「世界最古のコンピューター」で知られるアンティキティラの沈没船から新たな発見、古代の武器も

「最新技術は海洋科学の可能性を広げる」
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2000年前に、アンティキティラ島近海で沈没した船で発見された、装飾が施されたガラス器や香水瓶、貴金属

紀元前65年頃にエーゲ海の島アンティキティラ島近海に沈んだ難破船の最新調査で、60点以上の遺物が引き上げられた。この沈没船からは、天体観測の機械で、人類史上初のコンピューターと言われる「アンティキティラの機械」が発見されている。歯車が連動する時計のような装置で、日食や月食、天体位置の予測のために使われたと考えられている。

ギリシャ共和国文化・スポーツ省とウッズホール海洋研究所(WHOI)が実施したこの調査では、これまで数週間の間に黄金の装飾品やガラス器、像の一部とみられる槍、大理石の像、デカンタなどが発見された。

中でも興味を引くものは、「ドルフィン」と呼ばれる、古代武器とみられる遺物だ。

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調査チームのブレンダン・フォーリー氏とテオトキス・テオドウロウ氏が、「ドルフィン」と呼ばれる防御用の兵器とみられる遺物を調査する

この鉛と鉄製の遺物の重さは約220ポンド(約100キロ)ある。ドルフィンは船のヤード(帆桁)と呼ばれるマストに取り付けられた水平な丸材(スパー)から海賊船などの攻撃船のデッキ(甲板)に落とされる防衛兵器だった。

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アンティキティラの沈没船で、アンフォラの様式を比較する海洋考古学者のフォーリー氏

WHOIによると、この調査では科学者らが自律型ロボットを使って水深170フィートの海底1万500平方メートル(2.6エーカー)のマップを作成後、ダイバーらが海底の実地調査を行ったという。

調査チームは最新の実験技術検査技法を用いて、陶器の壺からDNAを抽出して中に収められていた食品や飲料、薬を究明し、鉛物質にはアイソトープ検査を実施して鉛の産出地を判断することができた。

海洋考古学者のブレンダン・フォーリー氏は、「最新技術は海洋科学の可能性を広げる」と語った。「アンティキティラの沈没船にダイビングするたびに、古代からの贈り物が手に入る。アンティキティラの沈没船は宗教や音楽、芸術から旅、貿易、戦争に至るまで人が体験するあらゆる種類のものを調査する手がかりを与えてくれる」

発見物の一部は引き上げられたが、海底に残されたものもある。

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アンティキティラの沈没船から金の指輪を回収するフォーリー氏

この沈没船は1900年、海綿を採集していたダイバーらによって発見された。

これまで長い間、考古学者たちによって大理石の像やその他何千点もの遺物が発見されてきた。海洋学者ジャック=イヴ・クストーが行った1976年の調査では、この沈没船から300点以上の遺物が引き上げられた。

クストーの調査について、WHOIは「27日間の調査で悪天候が続いたにも関わらず、彼らは数百点の遺物を引き上げた。中には、陶器や大理石の像の一部、青銅の小さな像、青銅貨、ゴールドジュエリーや宝石、高級ガラス器や人の白骨遺体などがある」と記している

今後もまた新たな発見があるかもしれない。同調査グループによると、近くに沈没している2つ目の古代貨物船も発見された。

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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