ハンガリー、移民や難民を貨物用コンテナのキャンプに拘束する法案を可決

「常軌を逸している」
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2015年9月29日、ハンガリーのへジュシュハロムからオーストリアとの国境に向かって乳児を抱えながら歩いていく移民の女性。LEONHARD FOEGER / REUTERS

ハンガリー議会は3月7日、難民申請者を書類審査が終わるまで拘束し、国内にいる難民や移民を使い古しの貨物用コンテナに移送させる法案を可決した。

人権団体は、この方針について違法で非人道的だと厳しく非難しており、ハンガリーで続く難民や移民に対する厳しい取り締まりの一部に過ぎないと批判している。また、この法案は、すでにハンガリー政府が実施している、入国を阻止する厳格な措置を悪化させるものだという声が上がっている。

国際的人権団体「アムネスティ・インターナショナル」ヨーロッパ支部で副部長を務めるガウリ・ヴァン・グリ副部長は7日に声明を発表し、「世界で最も弱い立場にあるとも言える人々を機械的に拘束し、時には何カ月にもわたって、有刺鉄線付きフェンスの裏側で貨物用コンテナに収容するという計画は、常軌を逸している」と批判した。

アムネスティは、全面的な拘束は国際法やEU法の違反にあたり、こうした包括的な措置ではなく、臨機応変な対応を検討するべきだと主張している。

アムネスティは、「難民申請者の拘束は、常に最終手段であり、司法審査や救済手段の機会を与えずに強制執行されるべきではない。在留資格のみを根拠にした子どもの拘束は、あってはならないことです」とも述べた。

国連難民高等弁務官事務所(UNHCR)も法案に反対し、「強い懸念がある」と表明した。

UNHCRは声明で、「実際問題として、この法案では子どもを含むすべての難民申請者を拘束し、国境沿いの有刺鉄線付きフェンスに囲まれた貨物用コンテナで長期間にわたって拘束することになる」と語った。

ハンガリー議会は賛成138票、反対6票、棄権22票で法案を可決した。この法案の対象者は、すでに国内にいる人々やこれから入国してくる人々を含むすべての難民申請者であり、セルビアとの国境沿いにある拘束者用キャンプに収容される。保護者と共に移動する子供も、大人の移民も性別や健康上の理由に関わらず、この法案の対象となる。唯一の例外とされているのは、同伴者のいない14歳未満の子供だ。

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2017年3月2日、ハンガリーのガラ村近くで、第二のフェンスで最近囲まれたばかりのセルビアとの国境地帯を巡回するハンガリーの警察官。LASZLO BALOGH / REUTERS

ハンガリーのビクトル・オルバン首相は7日、新たに就任した国境警備隊員を迎える式典で、強制的な難民の拘束を実施すれば国境地帯の治安は保たれると発言し、ハンガリーは移民に「包囲されている」と語った。オルバン首相は、ポピュリスト的政策の中核として移民に反対し、民族主義を訴え、移民はハンガリーにとっての「毒」と呼んでいる。

ハンガリーは、EUの難民政策に対して以前から反発しており、難民危機の緩和策として受け入れ人員を各国で再配分しようとするEUの取り組みに繰り返し反対している。ハンガリーで2016年10月に実施された国民投票では、EU加盟国間で移民の受け入れを分担する政策に対して圧倒的な数の反対票が投じられたが、投票率が極めて低かったため投票は無効とみなされた。

ここ数カ月で、オルバン首相は反EUの姿勢をさらに強めている。オルバン首相は2月2日、ロシアのウラジーミル・プーチン大統領と会談し、EUによるロシアへの経済制裁を非難した。会談から数週間後の2月中旬、ハンガリーでは移民の侵入を防ぐため国境地帯で第2のフェンスの建設が始まったが、これは2015年9月15日に建設されたフェンスを拡大させたものだ。

オルバン首相は2月2、ハンガリー商工会議所に集まった観衆に向かって扇動的な演説をし、経済的な成功のカギとなるのは「民族の同質性」だと語った。

オルバン首相は演説で、「民族が混ざりすぎるといろいろな問題が生まれる」と発言している

ハフィントンポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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ハンガリーの難民危機
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