小野正嗣さん「移民や難民と一緒に『新しい美しさ』を作り出していくべきだ」 芥川賞作家が語る

難民・移民問題が世界的な課題となるなか、難民問題についても意見を発信している芥川賞作家の小野正嗣さんにハフポスト日本版が聞いた。
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LIFE.14

難民・移民問題が世界的な課題となるなか、日本はどういった姿勢で向かっていったらいいのか。芥川賞作家で難民問題についても意見を発信している立教大学教授の小野正嗣さん(45)が6月、ハフポスト日本版のインタビューに「移民や難民と一緒に『新しい美しさ』を作り出していくべきだ」と語った。

小野さんはまた、文学で「難民」を伝えることについて「想像を超える体験を広く共有してもらうために、文学が重要」と強調した。

小野正嗣(おの・まさつぐ) 1970年大分県生まれ。東京大学大学院を経て、パリ第8大学で文学博士。2001年に「水に埋もれる墓」で朝日新人文学賞、02年に「にぎやかな湾に背負われた船」で三島由紀夫賞、15年1月に「九年前の祈り」で芥川賞。

■留学中にスーダン難民と同居、難民の境遇が身近に

――小野さんは様々なところで移民や難民問題について発信されています。関心を持ったきっかけはフランス留学ですね。

そうです。フランス留学中に5年近く、オルレアンに住んでいるクロード・ムシャールさんという詩人の家に居候同然で生活させてもらいました。批評家で当時はパリ第8大学の教授でもあり、奥様のエレーヌさんとずっと難民を支援していて、カンボジアやイランなどからの難民を自宅に受け入れてきました。

僕がいたころに、クロードとエレーヌは、スーダンのダルフール地方から来て路上生活していたカレイドさんと出会い、彼の難民申請の手伝いをします。ところが、難民だと証明するものが何もない、話に信憑性がないと判断され、申請は却下されてしまいます。でも、そんな証明できるようなものがあるはずがない。彼は着の身着のままでダルフールから逃れてきたんです。パスポートなど作ったこともない。言われるがまま船に乗せられて、着いたのがフランスだった、それだけです。

難民申請を却下され、「スーダン大使館に行け」と言われて大使館に行くと、今度はそこで「お前はスーダン国民じゃない」と言われて追い返される。クロードとエレーヌはカレイドを家に住まわせ、彼のためにずいぶんと骨を折りましたが、その後もずっと難民認定されない状態が続きました。本当に気の毒でした。僕はその様子をそばで見ていましたので、自然とそういう難民の境遇が身近に感じられるようになりました。

僕が帰国した後の話ですが、クロードたちはカレイドを通じてスーダン人コミュニティと親しくなり、いまではクロードの家にスーダンの人たちが集まるようになりました。日本に戻ってクロードとスカイプをしていると、後ろにカレイドが現れて、「やあ元気?」というようなやり取りをしていたころ、うちの妻がシリアから来た女性と出会いました。

――偶然だったんですか?

ええ。そのうちその女性の妊娠が分かった。でも全然日本語ができないので、妻が病院の手続きや役所関係の手続きなどを手伝いました。無事に男の子が生まれたんですけど、シリアが内戦状態になってしまい、このままだと心配だからと日本で難民申請したんですが、駄目でした。ただ、シリア人のご主人は研究者だったので、ドイツでの学会に行く際、奥さんと息子さんを連れていき、難民申請をしたらすぐに認定されました。その後、2人目のお子さんも生まれ、今はライプツィヒの近くに家族4人で暮らしています。

――移民、難民について、小野さんはそれ自体を書くわけではないとおっしゃっていますが、どういうことを伝えたいのでしょうか。

難民は弱い立場にあり、与えられる立場になりがちです。でも、そういう弱い立場にあっても与えられた分を返したいと思う、それが人間の普遍的なあり方なんだと、カレイドを見ていて感じました。

ただ与えられるだけでは、人間としての尊厳が傷つけられてしまう。カレイドはクロードやエレーヌのために何かしたいと思って、実際にずっと2人の家の修繕や庭の片付けなどをやっていたし、彼のために何かをしたわけでもない僕にも親切にしてくれました。自分でできる範囲でお返しをしたい、人に与えたいと思い、行動する。それはおそらく、移民や難民とかは関係なくて、人間の本質的な部分なんでしょうが、特に難民という厳しい状況におかれている人たちの中にそういうものを見た時に、それは文学が触れるべき対象だと感じました。

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インタビューに応じる小野正嗣さん=東京都豊島区

■「ステレオタイプな他者像が嘘だと、1人1人の人間に会ったらすぐにわかる」

――難民の人たちがその社会に還元するより前に、「自分たちの安全を壊すのではないか」とすぐに難民の存在を脅威に置き換えてしまうことについては、どう思いますか。

それは日本でも、フランスでもそうですよね。よそから入ってきたものは全部異物になっちゃって、その異物を排除しようとする。けれど、それとは逆に、他者と出会うことで自分や社会が変わっていくプロセスの可能性を信じる人たちもいる。他者と出会って変わることに意味を見出す人と、他者と出会って変わってしまうことを、ある種、汚れてしまうことだと考える人がいるんですね。

――日本の場合、難民の受け入れの話をすると、「私たちはこの問題をどう受け止めるのか」というのがなくて、難民には言葉を覚えてもらわなきゃ困るとか、難民のことばかりが語られます。

確かに、他者と出会うことによって自分たちの側がどう変わっていけるのか、とはあまり考えないですよね。「あなたは変われる!」といった表現に見られるように、変化することは肯定的な価値だと捉えられているのにね。難民のことを知り、難民と出会うことは、異なる言語や文化に触れ、自分たちの生き方がより豊かなものになる大きなチャンスだと考えるべきで、自分たちが変わることを恐れてはいけないと思います。

――他者と出会うことで変わることがいいことだと思うようになるには、何が必要でしょうか。

1人1人の難民や移民の人たちと実際に会ったらいいんです。例えば、アラブ人は怖いとか日本人が勤勉だといった紋切り型が存在して、それがまかり通り、機能してしまうのが人間の社会の恐ろしいところです。こうした人種差別的な紋切り型を、ナイジェリアの作家チママンダ・アディーチェは「シングルストーリー」と言っています。たとえば、アフリカと聞くと、エイズや内戦や貧困、あるいは大自然といった非常にざっくりとした紋切り型で捉えてしまい、そこで暮らす人々の多様な生き方やあり方や個々の差異が全然見えなくなってしまう。でも、そういう他者の文化と社会についての「シングルストーリー」、つまりステレオタイプな他者像が嘘だというのは、1人1人の人間に会ったらすぐにわかることではないですか。

だからネットの言葉も危険だと思います。自分で実際に見て確認する、あるいは出会うってことがなくて、流通しているイメージだけで他者を分かった気になってしまう。でも会えば全然違う。確かに、会ってみたら、ろくでもなかったってこともあるかもしれない。ただ、ろくでもない人がいるのは日本人だって同じですよね。でも、共存しているじゃないですか。それがどうして違う文化や言語の人だと共存できないってことになるのか。会ってみるっていうのが重要だと思うんです。

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インタビューに応じる小野正嗣さん=東京都豊島区

■「文学の役割は、他者の言語にできない体験を、共有しうるものに変えること」

――日本ではなかなか出会う機会がなくて、想像するしかないわけですが、想像を絶する経験を難民たちはしている。日本をメインに生きてきた人にとっては、ステレオタイプから抜け出すというのは難しいでしょうかね。

日本に暮らす僕たちからすると、想像を絶する体験で、まるで小説みたいだなと思えるけれど、難民の人たちはそれを実際に経験してきたわけですね。その話を聞かせてもらったとき、大きな衝撃を受け、より多くの人に伝えたいなって思いますよね。

その一方で、話している難民の側にも、自分の経験をうまく伝えられないという歯がゆい思いもあると思うんです。筆舌に尽くしがたいとう表現がありますが、難民はなかなか言葉にはならないような体験をそれでも言葉にしようとしてくれる。その言葉に耳を澄まし、彼らの想像を超えるような体験を、「それでもなお」想像しようとすること。それが重要だと思うんです。

そして、言葉にしがたい想像を超える体験だからこそ、逆説的に聞こえるかもしれませんが、それを広く共有してもらうために、文学が重要な役割を果たしうるのです。例えば大量虐殺を生き延びたユダヤ人たちは証言を数多く残していますが、いまだに読まれ続けているのは、プリーモ・レーヴィの作品など、文学的な作品と呼びうるようものです。想像を絶する体験っていうのは、そのまま言葉にすると読めないんですよ。つまり人間的な意味の世界を否定するような、非合理・非理性の極限体験を、きちんと意味のある論理的で明晰な言語で表現するのは非常に困難なんです。ありのままに書こうとすれば、あまりにも生々しくなったり、支離滅裂になったりして、多くの人に共有されにくい。

もちろん他者の苦悩や痛みを商品にすることはよくないことです。そのような意図はあってはならない。でも「文学の役割」は、他者の言語にできないような体験を、フィクションまたは文学的言語という形をとって、より多くの人が共有しうるものに変えることだと思うんです。例えば、ルワンダの虐殺の時も生き残った人たちが証言を残しています。しかし人はたやすく忘却します。その忘却に抵抗するという観点からは、文学的な形式には大きな意味があると思います。難民について書かれた文学作品としては、賛否両論ありますけれど、デイヴ・エガーズというアメリカ人作家の『What is the What』という小説があります。南スーダンでとても強烈な経験をして、アメリカに難民としてやってきた男性を知り合いになったエガーズは、彼から聞いた話にもとづいて、その男性が自らの体験を語るという形式の小説を書いたのです。それを読んで僕は衝撃を受けました。

日本だとそのような難民を扱った小説はあまりない気がします。難民を受け入れるという体験に乏しいからですかね。文学作品とは、自分たちが生きている社会の問題になんらかのかたちで応答しているものだと思います。僕たちが今生きている日本という社会において、移民や難民はますます避けて通れない主題になりつつあります。それに応答しようとする作品もこれから書かれると思います。

――実際、日本では既に様々な国から来た人が、普通に一緒に暮らしています。けれども、いつまでも受け入れられない。

僕が研究しているカリブ海の文学が力強いと思ったのは、この地域が「クレオール」の土地だからです。つまり、いろんなものが混じり合っているわけですよ。もともとカリブ族などインディアンがいたところに、ヨーロッパ人がやってきて、彼らを殲滅します。その後、労働力としてアフリカから大量の奴隷が連れてこられる。白人の支配者は奴隷たちが団結して反乱しないように、互いに言葉の通じない人たちをグループにする。そこでコミュニケーションの必要から生まれたのが「ピジン語」で、その後これが母語として話されるようになって「クレオール語」になります。奴隷制が19世紀に廃止されると、今度はインドや中国から労働者、中東から商人がやってきました。そのようにして人種や言葉が混じり、多様性を特徴とする文化が生まれたのです。

カリブ海のフランス領は、第2次世界大戦が終わった際に独立はせず、フランスの海外県になったところです。住民は、「自分たちの喋るクレオール語はフランス語が劣化したもの」「混血である自分たちは劣っている」みたいなコンプレックスをずっと持って、引け目を感じていました。しかし次第に、様々な人種や言語や文化が混じり合う「クレオール的」なあり方は、雑種文化と言われるかもしれないけれど、実は新しいアイデンティティだと捉えられるようになりました。「純粋だ」というのは、長い人類の歴史で見たら実に短いスパンの中で純粋に見えただけの話だと。人間のアイデンティティは、混じり合っているのが本来的な状態だと思うんです。そう思えば、純粋な文化という意味での「美しい日本」など取り戻せない。もしも「美しい日本」なるものがあるとしたら、その「美しさ」は、純粋さからはほど遠い雑種的な成り立ちを持っているものだと思います。

やはり、やって来る人たちを拒むよりは、様々な人を受け入れ、もちろん様々な摩擦や軋轢も生じるでしょうが対話を重ね、そこから新しい文化が生まれることのほうが望ましいし、面白いことではないでしょうか。外国から日本に来ている人たちは、もともと日本の土地と人に対して好意と愛情を持っている方も多いじゃないですか。だから、もしも「美しい日本」と言いたいのなら、むしろ移民や難民と一緒に、「新しい美しさ」を作り出していくべきでしょう。

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Bodies appearing to be those of rebel-soldiers allied to deposed vice-President lie on a street besides a wrecked military vehicle on December 28, 2013 in the town of Bor, days after it was recaptured by forces loyal to the government of Salva Kiir. International pressure bore down today on the two sides in South Sudan\'s bloody violence to open peace talks to keep the young nation from sliding into civil war. East African and Horn of Africa peace brokers gave President Salva Kiir and de facto rebel leader Riek Machar, whom Kiir sacked as vice president in July, until December 31 to start face-to-face talks and stop two weeks of fighting that is thought to have left thousands dead. AFP PHOTO / SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Wounded civilians rest after receiving treatment at the Malakal Hospital in the Upper Nile State of South Sudan on December 31, 2013 following heavy fighting in the the past few days. South Sudan\'s warring parties are set to begin peace talks in Addis Ababa aimed at bringing an end to a nearly three-week-old civil war that has already left thousands dead. AFP PHOTO/SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A girl sleeps at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar on January 3, 2014 in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps controlled by the United Nations in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A child carries a plastic can at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: Children pose at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A woman carries a plastic can at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A woman and her child pose at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese citizens from the Jonglei State are pictured on a truck in Juba on January 4, 2014 as they try to leave for Uganda. Warring parties in South Sudan delayed direct peace talks today dashing hopes of a swift ceasefire to end raging fighting and the risk of a slide into all-out civil war. While top leaders of the government and rebel teams have briefly met directly, the rivals continued to hold separate talks with negotiators. AFP PHOTO / SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese child stands next to a tent crowded with IDP\'s at an encampment within the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, UNMISS compound on January 4, 2014 in the capital Juba. Warring parties in South Sudan delayed direct peace talks on Saturday dashing hopes of a swift ceasefire to end raging fighting and the risk of a slide into all-out civil war. While top leaders of the government and rebel teams have briefly met directly, the rivals continued Saturday to hold separate talks with negotiators. AFP PHOTO/Charles LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES ATIKI LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 5: Due to the conflict betwen government\'s forces and opponents thousands people waiting to be placed in two UN camps inside Juba, South Sudan on January 5, 2014. UN authorities are trying to make more space in the camps to accept new refugees. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 5: Due to the conflict betwen government\'s forces and opponents thousands people waiting to be placed in two UN camps inside Juba, South Sudan on January 5, 2014. UN authorities are trying to make more space in the camps to accept new refugees. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on January 7, 2014 shows a part of an internally displaced persons\' camp on the compounds of the United Nations base in Juba. Thousands of people are fleeing the conflict in South Sudan each day, the United Nations said on January 7, as it reported seeing whole villages looted and burned. Deputy UN spokesman Farhan Haq said the capital Juba, where nearly 30,000 people are in two compounds, remains \'tense\' and UN peacekeepers are carrying out day and night patrols in the city. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A boy stands next to people washing their clothes in a stream at an internally displaced persons\' camp run by the United Nations in Juba on January 7, 2014. Thousands of people are fleeing the conflict in South Sudan each day, the United Nations said, as it reported seeing whole villages looted and burned. Deputy UN spokesman Farhan Haq said the capital Juba, where nearly 30,000 people are in two compounds, remains \'tense\' and UN peacekeepers are carrying out day and night patrols in the city. AFP PHOTO/NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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People go about their daily life in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014. An AFP reporter reached the town and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Women and children crowd around a water point, in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014 due to lack of water available for the thousands who have fled to Awerial region, leaving many to collect water from the Nile River. Many fled Bor region by boat, arriving in one of Awerial\'s small ports. An AFP reporter reached Minkammen and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A girl sleeps as people go about their daily life in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014. An AFP reporter reached the town and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Three children walk through a spontaneous camp for internally displaced persons at the United Nations Mission to South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Juba, on January 9, 2014. Over 17,000 people are living at the base, with new arrivals every day, due to ongoing conflict in the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A member of Doctors Without Borders (MSF) administers polio vacines to children in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 10, 2014. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The UN refugee agency warned on January 10 that fighting in South Sudan could drive more than half a million people from their homes, doubling the number of those affected by April. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A malnourished infant receives medical care in a clinic run by Doctors Without Borders (MSF) in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 10, 2014. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The UN refugee agency warned on January 10 that fighting in South Sudan could drive more than half a million people from their homes, doubling the number of those affected by April. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A lady sits under a mosquito net near the White Nile at a site used by internally displaced persons in Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A lady prepares doughnuts in the village of Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A soldier from the South Sudan Liberation Army (SPLA) reacts as a doctor treats a bullet wound at a health centre in the village of Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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David Loe, A South Sudanese man, looks at what has remained of his house after it was torched by rebels on January 12, 2014 in Bentiu. More than three weeks of fighting between government forces and rebels loyal to former vice president Riek Machar have killed more than 1,000 people and driven 230,000 from their homes and forced a cut in oil production.AFP PHOTO/SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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David Loe, A South Sudanese man, stands next to what has remained of his house after it was torched by rebels on January 12, 2014 in Bentiu. More than three weeks of fighting between government forces and rebels loyal to former vice president Riek Machar have killed more than 1,000 people and driven 230,000 from their homes and forced a cut in oil production.AFP PHOTO/SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) national army soldiers dance and celebrate after capturing the town of Bentiu, on January 12, 2014. Mediators pushed hard for a ceasefire in South Sudan as fighting raged today for the last rebel-held town and the full extent of the destruction wrought began to emerge. With up to 10,000 dead and nearly half a million displaced, the full scale of the destruction inflicted on the world\'s youngest nation is just starting to become clear. AFP PHOTO / SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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A Sudanese man carries a bed past South Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) national army soldiers patroling the town of Bentiu, on January 12, 2014. Mediators pushed hard for a ceasefire in South Sudan as fighting raged today for the last rebel-held town and the full extent of the destruction wrought began to emerge. With up to 10,000 dead and nearly half a million displaced, the full scale of the destruction inflicted on the world\'s youngest nation is just starting to become clear. AFP PHOTO / SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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BENTIU, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 12: South Sudan\'s army call for people who left their homes because of the conflicts in the capital Bentiu of Unity State, in northern South Sudan, having oil reserves, to come back homes on January 12, 2014. (Photo by Stringer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Displaced South Sudanese boys play at dawn in the grounds of St. Theresa\'s cathedral in Juba, on January 13, 2014 where he and over 100 others have sought refuge following an outbreak of fighting in mid-December between government forces and rebels allied to deposed vice-president Riek Machar. About 32,000 refugees have fled to Uganda and a total of around 10,000 others have gone to Ethiopia and Kenya, while more than 350,000 are internally displaced within South Sudan, the United Nations says. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese students look on from behind a volley-ball net after they took an English exam at a United Nations base in Juba on January 13, 2014. The Primary Leavers\' Examinations were supposed to take place in mid-December 2013 - when the rest of South Sudanese students took theirs - but fighting in Juba which erupted on December 15 when clashes broke out between army units loyal to President Salva Kiir and a loose coalition of army defectors and ethnic militia nominally headed by Riek Machar - disrupted the education system. Students displaced in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan base took the exam on January 13 in a dance club in the base. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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Men who claim to have deserted the Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) sit outside a police station in Mvolo, 75 miles from Rumbek in the Western Equatoria State, on January 14, 2014. Thirteen deserters from the Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) are being held in Mvolo by district authorities. One month of fighting in South Sudan, which only gained independence from Khartoum in 2011, has displaced some 400,000 people, according to the UN. The world body put the death toll at well in excess of 1,000, although the independent think-tank International Crisis Group says reports from the field indicate the death toll would be closer to 10,000. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A girl sits on crates of bottled water in the Konyo Konyo market neighbourhood of Juba, on January 15, 2014. Thousands of Juba\'s residents have left the city following clashes that broke out in December 2013 as the United Nations reported heavy fighting Tuesday for the South Sudan town of Malakal and dozens of people who sought refuge in the UN camp had been wounded. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees wait at a Sudanese border checkpoint in Joda, where Sudan\'s White Nile state meets the South\'s Upper Nile, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces on January 16, 2014. Those waiting on the border are among an estimated 10,000 who have fled north to Sudan as part of an exodus, which the UN\'s refugee agency UNHCR says has seen almost 80,000 people escape battles between rebel and government forces in South Sudan over the past month. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees sit as they arrive at a Sudanese border checkpoint in Joda, where Sudan\'s White Nile state meets the South\'s Upper Nile, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces on January 17, 2014. Those waiting on the border are among an estimated 10,000 who have fled north to Sudan as part of an exodus, which the UN\'s refugee agency UNHCR says has seen almost 80,000 people escape battles between rebel and government forces in South Sudan over the past month. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on January 19, 2014 shows South Sudanese army and police uniforms at the entrance of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) camp in Bor, the state capital of South Sudan\'s power-key eastern state of Jonglei, housing thousands of Internally Displaced People (IDPs). Government and Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) officials claim they are uniforms of rebels now being camp together with the IDPs, and that they have guns. South Sudanese government forces backed by Ugandan troops on January 18 recaptured the strategic town of Bor, defeating an army of thousands of rebels, officials said. As East African mediators attempt to push South Sudan\'s government and rebels into signing a truce, analysts and diplomats fear it may already be too late to halt the war. AFP PHOTO / WAAKHE SIMON WUDU\n\n (Photo credit should read WAAKHE SIMON WUDU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on January 19, 2014 shows the market torched to ground by rebels according to SPLA troops in Bor, the state capital of South Sudan\'s power-key eastern state of Jonglei, housing thousands of Internally Displaced People (IDPs). South Sudanese government forces backed by Ugandan troops on January 18 recaptured the strategic town of Bor, defeating an army of thousands of rebels, officials said. As East African mediators attempt to push South Sudan\'s government and rebels into signing a truce, analysts and diplomats fear it may already be too late to halt the war. AFP PHOTO / WAAKHE SIMON WUDU (Photo credit should read WAAKHE SIMON WUDU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit speaks during a press conference on January 20, 2014 in Juba where he reiterated his readiness for cessation of hostilities. Sudan\'s President Omar al-Bashir joins regional leaders for a meeting in Juba today on the fighting in South Sudan as ceasefire talks in Ethiopia remain deadlocked. AFP PHOTO /Charles LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES ATIKI LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY EMMANUEL LERROUX-NEGA\nSouth Sudanese refugees rest on the compound of Dzaipi Health Centre on January 25, 2014. In the steaming heat of Uganda, just south of the border with South Sudan, long lines of tents crowd the Dzaipi refugee camp where tens of thousands have fled fighting in their war-torn nation. Dzaipi was designed for 400 people, but at one point the flood of South Sudanese refugees swelled to some 35,000 as Uganda bears the brunt of the massive exodus from the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO/ ISAAC KASAMANI (Photo credit should read ISAAC KASAMANI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees cook on an open fire at a camp run by the Sudanese Red Crescent on January 27, 2014 in the western part of Sudan\'s White Nile state, about 30 kilometres from South Sudan, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces. Kuwait\'s Red Crescent, the United Nations, and Sudan\'s aid commission have provided the camp with assistance including shelter and food, a representative of the Red Crescent said, putting the camp population at about 8,000. AFP PHOTO /ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese refugee bearing tribal scarification markings is seen at a camp run by the Sudanese Red Crescent on January 27, 2014 in the western part of Sudan\'s White Nile state, about 30 kilometres from South Sudan, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces. Kuwait\'s Red Crescent, the United Nations, and Sudan\'s aid commission have provided the camp with assistance including shelter and food, a representative of the Red Crescent said, putting the camp population at about 8,000. AFP PHOTO /ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese children from the Dinka ethnic group pose at cattle camp in the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A young South Sudanese boy from the Dinka ethnic group looks on at a cattle camp in the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese people from the Dinka ethnic group wash in a river near the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on February 13, 2014 shows a sudanese man standing next to injured and dead cows following a reported aerial bombing by government forces on Tabanya, in Buram County, in southern Kordofan, where Sudan People\'s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) rebels have been fighting since 2011. The Sudanese goverment and South Kordofan rebels met for their first peace talks in almost a year, after a landmine reportedly killed five people in a war that has affected more than one million. AFP PHOTO / NUBA REPORTS / AHMED KHATIR (Photo credit should read AHMED KHATIR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on February 13, 2014 shows dead cows lying in a field following a reported aerial bombing by government forces on Tabanya, in Buram County, in southern Kordofan, where Sudan People\'s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) rebels have been fighting since 2011. The Sudanese goverment and South Kordofan rebels met for their first peace talks in almost a year, after a landmine reportedly killed five people in a war that has affected more than one million. AFP PHOTO / NUBA REPORTS / AHMED KHATIR (Photo credit should read AHMED KHATIR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A boy from the Dinka tribe stands among the herd of the communally owned heads of cattle on February 20, 2014 at a camp in Cueibet, Lakes state, South Sudan. Independent for nearly three years as of mid-last December when South Sudan\'s fell into wide-spread, deadly ethnic violence the shortlived peace is seen to be sacrificed at the altar of a corrupt albeit fledgling government. Independent for nearly three years as of mid-last December when South Sudan fell into wide-spread, deadly ethnic violence the shortlived peace is seen to be sacrificed at the altar of a corrupt albeit fledgling government. Influenced principally by the two largest ethnic groups, Dinka and Nuer respectively, also traditionally fierce rivals -- government efforts to contain simmering intercommunal resentment, led to rifts within the ruling SPLM, according to US special envoy to Sudan and South Sudan, Donald Booth. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on February 20, 2014 shows hundreds of Uganda\'s Peolple Defence Forces (UPDF) battle-hardened and heavily-armed Special Forces commandos trained from Israel and Russia as they participate in the drills near the South Sudan border. Uganda President Yoweri Musveni Museveni used an armoured vehicle to scrutinize the commandos preparedness, tactics and motivation\' as they prepare for combat against rebels loyal to sacked South Sudan President, Riek Machar. AFP PHOTO/PETER BUSOMOKE (Photo credit should read PETER BUSOMOKE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER BUSOMOKE via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on February 20, 2014 shows hundreds of Uganda\'s Peolple Defence Forces (UPDF) battle-hardened and heavily-armed Special Forces commandos trained from Israel and Russia as they participate in the drills near the South Sudan border. Uganda President Yoweri Musveni Museveni used an armoured vehicle to scrutinize the commandos preparedness, tactics and motivation\' as they prepare for combat against rebels loyal to sacked South Sudan President, Riek Machar. AFP PHOTO/PETER BUSOMOKE (Photo credit should read PETER BUSOMOKE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER BUSOMOKE via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY HANNAH MCNEISH\nA young boy from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan sleeps on February 21, 2014 in the dirt among his family\'s belongings as his sibling looks out from a makeshift compound demarcated using palm fronds that also serves as their shelter on one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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Youngsters from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan wade in the water on February 21, 2014 to catch fish off one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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Children from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan play in the water on February 21, 2014 just off one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan where they have fled to with the families for safety. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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A photo taken on February 21, 2014 shows a compound with its residents who survived an attack that left tens of tukuls (huts) burnt at a village in Panyijiar county, Unity state, South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district in Panyijiar after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7 to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 22: 27,000 people take shelter at the United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS) refugee camp due to the conflict between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, former vice President of South Sudan, in Juba, South Sudan. It\'s estimated that thousands of people died and more than 800,000 are displaced. (Photo by Muhammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 22: 27,000 people take shelter at the United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS) refugee camp due to the conflict between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, former vice President of South Sudan, in Juba, South Sudan. It\'s estimated that thousands of people died and more than 800,000 are displaced. (Photo by Muhammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) worker holds a South Sudanese baby while two little girls wait for treatment at the MSF hospital in Juba, on February 22, 2014. The World Health Organisation has launched on February 22, 2014 a vast vaccination campaign against cholera in the South Sudanese refugee camps, as an estimated 900 000 people have been displaced by the ongoing clashes in the country. AFP PHOTO/ CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South-Sudanese girl waits for treatment at the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) hospital in Juba, on February 22, 2014. The World Health Organisation has launched on February 22, 2014 a vast vaccination campaign against cholera in the South Sudanese refugee camps, as an estimated 900 000 people have been displaced by the ongoing clashes in the country. AFP PHOTO/ CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Young men load water from the river Nile into containers on February 26, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. War crimes have been committed by all sides in conflict-wracked South Sudan, Human Rights Watch said on February 27 reporting widespread atrocities in weeks of carnage in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands have been killed and almost 900,000 forced from their homes by over two months of battles between rebel and government forces, backed by troops from neighbouring Uganda. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: John lives with prosthetic leg as he lost his leg during the clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar on February 28, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Two girls part of internally displaced South Sudanese people stand in Malakal on March 3, 2014 as. Almost 40,000 people may have been displaced by militia arson and looting in Sudan\'s Darfur region, according to new data obtained by AFP on March 4, 2014. More than 19,000 arrivals have been recorded at two camps for displaced people near the South Darfur state capital, Nyala, the International Organisation for Migration said. (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A man places alms in a basket as internally displaced South Sudanese people (IDPs) from the Dinka ethnic group attend mass in a church in Minkamman, South Sudan on March 2, 2014. Fighting in South Sudan has cut production from the country\'s lifeline oilfields by about 29 percent, the press secretary to President Salva Kiir said in Khartoum on March 2. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese army soldier stands guard at the entrance of one of the country\'s last working petroleum facilities in the town of Paloch, on March 2, 2014. Fighting in South Sudan has cut production from the country\'s lifeline oilfields by about 29 percent, the press secretary to President Salva Kiir said in Khartoum today. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A mother and her child with body burns wait for medical treatment in the outpatient department of a medical camp run by international humanitarian organisation Doctors without Borders (MSF, Medicins Sans Frontieres), where about 50 000 people have been vaccinated against cholera, in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 3, 2014. On February 27, Human Rights Watch said war crimes have been committed by all sides in conflict-wracked South Sudan, reporting widespread atrocities in weeks of carnage in the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 4: Rebel forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar patrol in Malakal, capital of South Sudan\'s Upper Nile State, 650 kilometers far away from the capital Juba in South Sudan on March 4, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A picture shows a destroyed car in Malakal, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. Almost 40,000 people may have been displaced by militia arson and looting in Sudan\'s Darfur region, according to new data obtained by AFP on March 4, 2014. More than 19,000 arrivals have been recorded at two camps for displaced people near the South Darfur state capital, Nyala, the International Organisation for Migration said. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese woman milks a cow in an Internally Displaced Persons\' camp for Dinka ethnic group refugees in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. At least five soldiers died when heavy fighting broke out in the main military barracks in war-torn South Sudan\'s capital Juba on March 5, underscoring serious tensions within the national army as it battles a rebel uprising. Fierce gunfire lasting two hours was heard coming from the main barracks near Juba University, home to the presidential guards and other elite troops. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese girl helps a blind woman in an Internally Displaced Persons\' camp for Dinka ethnic group refugees in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. At least five soldiers died when heavy fighting broke out in the main military barracks in war-torn South Sudan\'s capital Juba on March 5, underscoring serious tensions within the national army as it battles a rebel uprising. Fierce gunfire lasting two hours was heard coming from the main barracks near Juba University, home to the presidential guards and other elite troops. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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MALAKAL, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 6: Hundreds of people fled to the United Nations Mission camp in Malakal city, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, in Malakal, 650 km far away from Juba, South Sudan on March 3, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese security forces stand next to weapons intercepted from a UN peacekeeping mission in Rumbek on March 8, 2014. South Sudan\'s army has intercepted weapons from a UN peacekeeping mission, a military spokesman said March 7, raising tensions between the government and international agencies as violence continued in the world\'s newest nation. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) is supposed to carry weapons for its contingent by air, not by the road. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 10: A group of people march for the support of South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir Mayardit in Juba, South Sudan on March 10, 2014. (Photo by Atem Simon/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOUTH SUDAN, JUBA - MARCH 11: South Sudanese boys train on the ground for the purpose of improve their abilities in Juba, South Sudan on February 24, 2014. South Sudanese boys dreaming of playing in European teams. Saying they wish to have the chance to represent South Sudanese national team, and the youth teams as well. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOUTH SUDAN, JUBA - MARCH 11: South Sudanese boys train on the ground for the purpose of improve their abilities in Juba, South Sudan on February 24, 2014. South Sudanese boys dreaming of playing in European teams. Saying they wish to have the chance to represent South Sudanese national team, and the youth teams as well. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese men try to construct shelters near burned out debris in Bor following clashes in the recent past, on March 15, 2014. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes since fighting began, including over quarter of million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO/ SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY JENNY VAUGHAN\nA South Sudanese refugee feeds her baby near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia, on March 18, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / SOLAN GEMECHU (Photo credit should read SOLAN GEMECHU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) soldier waves his AK-47 as soldiers celebrate alongside Internally Displaced People (IDP) outside the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal after the SPLA claimed it had recaptured the town from rebels on March 19, 2014. The northeastern town of Malakal, capital of oil-producing Upper Nile state, has been one of the hardest fought battlegrounds in the conflict, in which thousands have been killed. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting across the world\'s newest nation. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) soldier waves his AK-47 as soldiers celebrate alongside Internally Displaced People (IDP) outside the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal after the SPLA claimed it had recaptured the town from rebels on March 19, 2014. The northeastern town of Malakal, capital of oil-producing Upper Nile state, has been one of the hardest fought battlegrounds in the conflict, in which thousands have been killed. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting across the world\'s newest nation. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Two boys play with a broken bicycle near the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014. Malakal is a key city in an oil-prducing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Two boys play with a broken bicycle near the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014. Malakal is a key city in an oil-producing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Men and children gather to bathe at a nearby pool of water nearby the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014, after the SPLA allegedly took over Malakal town. Malakal is a key city in an oil-prducing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, whena clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations.AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A woman works in a water bottling company on March 20, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. Surging populations and economies in the developing world will cause a double crunch in demand for water and energy in the coming decades, the UN said on March 21, 2014 in a report published on the eve of World Water Day. World Water Day is being observed on March 22 since 1993 when the United Nations General Assembly declared 22 March as \'World Day for Water\'. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A young boy drinks bottled water in a restaurant on March 20, 2014, in Juba, the capital of South Sudan. Surging populations and economies in the developing world will cause a double crunch in demand for water and energy in the coming decades, the UN said on March 21, 2014 in a report published on the eve of World Water Day. World Water Day is being observed on March 22 since 1993 when the United Nations General Assembly declared 22 March as \'World Day for Water\'. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Hip hop artists L.U.A.L. (L) and Asif (R) and singer Rocsi jam in a studio in Juba, South Sudan, on March 21, 2014. In a country torn by conflict, there are a few artists who try to convey a message of peace that is meant to cross tribal and ethnic divides. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, and many hip hop artists have had to cancel public shows, refocusing their energies on radio show appearances, rehearsals and recording in studios. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese hip hop artist Madit poses in Juba, South Sudan, on March 22, 2014. In a country torn by conflict, there are a few artists who try to convey a message of peace that is meant to cross tribal and ethnic divides. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, and many hip hop artists have had to cancel public shows, refocusing their energies on radio show appearances, rehearsals and recording in studios. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI via Getty Images)
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Pupils sit in a classroom during a lesson at the Dr John Garang International school in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Pupils sit in a classroom during a lesson in the Ephatha Primary School in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Pupils are pictured at play time at the Dr John Garang International school in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 27: South Sudan President Salva Kiir is pictured during a meeting with German Development Minister Gerd Mueller (not pictured) on March 27, 2014 in Juba, South Sudan. Mueller is on a two day trip to Southsudan and Mali. (Photo by Thomas Trutschel/Photothek via Getty Images) (credit:Thomas Trutschel via Getty Images)
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Actors perform on stage at Juba University during a theatre representation on the occasion of the World Theatre Day on March 27, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Actors perform on stage at Juba University during a theatre representation on the occasion of the World Theatre Day on March 27, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - APRIL 2: South Sudanese former President Riek Machar and Riek Machar forces at the military camp in the Ismaila village of Jonguei state, Bor,South Sudan on March 30, 2014 following the failed coup attempt on December 16, 2013. (Photo by Kunfe Michael Habtemariam/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - APRIL 2: South Sudanese former President Riek Machar and Riek Machar forces at the military camp in the Ismaila village of Jonguei state, Bor,South Sudan on March 30, 2014 following the failed coup attempt on December 16, 2013. (Photo by Kunfe Michael Habtemariam/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A young South Sudanese woman grinds grain donated by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) to check the progress of operations at the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture shows a general view of the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014, during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Children jump rope in the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014, during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to Kule refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes between South Sudanese government forces and South Sudan\'s former President Riek Machar\'s opponent groups try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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President of South Sudan, Salva Kiir (L) and his Sudanese counterpart Omar al-Bashir take part in a welcome ceremony at Khartoum airport for an official visit on April 5, 2014. Kiir arrived for an official visit to discuss the situation in the war-torn South, whose oil flows are economically vital to both nations. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - APRIL 6: Nearly 3000 people from Khor Abeche region in South Darfur leave their home and struggle to survive near the camp of United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) in Sudan on April 6, 2014. They are attacked by armed group on March 22 and they wait to be transfered to more safer region, Buzzer. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - APRIL 6: Nearly 3000 people from Khor Abeche region in South Darfur leave their home and struggle to survive near the camp of United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) in Sudan on April 6, 2014. They are attacked by armed group on March 22 and they wait to be transfered to more safer region, Buzzer. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese cattle herders stand among their animals in a field in Terekeka, in the Central Equatoria state of South Sudan, on April 13, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan has triggered a serious risk of famine that will kill up to 50,000 children within months if immediate action is not taken, the UN warned on April 11. AFP PHOTO / ALI NGETHI (Photo credit should read ALI NGETHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ALI NGETHI via Getty Images)
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This handout picture taken on April 15, 2014 and released on April 23 by the the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) shows debris outside the Kali-Ballee Mosque in the oil town of Bentiu, Unity State, on April 15, 2014. \'More than 200 civilians were reportedly killed and over 400 wounded,\' the UN mission in the country said, adding there were also massacres at a church, hospital and an abandoned UN World Food Programme (WFP) compound. South Sudan\'s army has been fighting rebels loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar, who launched a renewed offensive this month targeting key oil fields. AFP PHOTO / HO / UNMISS\n\nRESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT \'AFP PHOTO / HO / UNMISS \' - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:- via Getty Images)
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KHARTOUM, SOUTH SUDAN - MAY 21: Sudanese troops that are prepared to rescue the Blue Nile and Kordofan regions under rebel\'s control, shown to media in Khartoum, South Sudan on May 21, 2014. (Photo by Stringer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Women from the Toposa tribe in Naurus, Greater Kapoeta on May 24, 2014. The Toposa of South Sudan are closely related to the Turkana of Kenya, Karamoja of Uganda, and Merille of Ethiopia. Together, they form the largest ethnic group in eastern Africa covering the Elemi triangle. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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Women from the Toposa tribe in Naurus, Greater Kapoeta on May 24, 2014. The Toposa of South Sudan are closely related to the Turkana of Kenya, Karamoja of Uganda, and Merille of Ethiopia. Together, they form the largest ethnic group in eastern Africa covering the Elemi triangle. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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SOUTH DARFUR, SOUTH SUDAN - MAY 28: Children who left their homes due to clashes in Darfur, take class at the school of El Sereif camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in South Darfur, South Sudan on 28 May, 2014. The center reopened during the summer holidays (May-July) for these children who settled recently to the camp with their families and missed the classes in their original villages due to the tribal clashes. According to the local authorities, the center, with 60 teachers and more than 3,000 students, is overpopulated and needs an urgent rehabilitation of the classrooms. (Photo by UNAMID-Pool/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps in their shelter in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Women and children sit next to their shelters in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Sudanese sit in their shelter in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOWETO, SOUTH SUDAN - JUNE 16: The 38th Youth Day marking 1976 Soweto uprising, is commemorated in Soweto, South Sudan, June 16, 2014. On 16th June 1976, thousands of youths in Soweto took to the streets to vent their anger in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in schools during the apartheid regime and clashed with security forces. South Africans are commemorating the 38th anniversary of the uprising in which 176 people died. (Photo by Ihsaan Haffejee/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A Nuer man smokes a pipe in a South Sudanese internally displaced people (IDP) camp at UN House, the UNMISS (United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan) compound on the southwestern outskirts of Juba, on June 23, 2014, during a joint visit by a UNESCO high delegation and the Special Representative of the United Nations\' Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict to raise support for peacebuilding in South Sudan. Peace talks between South Sudan rebels and the government adjourned on June 23 with no progress made on forming an interim government or implementing a ceasefire. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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A man in a wheelchair buys maize from children at the Tomping Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Juba on July 2, 2014. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) started to move some refugees from the Tomping IDP camp to the Juba 3 camp in an effort to improve living conditions. Over a million people have been displaced outside of their areas since fighting broke out six months ago, many in overcrowded conditions that are worsening with the early arrival of torrential rains. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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A man gives English lessons to refugees at the Tomping Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Juba on July 2, 2014. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) started to move some refugees from the Tomping IDP camp to the Juba 3 camp in an effort to improve living conditions. Over a million people have been displaced outside of their areas since fighting broke out six months ago, many in overcrowded conditions that are worsening with the early arrival of torrential rains. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Martha Nyarueni (R) and her family return to their home outside of the town of Leer, South Sudan, after receiving aid package, on July 5, 2014. In January Martha fled with her husband and five children into the bush, where they lived for months before returning home in May to find their home burned and food stores looted. Over 40 tons of emergency food supplies and seed - enough for 1,100 families - were airdropped into Leer by the International Red Cross. These are the first air drops by the ICRC for nearly two decades, in an effort to reach hundreds of thousands of starving and malnourished people in South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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A malnourished child is breastfed after he received treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Families with malnourished children wait to receive treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Families with malnourished children wait to receive treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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An elderly woman attends celebrations marking three years of South Sudan\'s independence at the Dr. John Garang Mausoleum in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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South Sudan young men perform a traditional dance during celebrations marking three years of independence in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / AYMERIC VINCENOT (Photo credit should read AYMERIC VINCENOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudan young men perform a traditional dance during celebrations marking three years of independence in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / AYMERIC VINCENOT (Photo credit should read AYMERIC VINCENOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) John Garang works with Save the Children in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. He and his family fled Sudan in 1983, moving first to Ethiopia and then to Kenya as refugees before returning to South Sudan.\n (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Schoolboys live in an internally displaced persons camp in the Awerial district of South Sudan after fleeing violence in the nearby city of Bor, July 19 2014. \n (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Dancers and wrestlers in the town of Mingkaman in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Dancers and wrestlers in the town of Mingkaman in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JULY 28: Muslims perform Eid al-Fitr prayer in Juba, South Sudan on 28 July, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Youngsters attend an anniversary celebration of the Red Army Foundation (RAF) in Juba on July 29, 2014. In the early 1980s, the SPLA recruited and began training boys as young as 12 to fight in its independence battle with Sudan, in a group called the Red Army. The Red Army was later resurrected as the Red Army Foundation (RAF), an organisation dedicated to addressing social problems among former members and South Sudan\'s youth. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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A young girl smiles on August 1, 2014 as she plays next to flooded housing in the UN Protection of Civilians (PoC) site in Upper Nile State capital Malakal, South Sudan. South Sudan\'s warring leaders will resume peace talks next week, mediators said on August 1, amid warnings of famine within weeks if fighting continues. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - SEPTEMBER 17: South Sudanese police men take security measure around the UNMISS Refugee Camp as The Director of Operations, European Commissions Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department (ECHO) Jean-Louis de Brouwer (not seen) visits the refugee camp in Juba, South Sudan, on September 17, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - SEPTEMBER 17: Refugees are seen around the tent cities in UNMISS Refugee Camp in Juba, South Sudan, on September 17, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)