The only way to make school safe for trans pupils, and safe for everyone to express their gender, is to start talking about gender variance at the earliest possible opportunity.”
Sabah Choudrey(04 of09)
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Sabah Choudrey helped found Trans Pride Britain, the first trans march in the UK.\n
\nThey also founded the QTIPOC Brighton Network for queer, trans and intersex people of colour, and desiQ for queer South Asian people in the London/South East area.\n
\nChoudrey works for Allsorts Youth Project in Brighton as an LGBT/Trans/POC Youth Support Worker challenging racism in LGBT scenes, providing advocacy services and ‘Unlearning Racism’ training in LGBT spaces.\n
\nThey also work with Gendered Intelligence, providing support and mentoring for young trans people of colour. \n
\nChoudrey speaks out about their experience of being trans and Muslim, as well as speaking at events such as TEDx talks.\n
\nIn a blog on HuffPost UK, Choudrey explained: “It has always been apparent to me that queerness is not something visible in non-white cultures. This was the history I was told. But this was the history rewritten by those that colonised the land of my mother and father, who criminalised queer in our land, and from then on, queer became synonymous with sin.\n
\n“It is no surprise to me that it has taken me three more years to speak publicly about being Muslim and trans. \n
\n“We\'re in a culture that teaches queer people that we don\'t deserve to be religious. We are taught to put faith only in ourselves because self love is the only love we will feel. Queer people don\'t deserve faith or hope, because why pray when you\'re already queer? \n
\nChoudrey continued: “What society teaches us about religion is that it\'s a weakness, and I felt for years that it was being an Atheist that kept me strong. It wasn\'t until I was in a relationship with an Atheist and I finally talked about my Muslim background did I feel like Atheism had taken something from me I never wanted to let go of.\n
\n“Accepting that I am Muslim again has been the hardest part of my journey. Accepting Islam back into my life has been the most challenging part of my identity. It does not feel easy yet. But it does feel true.”
(credit:Helen Thomas)
Rebecca Root(05 of09)
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Rebecca Root is an actress who appeared in the lead role in BBC romcom ‘Boy Meets Girl’, and has also appeared in a range of programmes including Hollyoaks, Casualty and Midsomer Murders. She will also be appearing in the upcoming film ‘The Danish Girl’ alongside Eddie Redmayne.\n
\nHowever the actress is also a qualified voice coach - the only trans person to work as a voice and speech specialist in the UK today.\n
\nShe runs transgender voice adaptation sessions to help people to find a voice that they feel fits their gender. Her thesis, ‘There and Back Again: Adventures in Genderland’ has also attracted international attention and Root resented it at Harvard University.\n
\nSpeaking about the benefit of speech therapy for people who are transitioning, Root told the Telegraph: “The voice is more evident than what\'s between your legs, or on your chest.\n
\n\"I know some girls [people who have transitioned to female] who just don\'t care, who really don\'t mind sounding like what\'s considered a typical bloke.\n
\n\"But some say they simply won\'t talk because they haven\'t got what they think is the \'right\' voice. \n
\n\"They won\'t make phone calls, and when they have to go to the shops they don\'t answer questions, they just mumble something. They\'re afraid of opening their mouths and that\'s such a shame.\"\n
\nRoot is also a mentor for young transgender people through Gendered Intelligence.
(credit:David Livingston via Getty Images)
Fox Fisher(06 of09)
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Fox Fisher starred in Channel 4’s documentary ‘My Transsexual Summer’ in 2011, which revealed the journey of a number of transgender people as they undertook a range of gender affirmation procedures.\n
\nHe went on to become the co-founder of My Genderation, an ongoing documentary project exploring gender variance.\n
\nFisher told the BBC: “Not only are we also trans* [written with an asterisk to denote a catch-all term for those defining across the gender spectrum] people, we have our own experience on the other side of the camera, as documentary subjects, on My Transsexual Summer, Channel 4, 2011.\n
\n“These factors give us a very unique perspective and we are in a trusted position within a growing community.\n
\n“We work alongside many UK and global gender support groups which share our vision of changing public perceptions already clouded by existing media fabrications and negative reporting of trans* people. Although things really are changing, there is a long way to go.\n
\n“We make films independently, to humanise the process of transition, to allow the audience to empathise with trans* issues. We provide a platform to consider gender and all its constructs. We aim to provide engaging films on various aspects of being trans* and coming to terms with gender variance.\"\n
\nHe is also an ambassador for All About Trans - a project that \"looks at creative ways to encourage greater understanding between trans people and media professionals to support better, more sensitive representation in the UK media.\"\n
\nFisher continues to speak out about the issues facing trans people in the UK.\n
\nHe also helped to found Trans Pride Brighton and has co-written a children’s book, entitled ‘Are You A Boy Or Are You A Girl?’.
(credit:thefoxfisher/instagram)
Captain Hannah Winterbourne(07 of09)
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Hannah Winterbourne (R) is the most senior transgender officer in the British Army.\n
\nAfter a successful nine year career in the Armed Forces, which saw her graduate from Sandhurst and join the Royal and Mechanical Engineers, Winterbourne was in the middle of a tour of Afghanistan in 2012 when she decided she wanted to begin her transition.\n
\nDespite the potential difficulties of such a masculine environment, she said that the army was “very, very supportive”.\n
\nShe told Wales Online: “ It is a great place for transgender personnel. They don’t care if you are LGBT, black or white, as long as you can do your job.”\n
\nWinterbourne is now the Army’s transgender representative, which involves dealing with education and welfare, as well as helping with issues any trans soldiers may have.\n
\nShe is also a patron of Mermaid, a support group for children and teenagers with gender identity issues, as well as an ambassador for LGBT Sport Cymru.\n
\nShe told Wales Online: “A lot of inroads are being made with LGBT people breaking out into the mainstream.\n
\n“I would say to someone reading this, ‘you are who you are and no amount of worrying or angst is going to change that so understand that who you are is absolutely fine.\n
\n“Try to find someone you can confide in.\n
\n“I want to show people what it looks like to be trans and happy.”
(credit:Dave J Hogan via Getty Images)
Alex Bertie(08 of09)
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Alex Bertie is a trans YouTuber who has documented his experience of his transition since he was a teenager.\n
\nAlthough just 20, Bertie has developed a strong following online with more than 150,000 subscribers and over nine million views on his channel TheRealAlexBertie.\n
\nIn his videos, Bertie describes various aspects of life as a transgender man, including medical appointments, relationships and coming out.\n
\nHe also provides helpful practical guides on his channel on topics such as buying chest binders, hair styling and coming out.\n
\nAs well as providing advice and support to young trans people, Bertie also gives tips to people who may have trans friends, family or colleagues, including how not to offend people and appropriate words to use.\n
\nHe told Ten Eighty magazine: “I’ve actually had a lot of parents talking to me. Like, parents have inboxed me on Facebook, which is so weird. They’re, like, older than my mum, and they’re open to talking about it, which is just amazing. They’re willing to reach out to young people, which I think is really, really cool.\n
\n“Some people come to me with queries. They think their child might be going through what I’m going through, and they want to help them with that as much as possible. Other times, they’ve been directed by their kids to come and talk to me, or to watch my videos.”\n
\nHe added: “I think I do get a lot of positivity. More than I thought I’d get. Now and then, I do get the odd bit of confusion, or some hate, but that’s easily nipped in the bud just by information, just by education.\"
Roberta Francis(09 of09)
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Roberta Francis, an underground queer poet, helped to set up London TAGS (Trans And Gender Non-Conforming Swimming) to give trans and non-binary identified people safe and positive space to enjoy swimming.\n
\nAfter getting fed up with being misgendered by local leisure providers, Francis took the initiative and set up TAGS, working with Gendered Intelligence and in partnership with Lewisham Council.\n
\nThe sessions involve the private hire of a pool with both gender specific and gender neutral changing rooms available. Pool staff are also given training to ensure that gender issues are treated sensitively.\n
\nFrancis told Pink News: “I felt there was a big need for a swimming group in London to allow trans and gender non conforming people the opportunity to have access to a safe space.\n
\n“Being able to swim is a basic right but for many trans people it can be really difficult because of how we are treated in the community as a whole.”\n
\nShe told xoJane that she knew that she was doing the right thing after the first session,\n
\nShe said: “The first night was wonderful. We got fantastic feedback from everyone who attended. The Fusion staff, reception, and lifeguards were helpful and friendly, which made everyone feel comfortable.”\n
\nFrancis is also determined to tackle discrimination in the classroom through her work as a supply teacher and has spoken out about the difficulties she has faced as a transgender person working in education.
(credit:Roberta Francis)

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