インドネシア大統領選、当選したジョコ・ウィドド氏はどんな人 政権の汚職・インフラ不足が課題

7月9日に投票が行われたインドネシアの大統領選挙は、選挙管理委員会が22日に結果を発表し、ジャカルタ特別州知事のジョコ・ウィドド氏(53)の当選が決まった。ジョコ氏は国政に縁の薄い庶民派。
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EPA時事

7月9日に投票が行われたインドネシアの大統領選挙は、選挙管理委員会が22日に結果を発表し、ジャカルタ特別州知事のジョコ・ウィドド氏(53)の当選が決まった。ジョコ氏は国政に縁の薄い庶民派。現政権では汚職のまん延やインフラ不足などが深刻化しており、国民はジョコ氏が解決に向けて指導力を発揮することに期待を託している。

集計によると、ジョコ氏の得票率は53.15%で、元陸軍戦略予備軍司令官のプラボウォ・スビアント氏(62)は46.85%だった。

今回は3回目の直接大統領選で、憲法の規定で3選ができないユドヨノ大統領に代わり、10年ぶりに新大統領が誕生する。任期は5年。就任式は10月20日。

ジョコ氏は貧困家庭の出身。苦学の末に名門ガジャマダ大に進学した。清廉なイメージと地方首長としての経験から絶大な人気を集めている。エリート層や軍出身者が占めていた従来のインドネシアの政治指導者とは一線を画す存在として支持を集めた。時事ドットコムによると、ヘビーメタルバンド、メタリカの大ファンで、猫好きとして知られるという。

ジョコ氏は、貧しい大工の長男として生まれ、露天商などで学費を工面しながら大学を卒業し、家具輸出業で成功。2005年にソロ市長、12年にジャカルタ特別州知事となり、保健や教育補助の政策で実績をあげた。行政改革に反対する人の所に何度も直接足を運んで説得する行動力も人気の源泉となってきた。

しかし、これまで強みとされてきた、国政のしがらみのない「清廉さ」は、国を率いる指導者としては経験不足とも受け取られかねない。選挙戦で「安定」と「強いインドネシア」を訴えたプラボウォ氏に猛追されたのも、ジョコ氏の指導力に不安を抱く有権者の意識の表れともいえる。

(MSN産経ニュース『インドネシア大統領選 ジョコ氏「当確」 庶民派の手腕、焦点』より 2014/07/10 09:41)

一方、ジョコ氏と争った元エリート軍人のプラボウォ氏は、軍人出身で「強い指導者」をアピールし、組織力を背景にジョコ氏を猛追した。選挙はかつてない激戦となり、両者が勝利宣言。プラボウォ氏は22日、「多数の不正があり、大統領選は無効」とし、敗北を認めない姿勢を強調した。このため、今後、選挙結果をめぐって、双方の支持者が衝突するなど混乱する懸念も出ている。

当選したジョコ氏は22日夜、ジャカルタで勝利演説を行い「これからは団結するときだ」と宣言、選挙戦で分裂した国民に和解を呼び掛けた

■メガワティ元大統領と距離保てるかも課題

ジョコ氏は日本とインドネシアの関係について、毎日新聞とのインタビューで「政府間、民間交流、ビジネス交流とも良い関係だ」との認識を示している。

インドネシアの輸出を国別にみると、12年は日本が約301億ドル(3兆717億円)で最大の相手先。輸入も日本からが3番目に多いなど経済のパイプは太く「日本企業にもっと投資をしてほしい」と期待した。

(毎日新聞『インドネシア大統領選:ジョコ候補「鉱石輸出禁止は継続」』より 2014/07/06 08:00)

ジョコ氏は国内では映画スター並みのファンがいる。大統領選では、行政の透明性を高めて汚職をなくし、農村振興や教育制度の充実で経済の底上げを図ると強調。経済成長率7%を達成すると訴えた。

ジョコ氏を擁立したのは闘争民主党党首のメガワティ元大統領。メガワティ氏に院政を敷かれることなく手腕を発揮できるかも課題となる。

■人口2億5千万の国、かじ取りに注目

インドネシアでは、陸軍幹部だったスハルト氏が1968年に大統領になり、強権支配による長期体制を確立した。しかし、1997年のアジア通貨危機で権力基盤が揺らぎ、政権は1998年に崩壊。同国の民主化は一気に進展したが、その後も歴代大統領は軍出身者や有力政治家の一族が中心だった。

インドネシアは約2億5千万と世界4位の人口を抱える「人口大国」だ。個人消費が国内総生産(GDP)の6割を占める内需大国でもあり、中国やインドに続く新興経済国として注目を集める。ただし、インフラの整備や国内産業の育成が遅れている。

ジョコ氏はかつて「東南アジア諸国連合(ASEAN)の盟主」と呼ばれたインドネシアの再興に向け、内政・外交の両面でどんなかじ取りをするのか、世界からも注目されている。

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This picture takenon July 9, 2014 shows Sudjuatmi, mother of Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo,showing her ballot while voting in Solo. Both sides claimed victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as most unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(37 of68)
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An Acehnese woman casts her ballot at a polling centre in Banda Aceh in Aceh province on July 9, 2014. Both presidential candidates Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto claimed victory on July 9, in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN (Photo credit should read CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHAIDEER MAHYUDDIN via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(38 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(39 of68)
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Supporters of Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo rally at the traffic roundabout in central Jakarta after the close of polls on July 9, 2014. Both sides claimed victory on July 9, in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritiarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ROMEO GACAD (Photo credit should read ROMEO GACAD/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ROMEO GACAD via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(40 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(41 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo delivers a victory speech in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(42 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Supporters of Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(43 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Joko Widodo greets his supporters as he declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Prabowo Subianto has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(44 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (L) and former president Megawati Sukarnoputri (R) attend a press conference in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Both sides claimed victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the end of authoritarian rule, as unofficial tallies showed Jakarta governor Joko Widodo leading over ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ARIF ARIADI (Photo credit should read ARIF ARIADI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ARIF ARIADI via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(45 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Prabowo Subianto declares victory in the Indonesian Presidential election, although the vote counting is not complete, the race is very close, and the other Candidate Joko Widodo has also claimed victory in the race on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(46 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (3rd L) gestures with former Indonesian general Wiranto (2nd L-white shirt), now head of the Hanura party, former president Megawati Sukarnoputri (3rd R) and Widodo\'s running mate Jusuf Kalla (2nd R) during a press conference in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ARIF ARIADI (Photo credit should read ARIF ARIADI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ARIF ARIADI via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(47 of68)
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Indonesian election officials wearing Javanese \'wayang\' costumes assist voters in Solo in central Java island on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(48 of68)
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Indonesian election officials wearing Javanese \'wayang\' costumes cast votes in Solo in central Java island on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ANWAR MUSTAFA (Photo credit should read ANWAR MUSTAFA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANWAR MUSTAFA via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(49 of68)
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A polling centre official looks at a ballot during a tally of Indonesia\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Jakarta governor Joko Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. It came after unofficial tallies from polling agencies showed him leading with around 53 percent of the vote against Prabowo\'s 47 percent. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(50 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Joko Widodo (R) and his wife Iriana Widodo (L) gestures after voting at a polling centre in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Widodo declared victory on July 9 in Indonesia\'s tightest and most divisive presidential race since the downfall of dictator Suharto, which has pitted him against ex-general Prabowo Subianto. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(51 of68)
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BOJONG KONENG INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian women wait to cast their votes at their local polling station on July 9, 2014 in Bojong Koneng, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(52 of68)
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BOJONG KONENG INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian Presidential Candidate Prabowo Subianto speaks with reporters after voting in his local polling station on July 9, 2014 in Bojong Koneng, Indonesia. Indonesians went to the polls today to vote in the country\'s presidential election being contested by two candidates - Prabowo Subianto, a former military General and Joko Widodo, the former governor of Jakarta. (Photo by Ed Wray/Getty Images) (credit:Ed Wray via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(53 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An elderly woman inks her finger after voting at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(54 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Election officers in football shirts prepare papers ballot at a polling station set-up for the world cup activities during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(55 of68)
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Indonesians arrive at a makeshift polling centre to cast their votes in the country\'s presidential election Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(56 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An Indonesian woman casts her ballot at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(57 of68)
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YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: An Indonesian man casts his ballot at a polling station during the Indonesia presidential election on July 9, 2014 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(58 of68)
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An Indonesian couple shows their inked fingers at a polling centre after voting in the country\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(59 of68)
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Indonesians leave a polling centre after cast their vote in the country\'s presidential election in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(60 of68)
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DENPASAR, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Election officers check ballot papers during vote counting of the Indonesia presidential election at a polling station on July 9, 2014 in Denpasar, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to choose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(61 of68)
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Papuan tribesmen wearing traditional costume vote in Jayapura on July 9, 2014 located in remote eastern Indonesia\'s Papua province. Indonesians vote July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / LIVA LAZORE (Photo credit should read LIVA LAZORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:LIVA LAZORE via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(62 of68)
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Papuan tribesman and women wearing traditional costumes arrive at a voting center in Jayapura on July 9, 2014 located in remote eastern Indonesia\'s Papua province. Indonesians vote July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / LIVA LAZORE (Photo credit should read LIVA LAZORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:LIVA LAZORE via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(63 of68)
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An Indonesian woman votes in the country\'s presidential election at a polling centre in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(64 of68)
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Indonesians vote in the country\'s presidential election at a polling center in Jakarta on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / ADEK BERRY (Photo credit should read ADEK BERRY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEK BERRY via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(65 of68)
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An elderly Indonesian woman (front L) receives assistance as she votes in the country\'s presidential election in the village of Bojong Koneng in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(66 of68)
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An Indonesian woman casts her vote in the country\'s presidential election in the village of Bojong Koneng in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians voted on July 9 in the tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(67 of68)
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Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (C-facing, wearing black hat) is mobbed by supporters and the media as he greets the people after voting at Bojong Koneng village in Bogor, West Java province, on July 9, 2014. Indonesians vote on July 9 in the country\'s tightest and most divisive presidential election since the downfall of dictator Suharto, pitting Jakarta governor Joko Widodo against Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general with a chequered human rights record. AFP PHOTO / Bay ISMOYO (Photo credit should read BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:BAY ISMOYO via Getty Images)
インドネシア大統領選(68 of68)
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JAKARTA, INDONESIA - JULY 09: Indonesian president candidate Joko Widodo and his wife cast their ballot on July 9, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Election day in Indonesia sees locals take to the polls to chose between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto as their next president. Recent polls have indicated a tightly fought contest, with allegations of corruption marring the process. (Photo by Oscar Siagian/Getty Images) (credit:Oscar Siagian via Getty Images)