黒人少年射殺事件、白人と黒人で受け止め方に大きな隔たり(調査結果)

アメリカ・ミズーリ州ファーガソンで黒人青年マイケル・ブラウンさんが射殺された事件について、アメリカ人の意見が大きく割れていることが、ハフポストUS版と調査会社YouGovが行った調査でわかった。

アメリカ・ミズーリ州ファーガソンで2014年8月9日、武器を持っていなかった18歳の黒人青年マイケル・ブラウンさんが射殺された事件(日本語版記事)について、アメリカ人の意見が大きく割れていることが、ハフポストUS版と調査会社YouGovが行った調査でわかった。

この調査は、ブラウンさんを射殺した白人警察官ダレン・ウィルソン氏を不起訴とした大陪審の決定(日本語版記事)が発表される前に行われたものだ。

回答者の28%は、ウィルソン氏に過失があり、同氏は罰せられるべきだと答えたが、23%の人は、青年を射殺したことは十分に正当化されると回答した。

また、30%の人は、ウィルソン氏とブラウンさんの両方が誤りを犯した「悲劇的な事件だ」と考え、20%の人は「わからない」と回答した(警察は、事件直後8月10日の記者会見で、「警官がブラウンさんにパトカーに押し込められて暴行を受け、ブラウンさんは拳銃を奪おうとした」と説明した。また15日には、警察は警官の名前をウィルソン氏と公表したうえで、ブラウンさんが事件直前にコンビニで強盗をはたらいたとみられる防犯カメラ映像を公開した。ただし、ウィルソン氏がブラウンさんを呼び止めたときには強盗の件は知らなかったという)。

「ウィルソン氏がどのように罰せられると予想するか」という質問に対しては、26%の人は「軽すぎる罰になるだろう」と答え、22%の人は「重すぎる罰が科されるだろう」と答えた。また、18%の人は「適切な罰が下される」と予想し、34%の人は「わからない」とした。

CNNも、大陪審の決定前に独自の調査を行ったが、それによると、回答者の多くはウィルソン氏が罪に問われることを望んでいた。具体的には、「ウィルソン氏が殺人罪で起訴されるべき」と回答した人は32%、「それより軽い罪で起訴されるべき」と回答した人は25%だった。ただし、「ウィルソン氏は起訴されるべきでない」と回答した人も31%いた。

ハフポストUS版とYouGovによる最新の調査結果を人種別に見ると、「ウィルソン氏に過失がある」と回答した人の割合は、黒人では64%だったが、白人ではわずか22%だった。逆に、「射殺は正当化される」と答えた人の数は、白人が黒人の7倍以上となっている。

また、黒人のうち、「ウィルソン氏の罰が軽すぎるものになる」と予想した人は53%で、重すぎる罰になると予想した人はわずか2%だった。

3つの質問に対する黒人と白人の回答の違い(マウスオーバーすると数値が見える)。質問は、

(左)「ウィルソン氏に過失があり、罰されるべきだ」

(中)「ウィルソン氏に下される判決は軽すぎるものになるだろう」

(右)「今回の事件は、より大きな傾向の一例にすぎない」。

一方、支持政党別に見ると、「ウィルソン氏に過失がある」と答えた人の数と、「ウィルソン氏の罰が軽すぎるものになる」と危惧した人の数は、民主党支持者が、共和党支持者の3倍以上を占めた。

おそらく最も意見の違いが大きかった質問項目は、「この射殺事件は独立した事件なのか、あるいは、警察が黒人を一般的にどう扱っているかを示す例のひとつにすぎないか」というものだ。「警察による黒人の扱い方全般を示すひとつの例だ」と答えた人は、黒人の74%に対して白人は31%、民主党支持者の57%に対して共和党支持者は18%だった。

ただし、「事件発生時やその後の状況に、地元の政治家らが適切に対応した」と考えている人は、人種や支持政党にかかわらず非常に少なかった。「ミズーリ州政治家らの対応は適切だ」と答えた人の割合は、全体でわずか17%(白人の17%、黒人の13%)だった。また、かなり多くの人が何らかの混乱が起こると予想しており、回答者の73%が、不起訴になった場合には暴力的な抗議行動が起こるとの考えを示した。

今回の調査は、11月14日から17日にかけて成人のアメリカ人1000人を対象としたもので、YouGovのオンラインフォームから抽出したサンプルを使用し、アメリカの成人人口の人口構成やその他の特性に合わせて調整を行った。具体的には、年齢、人種、性別、学歴、職業、収入、配偶者の有無、子供の数、有権者登録状況、インターネットにアクセスした時間と場所、政治への関心度、宗教、礼拝に出席する頻度などを考慮している(すべての結果をまとめたPDFはこちら)。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

[日本語版:佐藤卓/ガリレオ]

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Captain Ron Johnson of the Missouri Highway Patrol speaks to media during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator reacts during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator gestures to police officers during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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Law enforcement officers watch on during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator holds a placard during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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Protesters walk through a cloud of tear gas Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by police has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police in riot gear mobilize during a standoff with protesters Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a rally for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man stands in the street during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed a by police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man stands in front of police during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man holds up a rose during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man holds his hands up in the street after a standoff with police Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man wipes his eyes with water after getting hit with tear gas during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is detained after a standoff between protesters and police Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man stands in the street during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man tries to recover after being treated for tear gas during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is detained by police during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man protests Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by police Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is detained by police during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is helped ease the effects of tear gas during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is lead away by police during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man tries to recover after being treated for getting hit with tear gas during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by police Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Men walk away from a cloud of tear gas during a protest Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A member of the Missouri Highway Patrol is seen atop an armored personnel carrier Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by police has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police fire tear gas from atop an armored personnel carrier Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by police has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police take up positions after being shot at Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police scramble in all directions as they take gunfire Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by police has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas and Gov. Jay Nixon ordered the National Guard to help restore order Monday. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police take up positions after being shot at Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, in Ferguson, Mo. The Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer has touched off rancorous protests in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb where police have used riot gear and tear gas and Gov. Jay Nixon ordered the National Guard to help restore order Monday. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People walk through the streets after a standoff with police Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Police detain a protester Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People march down the street after a standoff with police Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man is detained after a standoff between protesters and police Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, during a protest for Michael Brown, who was killed by a police officer Aug. 9 in Ferguson, Mo. Brown\'s shooting has sparked more than a week of protests, riots and looting in the St. Louis suburb. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Law enforcement officers watch on during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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Demonstrators display signs during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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Demonstrators display signs during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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FERGUSON, MO - AUGUST 18: Demonstrators protesting the shooting death of Michael Brown walk down the street on August 18, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri. Protesters have been vocal asking for justice in the shooting death of Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer on August 9th. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
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FERGUSON, MO - AUGUST 18: Police officers arrest a demonstrator on August 18, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri. Violent outbreaks have taken place in Ferguson since the shooting death of unarmed teenager Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer on August 9th. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
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Law enforcement officers watch on during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator holds a placard during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator holds a placard during a protest on West Florissant Avenue in Ferguson, Missouri on August 18, 2014. Police fired tear gas in another night of unrest in a Missouri town where a white police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, just hours after President Barack Obama called for calm. AFP PHOTO / Michael B. Thomas (Photo credit should read Michael B. Thomas/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MICHAEL B. THOMAS via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator protesting the shooting death of Michael Brown wears a gas mask on August 18, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri. Protesters have been vocal asking for justice in the shooting death of Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer on August 9th. (credit:Getty)

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