PRESENTED BY ワーナー・ブラザース映画

なぜ155人全員を救えたのか? 航空機事故「ハドソン川の奇跡」 機長のリーダー像に迫る

奇跡的に全員が生還した大規模な航空機事故。その運命をわけた機長の手腕とは?
Open Image Modal
For the first time since crash-landing in the Hudson River, Capt. Chesley 'Sully' Sullenberger returns to the cockpit of US Airways jet flight 1549 at the Carolinas Aviation Museum on Friday, November 18, 2011, in Charlotte, North Carolina. Sullenberger was visiting as a guest of local schoolkids. (Todd Sumlin/Charlotte Observer/MCT via Getty Images)
Charlotte Observer via Getty Images

2009年1月15日、アメリカ・ニューヨーク市で起きた航空機事故を覚えているだろうか? マンハッタン上空850メートルでエンジントラブルを起こした「USエアウェイズ1549便」は、ハドソン川に不時着水。乗客乗員全155人が無事に生還したことから、「ハドソン川の奇跡」と呼ばれ、世界中のメディアがこのニュースを報じた。

現役パイロットが語る、5つの「奇跡」

1. 双発機で両方のエンジンが止まる事態は可能性としてかなり稀

2. 離陸直後のため高度が低く、難易度が高い

3. 川への着水の成功例は、ほぼない

4. 人口密集地での緊急着陸で死者なしは「信じられない」

5. あまりにもレアケースなので、パイロット研修でも教材として取り上げられるほど

このUSエアウェイズ1549便で、機長を務めていたのが、チェスリー・“サリー”・サレンバーガー氏(サリー機長)だ。42年の経歴によって導き出されたとっさの決断から、乗客乗員へ的確な指示を出し、着水後機体が沈むまでのたった24分間で全員を避難させた行動力…。

その奇跡と呼ばれた出来事を映画化した話題作が、9月24日に公開される。クリント・イーストウッド監督のもと、主演のトム・ハンクスがサリー機長を演じる『ハドソン川の奇跡』だ。

サリー機長とは一体どんな人物なのか? 類稀なるリーダーシップはどこからくるのか? 事故での彼の行動をひも解くと、真のプロフェッショナルとは何かが見えてきた。

1. 冷静かつ、的確な判断力

Open Image Modal

USエアウェイズ1549便は、機体が鳥の群れとぶつかる“バード・ストライク”により、両エンジンが同時に推力を失った。このような両エンジン同時のエンジントラブルはきわめて稀だという。機体の高度は下がっていくが、大都会マンハッタンに大きな空き地は存在しない。サリー機長はハドソン川への不時着水を決断する。

着水の直前、サリー機長は「こちら機長。身構えて、衝撃に備えて」と、コクピットから客室へ短い言葉で指示を出した。機体への衝撃と、機体が落下していく感覚の中、事態が飲み込めずにいた乗客たちだったが、その指示に従った。もしも事前にトラブルを伝えていたら、機内は大混乱を極めたに違いない。彼の指示ひとつをとっても、まさに的確な判断だった。

また不時着水後、なるべく早く救助してもらえることを意識して、船着き場の近くに着水させたことも、彼は計算していたのだ。

エンジントラブルが起きてから、状況を把握し、あらゆる選択肢を吟味し、決断し、着水させるまで、わずか208秒の出来事だった。それは、管制官との音声記録として残されている。鬼気迫る中での冷静な判断が、乗客乗員を救った。

2. 成功への揺るぎない自信

Open Image Modal

もしあなたが、チームを率いるリーダーだった場合、前例のないトラブルに見舞われたとき、成功する自信が持てるだろうか? ほとんどの答えは「No」だろう。

過去、水上での緊急胴体着水の成功率は限りなくゼロに近く、ほとんどの場合機体が大きく破損している。驚くべきは、これほどまで大規模で、前例のない事故であるにもかかわらず、サリー機長は「全員の命を救う自信があった」と話していること。

サリー機長は「常に、緊急事態に置かれた自分を想像していた」と語っている。日々イメージトレーニングを重ねていたというのだ。また、日頃から過去の航空機事故の事例を徹底的に分析、独自に研究していたとも話している。

パイロットとしての42年間の経験と、彼の勤勉さがもたらした、「成功への自信」こそが、全乗員乗客を救うことになった。リーダーの確固たる自信が、メンバーの安心感と、チームの成功率を高めることにつながったのだ。

3. プロとして、最後まで成し遂げる責任感

Open Image Modal

ハドソン川に不時着水したUSエアウェイズ1549便は、機体後部からすぐに浸水が始まった。川へ着水したことを知った乗客たちは、足元の浸水に気づいてパニックとなる。前方出口から脱出を開始すると、乗客たちが出口に押し寄せ、さらなるパニックとなった。

真冬のニューヨーク、外気温はマイナス6度と寒かった。サリー機長自らも、「上着を着て、立ち止まらずに前に進んでください」「荷物は持たずに」と客室で乗客に指示を出し、脱出のための指揮をとった。客室乗務員と副機長を脱出させたあと、ひとりも残っていないことを確認してから、サリー機長は、最後に脱出したのだった。

しかし、これで仕事が完了したわけではない。海上保安官や、フェリーに救助されたあとも、サリー機長の気がかりは生存者の数だった。病院へ搬送される際に「わたしの仕事はまだ終わっていない」とその場を離れることを拒んだという。

その後、サリー機長は155人全員の命が救われたことを知る。このとき、初めて彼に安堵が訪れたのだった。最後まで職務を全うする責任感こそ、彼のプロ意識の高さを物語っている。

4. ベテランと呼ばれてもなお、訓練や備えを怠らない

Open Image Modal

サリー機長は手記「機長、究極の決断-『ハドソン川』の奇跡」(翻訳書・静山社文庫刊)の中で、彼のパイロットとしての歩みと、事故の一部始終を明かしている。本書には、サリー機長がかつて米軍に入隊し、パイロットとして訓練を重ねてきた過去も記されている。

たとえベテランと呼ばれる経歴を重ねていても、決して過去の訓練を忘れることはない。その後の訓練も怠らない。それは、パイロットとしての仕事を全うしているということだ。

全員を奇跡的に救ったサリー機長を、世界中がヒーローと賞賛したが、彼は常々こう言っていた。「わたしは、やるべきことをやったまでだ。訓練を怠らないこと、乗客を守ること、すべてはパイロットの義務である」と。

5. メンバーへの信頼と誇り

Open Image Modal

あなたの職場のリーダーは、あなたを信頼していると思いますか? そして、あなたが組織のリーダーの場合、メンバーひとり一人を、心から信頼しているだろうか?

サリー機長は、事故を振り返り、「副機長、客室乗務員ともに素晴らしいメンバー」と仲間たちを讃えた。コクピットからの指示を受けた客室乗務員3名は「身構えて!頭を下げて!姿勢を低くして!」と繰り返し声をあげていたという。その声はコクピットにいるサリー機長にも届き、「彼女たちが、プロとしての職務を全うしてくれているとわかった。その声が、わたしに落ち着きと元気を与えてくれた」と、手記の中で当時の心境を語っている。

乗務員全員のプロ意識とチームワークを感じながら、メンバーへの信頼が揺るぎないものになっていたのである。

サリー機長は、全員の救命に成功したことを、自らの功績だとは思っていない。「誰がなんと言おうと、あれはチームプレイだった」と述べている。大きな試練を乗り越えるとき、メンバーを信頼し、リーダーもまた「チームの一員である」という認識が、結束力を高めたと言えるだろう。

イーストウッド監督が描きたかった、リーダー像とは?

2001年9月11日、あの「アメリカ同時多発テロ」が起きた。未曾有のテロ事件に見舞われ、人々に不安が広がるニューヨークで、乗客乗員全155人が救われた「ハドソン川の奇跡」。これは、“飛行機事故=テロ”というイメージが暗く根付いてしまったニューヨークで、しばらくぶりの明るいニュースとなった。

乗客たちは脱出の際、命の危機にさらされパニックに陥るものの、誰もが協力し合ったと、のちに当時の状況が報道された。岸辺のフェリーターミナルから人々を助けようと駆けつけた船が14隻、救助にかかった時間は、わずか24分間。皆一丸となって救助にあたった。9.11の事件があったからこそ、「みんなで乗り越えていこう」という空気がニューヨーク全体にあったのだ。

そして、全体の指揮をとったサリー機長。個々の力をまとめて引っ張っていく彼の真のプロショナルと呼べる姿こそ、クリント・イーストウッド監督が描きたかった、時代が求めるリーダー像だったのかもしれない。

Open Image Modal

********

そして、事故後の知られざる裏側に迫る“実話”を描いたのが映画『ハドソン川の奇跡』(9月24日公開)だ。奇跡の生還劇と賞賛され、一躍英雄となったサリー機長だが、実は“事故の責任”を問われ、容疑者として調査委員会からの厳しい追及を受けていた……。一体なぜ? クリント・イーストウッド監督が、今だからこそ問いかける奇跡の先の“真実”とは?

USエアウェイズ1549便 不時着水事故
Front page of the Daily News for January 16, 2009, headline (01 of25)
Open Image Modal
UNITED STATES - JANUARY 16: Front page of the Daily News for January 16, 2009, headline reads: Hero of the Hudson, Pilot saves 155 as he lands jet in frigid New York river., photo of pilot Chesley Sullenberger (Photo by NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images) (credit:New York Daily News Archive via Getty Images)
US Airways Passenger Jet Crashes Into Hudson River By NYC(02 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: Rescue crews secure a US Airways flight 1549 floating in the water after it crashed into the Hudson River January 15, 2009 in New York City. The Airbus 320 craft crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images) (credit:Chris McGrath via Getty Images)
US Airways Passenger Jet Crashes Into Hudson River By NYC(03 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: Rescue boats float next to a US Airways plane floating in the water after crashing into the Hudson River in the afternoon on January 15, 2009 in New York City. The Airbus 320 flight 1549 crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina. (Photo by Jerritt Clark/Getty Images) (credit:Jerritt Clark via Getty Images)
US Airways Flight 1549 Crashes in Hudosn River. Shivering, w(04 of25)
Open Image Modal
UNITED STATES - JANUARY 15: US Airways Flight 1549 Crashes in Hudosn River. Shivering, wet passengers in life jackets, including Claudette Mason of Memphis, pull up to World Yacht pier at 40th St. in Manhattan aboard FDNY marine Unit Rescue 1. (Photo by John Roca/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images) (credit:New York Daily News Archive via Getty Images)
US Airways Flight 1545 - Hudson River(05 of25)
Open Image Modal
US Airways Flight 1549 crashes in Hudson River. EMS personnel remove passenger from the downed plane at West 23rd street and West Side Highway. Airbus A320-214 flying this route struck a flock of Canada Geese during its initial takeoff, lost engine power and landed in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan.(Photo By: John Roca/NY Daily News via Getty Images) (credit:New York Daily News via Getty Images)
Crash of US Airways Flight 1549 in the Hudson River near W. (06 of25)
Open Image Modal
UNITED STATES - JANUARY 15: Crash of US Airways Flight 1549 in the Hudson River near W. 42St. A firefighter helps Claudette Mason after being brought to pier. (Photo by Andrew Savulich/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images) (credit:New York Daily News Archive via Getty Images)
Passengers, Crew Of US Airways Flight 1549 Celebrate 5th Anniversary Of Miracle Landing(07 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 15: Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger, a retired airline captain famous for landing a commercial jet on the Hudson River, celebrates the five-year anniversary of \'The Miracle on the Hudson\' on January 15, 2014 in New York City. On January 15, 2009, Sullenberger took off from La Guardia airport while piloting US Airways Flight 1549 with 150 passengers and five crew members. The plane hit a goose shortly after take off, forcing Sullenberger to land the plane in the Hudson River; no one was killed. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
Miracle On Hudson Plane Survivors Commemorate 1-Year Anniversary Of Landing(08 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: Crew, rescuers and passengers of US Airways flight 1549 are taken out to the site of the crash during a reunion to mark the one year anniversary on January 15, 2010 in New York, New York. Captain Chesley Sullenberger ditched the plane successfully in the Hudson River saving the lives everyone on board. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images) (credit:Chris McGrath via Getty Images)
Danville Holds Celebration For US Airways Pilot Chesley Sullenberg(09 of25)
Open Image Modal
DANVILLE, CA - JANUARY 24: A crowd of people gathers to honor US Airways pilot Chelsey B. Sullenberger III at a celebration in his honor January 24, 2009 in Danville, California. Captain Sullenberger, who has been hailed as a hero, was honored for guiding his crippled airliner to safe landing in the Hudson River, saving the lives of all 155 on board January 15. (Photo by David Paul Morris/Getty Images) (credit:David Paul Morris via Getty Images)
Capt. Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger visits Charlotte schoolkids(10 of25)
Open Image Modal
Elizabeth Anthony, far right, and her classmates from Cannon School show their thanks for Capt. Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger outside the Carolinas Aviation Museum on Friday, November 18, 2011, in Charlotte, North Carolina. Elizabeth\'s father was a passenger on US Airways jet flight 1549 that crash-landed in the Hudson River. The students are studying heroes and selected Sullenberger as their choice in honor of Elizabeth\'s father. (Todd Sumlin/Charlotte Observer/MCT via Getty Images) (credit:Charlotte Observer via Getty Images)
Danville Holds Celebration For US Airways Pilot Chesley Sullenberg(11 of25)
Open Image Modal
DANVILLE, CA - JANUARY 24: A crowd of people gathers to honor US Airways pilot Chelsey B. Sullenberger III at a celebration in his honor January 24, 2009 in Danville, California. Captain Sullenberger, who has been hailed as a hero, was honored for guiding his crippled airliner to safe landing in the Hudson River, saving the lives of all 155 on board January 15. (Photo by David Paul Morris/Getty Images) (credit:David Paul Morris via Getty Images)
Lawmakers Continue To Negotiate State Budget As Gov. Prepares Layoffs(12 of25)
Open Image Modal
SACRAMENTO, CA - FEBRUARY 17: U.S. Airways pilot Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger (C) waves as he is honored during an event February 17, 2009 at the State Capitol in Sacramento, California. Sullenberger, a California resident, was honored by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (L) for his safe landing of an airliner on the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York last month after losing both engines to bird strikes (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) (credit:Justin Sullivan via Getty Images)
Passengers, Crew Of US Airways Flight 1549 Celebrate 5th Anniversary Of Miracle Landing(13 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 15: Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger, a retired airline captain famous for landing a commercial jet on the Hudson River, celebrates the five year anniversary of \'The Miracle on the Hudson\' on January 15, 2014 in New York City. On January 15, 2009, Sullenberger took off from La Guardia airport while piloting US Airways Flight 1549 with 150 passengers and five crew members. The plane hit a goose shortly after take off, forcing Sullenberger to land the plane in the Hudson River; no one was killed. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
(HR) Captain Chesley Sullenberger salutes the cadets as they march past him. At left is Lieutenant General John F. Regni, the Superintendent of the Air Force Academy. Captain Chesley Sully Sullenberge(14 of25)
Open Image Modal
(HR) Captain Chesley Sullenberger salutes the cadets as they march past him. At left is Lieutenant General John F. Regni, the Superintendent of the Air Force Academy. Captain Chesley Sully Sullenberger III was honored today at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs with this year\'s Colonel James Jabara award for excellence in airmanship. Captain Sullenberger, 58, ditched US Airlines Flight 1549 safely into the Hudson River in New York, saving all on board. He is former US Air Force fighter pilot from California and graduated from the Air Force Academy in 1973. Helen H. Richardson/The Denver Post (Photo By Helen H. Richardson/The Denver Post via Getty Images) (credit:Helen H. Richardson via Getty Images)
Workers Lift US Airways Plane Out Of Hudson River(15 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 18: Emergency personnel stand under the right wing of the U.S. Airways Airbus A320 after it was lifted out of the Hudson River January 18, 2009 in New York City. U.S. Airways Flight 1549 crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina on January 15, 2009. The National Transportation Safety Board has recovered the black box data and voice recorders that will help determine the cause of the crash. (Photo by Ramin Talaie/Getty Images) (credit:Ramin Talaie via Getty Images)
Workers Prepare To Lift The US Airways Plane Out Of Hudson River(16 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 17: The wing of US Airways Airbus 320 sticks out from the water surrounded by ice as workers prepare to lift the plane from the Hudson River on January 17, 2009 near Battery Park City in New York City. US Airways Flight 1549 crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina on January 15, 2009. The National Transportation Safety Board hopes to recover the black box data, voice recorders and other important components that will help determine the cause of the crash. (Photo by Daniel Barry/Getty Images) (credit:Daniel Barry via Getty Images)
Capt. Sullenberger Returns To Cockpit Months After Hudson River Landing(17 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - OCTOBER 01: US Airway pilot Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger attends a news conference at LaGuardia Airport on his first official day back in the cockpit on October 1, 2009 in New York, New York. Sullenberger, will be back to piloting regular flights again following his emergency landing of a US Airways flight 1549 into the Hudson River after it lost power in both engines following a bird strike last January. Sullenberger will follow the same route he took on the day of the accident to Charlotte, N.C along with the same co-pilot Jeffrey Skiles who both flew up together from Charlotte in the morning. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images) (credit:Spencer Platt via Getty Images)
Safe Skies Act(18 of25)
Open Image Modal
UNITED STATES - APRIL 12: Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger, center, a former airline pilot known for landing a plane in the Hudson River, speaks during a news conference in the Capitol to encourage the Safe Skies Act as an amendment to the FAA reauthorization bill, April 12, 2016. The amendment would require that cargo pilots are as sufficiently rested as passenger plane pilots. Pilots Bill Secord, right, of FedEx, and Michael Moody of UPS, also appear. (Photo By Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call) (credit:Tom Williams via Getty Images)
Gov. Schwarzenegger Honors US Airways Pilot Chesley Sullenberger(19 of25)
Open Image Modal
SACRAMENTO, CA - FEBRUARY 17: California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (L) gives a flag and license plate to US Airways pilot Chesley Sullenberger February 17, 2009 at the State Capitol in Sacramento, California. US Airways pilot and California resident Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger was honored by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger for his safe landing of a US Airways on the Hudson River in New York last month after losing both engines to bird strikes (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) (credit:Justin Sullivan via Getty Images)
Capt. Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger visits Charlotte schoolkids(20 of25)
Open Image Modal
For the first time since crash-landing in the Hudson River, Capt. Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger returns to the cockpit of US Airways jet flight 1549 at the Carolinas Aviation Museum on Friday, November 18, 2011, in Charlotte, North Carolina. Sullenberger was visiting as a guest of local schoolkids. (Todd Sumlin/Charlotte Observer/MCT via Getty Images) (credit:Charlotte Observer via Getty Images)
Passengers, Crew Of US Airways Flight 1549 Celebrate 5th Anniversary Of Miracle Landing(21 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 15: Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger, a retired airline captain famous for landing a commercial jet on the Hudson River, along with passengers and crew members from the flight, raise glasses of champagne on a New York Waterway ferry in the middle of the Hudson River to celebrate the five year anniversary of \'The Miracle on the Hudson\' at a press conference and photo opportunity on January 15, 2014 in New York City. On January 15, 2009, Sullenberger took off from La Guardia airport while piloting US Airways Flight 1549 with 150 passengers and five crew members. The plane hit a goose shortly after take off, forcing Sullenberger to land the plane in the Hudson River; no one was killed. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
1st Anniversary Of The Miracle On The Hudson(22 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: Passengers of US Airways flight 1549, celebrate the 1st anniversary of the Miracle On The Hudson with a toast on the Hudson River on January 15, 2010 in New York City. The US Airways plane crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina and floated in the water after crashing into the Hudson River in the afternoon of January 15, 2009 in New York City. Captain Chesley Sullenberger ditched the plane successfully in the Hudson River that day saving the lives everyone on board. (Photo by Mike Coppola/FilmMagic) (credit:Mike Coppola via Getty Images)
Miracle On Hudson Plane Survivors Commemorate 1-Year Anniversary Of Landing(23 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: Crew, rescuers and passengers of US Airways flight 1549 make a toast at the exact time that the plane came to rest in the Hudson River during a reunion to mark the one year anniversary on January 15, 2010 in New York City. The US Airways plane crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina and floated in the water after crashing into the Hudson River in the afternoon of January 15, 2009 in New York City. Captain Chesley Sullenberger ditched the plane successfully in the Hudson River that day saving the lives everyone on board. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images) (credit:Chris McGrath via Getty Images)
1st Anniversary Of The Miracle On The Hudson(24 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK - JANUARY 15: A close up of cupcakes from the Passengers of US Airways flight 1549, celebrate the 1st anniversary of the Miracle On The Hudson with a toast on the Hudson River on January 15, 2010 in New York City. The US Airways plane crashed shortly after take-off from LaGuardia Airport heading to Charlotte, North Carolina and floated in the water after crashing into the Hudson River in the afternoon of January 15, 2009 in New York City. Captain Chesley Sullenberger ditched the plane successfully in the Hudson River that day saving the lives everyone on board. (Photo by Mike Coppola/FilmMagic) (credit:Mike Coppola via Getty Images)
"Sully" New York Premiere(25 of25)
Open Image Modal
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 06: Retired airline captain Chesley \'Sully\' Sullenberger, director Clint Eastwood and actor Tom Hanks attend the \'Sully\' New York premiere at Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center on September 6, 2016 in New York City. (Photo by Jim Spellman/WireImage) (credit:Jim Spellman via Getty Images)