アメリカの大企業には女性幹部がほとんどいない(調査結果)

2人の女性が大統領選への出馬を表明しているアメリカは、女性の社会進出も進んでいるように思えるかもしれない。しかし、アメリカの大手企業の幹部層では、女性はまだ少ないのが現状だ。
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ヒラリー・クリントン元国務長官(民主党)、共和党のカーリー・フィオリーナ元ヒューレット・パッカードCEO(共和党)の2人の女性が大統領選への出馬を表明しているアメリカでは、女性の社会進出も進んでいるように思えるかもしれない。しかし、大企業の幹部層では、女性はまだ少ないのが現状だ。

企業の総収入に基づいてトップ500社をランク付けした「フォーチュン500」に入る企業で、CEOの女性はわずか23人だ。これは全体の5%にも届かない。

また、役員に占める女性の割合も低い。女性のキャリア推進に取り組むNPO「カタリスト」によれば、アメリカの証券取引所に上場している代表的な500社「S&P500」に入る企業の役員のうち、女性の割合は20%にも満たないという。

ハフポストUS版も、ナスダックに上場している非金融業のうち時価総額が上位100社に入る「ナスダック100指数」の女性役員の数を調べた。その結果、ナスダック100指数に入る企業のうち、37社では役員に女性が1人しか含まれていなかった。

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左のグラフは女性の役員の数をまとめたもので、右のグラフは男性の役員の数をまとめたものだ。女性の役員の数がゼロという会社は8社あったが、男性の役員が0〜4人の企業は1社もなかった。また、役員の平均人数は10.2人で、男性が8.5人、女性が1.7人だった。

ハイテク企業でも、女性の役員が1人だけか、もしくは1人もいないケースが多かった。女性の地位向上に積極的に取り組むシェリル・サンドバーグ氏がCOOを務めるFacebookでさえ、8人の役員のうち、女性は2人だけだ。

役員だけではなく、経営者レベルでも、女性の数が少ないことは別の調査から分かっている。3月に「CNNマネー」に掲載された分析によれば、S&P500企業の中で、経営に携わる職種の上位5つで女性が占める割合は14%にすぎなかった。

上の図は、S&P500企業の女性の割合を職務上の階級別にまとめたものだが、出世の階段を上るにつれ、女性の数が減っていくことが分かる。一番下の「一般従業員レベル」では女性が45%を占めるが、「初級中級レベルの幹部」になると36.8%、「シニアレベルの幹部」だと25.1%、「取締役レベル」だと19.2%、「CEO」だと4.6%だ。

今回の調査でハフポストUS版が取材した研究者や活動家、企業で働く人たちはいずれも「取締役会には多様性が必要だ」と話している。

その一人、コンサルティング会社メディアリンクの社長で、ベリフォンの取締役も務めるウェンダ・ミラード氏は「顧客の視点や感覚を理解する必要がある企業なら、たとえ一人でも女性の取締役を採用することは、とても大切なことです」と話した。

一方で、ゆっくりではあるが女性役員の数を増やす取り組みも進んでいる。たとえば、ヨーロッパのいくつかの国では取締役会に女性を一定数割当てるように求める「クオータ制」を導入している、とニューヨーク・タイムズは伝えている。

ドイツでは2016年から「監査役会(株主代表と労働者代表から構成され、取締役の任免など大きな権限をもつ組織)」の女性の比率を30%以上にすることが義務づけられる。また、ノルウェー、イタリア、フランス、スペインでも女性役員の割合を40%にするよう求められている。

また、カタリストのブランデ・ステリングス氏ブルームバーグで話している方法も参考になるだろう。ステリングス氏は「それぞれの企業が社内目標を設定する方法や、企業が取締役会の多様性を数値化、自己申告するよう求めるという方法もある」と語っている。

そして次のように述べている。「企業は重要なビジネス目標に対して目標値を設定します。取締役会についても、同じ方法で取り組んでもいいのではないでしょうか?」

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

[日本語版:梅田智世/ガリレオ]

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