オバマ大統領、核の先制不使用宣言を断念へ 「日本や韓国を動揺させる」

「ロシアや中国を勢いづかせる恐れがある」といった懸念の声も。
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核兵器なき世界を目指すアメリカのオバマ大統領は、自ら検討していたとされる「核兵器の先制不使用宣言」について、宣言を断念したもようだとニューヨーク・タイムズ(電子版)が9月5日、複数の政府高官からの話として伝えた。政権内から「同盟国を動揺させる」「ロシアや中国を勢いづかせる恐れがある」といった反対の声が相次いだためだという。

1945年8月に広島と長崎に原爆を投下して以来、歴代のアメリカ大統領は核兵器を「最後の手段」としつつ、核の先制攻撃の可能性については不文律ながら維持してきたが、オバマ氏は2017年1月の任期終了前に核政策の見直しを進めており、その中で「核兵器の先制不使用宣言」も検討していたとされる。

オバマ氏は2009年の「プラハ演説」で唯一の核兵器使用国としての責任に言及。「核兵器なき世界」の理念を掲げ、ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。2016年5月に「核保有国は、恐怖の論理から逃れるべきだ」と訴えた広島でのスピーチも記憶に新しい。

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オバマ大統領のプラハ演説(2009年)

核兵器の役割を減らすことを目指すオバマ氏の下、政権内では今夏に繰り返し議論があったという。実際に「核兵器の先制不使用宣言」が実現すれば、アメリカの安全保障にとって大きな方向転換となるが、ケリー国務長官をはじめ、オバマ氏の側近からは「日本や韓国などの同盟国との関係を損ねる可能性がある」といった懸念の声があがったという。

ニューヨーク・タイムズによると、カーター国防長官やケリー国務長官は「核の先制不使用を宣言すれば、ロシアのプーチン大統領や北朝鮮の金正恩委員長からは『アメリカの弱さの表れ』と解釈されかねない」と主張したという。また、エネルギー長官のモニツ氏らも「アメリカの『核の傘』を信頼している同盟国を動揺させる」と憂慮。こうした政権内からの「今は適切な時期ではない」といった懸念を、オバマ大統領が聞き入れた形となったようだ。

一方でオバマ政権は、9月下旬の国連総会を前に、爆発を伴う核実験禁止を各国に求める決議案を国連安保理で採択することを目指す方針だという。核軍縮の機運を高めるさらなる方策について、引き続き検討を重ねるとみられる。

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