「2015年は人類文明の大転換点となった。」 後世の歴史学者は、そう言うかも知れない。
なぜなら、18世紀後半の蒸気機関の発明に端を発する産業革命（化石燃料依存文明の始まり）に匹敵する画期的な国際合意が2件、この年に成立したからである。
つまり、国連による地球社会の「持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）」の採択とCOP21による「パリ協定」（21世紀後半のCO2排出量実質ゼロ目標）である。
現在、人類はグローバル・ローカルに様々な問題・課題を抱えている。しかし、この数年で、その解決に向けて、社会経済の枠組がグローバルに変わり始めていることも事実である。
それは同時に、今後のビジネスの基本的な枠組の構造的変化をも意味する。SDGs とパリ協定を含む、2010年以降のCSR・CSV・ESGにかかわる国内外の主要な動きを一覧したものが下表である。
これらの動きを俯瞰すれば、次の三つのキーワードに収斂する。
すなわち、社会的課題（の解決）、（社会と企業の）持続可能性、そして（長期的な）企業価値。これらは、いずれも21世紀の地球社会をデザインする基本思想となるが、企業も長期戦略の見直しのために、早く気付くべきである。
関連レポート
(2016年2月26日「研究員の眼」より転載)
株式会社ニッセイ基礎研究所
保険研究部 上席研究員・ESG研究室長
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COP21 パリのデモ
France Climate Countdown(01 of46)
White bears costumed activists demonstrate near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(02 of46)
Costumed activists demonstrate near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(03 of46)
An activist hold a poster during a demonstration near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(04 of46)
An activist hold a poster reading \"Change the system, not the Climate\" near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(05 of46)
Activists demonstrate with a banner near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(06 of46)
Activists gather near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(07 of46)
Activists gather near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(08 of46)
Activists gather during a demonstration near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. Banner behind reads: Standing and decided for climate. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(09 of46)
Activists dressed like animals stage a die in during a demonstration near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(10 of46)
Activists stage a die in during a demonstration near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(11 of46)
Activists wait with their bear costume before a demonstration near the Eiffel Tower, in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. As organizers of the Paris climate talks presented what they hope is a final draft of the accord, protesters from environmental and human rights groups gather to call attention to populations threatened by rising seas and increasing droughts and floods. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(12 of46)
Climate activist perform during a demonstration in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(13 of46)
A climate activist holding a red ribbon demonstrates in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(14 of46)
A climate activist demonstrates in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(15 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(16 of46)
A man dressed in Santa Claus demonstrates with climate activists holding a red ribbon in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(17 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(18 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. The Arc de Triomphe is seen behind. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(19 of46)
A climate activist demonstrates in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(20 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate with red umbrellas and ribbon in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(21 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. The Arc de Triomphe is seen in background. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(22 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate with red balloons and umbrellas in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(23 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate with red umbrellas in Paris, Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 during the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. The Arc de Triomphe is seen in background. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(24 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 as part of the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. Poster reads: For a peaceful climate, let oil in the soil. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(25 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 as part of the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(26 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 as part of the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. The Arc de Triomphe is seen in background. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(27 of46)
Climate activists demonstrate in Paris Saturday, Dec.12, 2015 as part of the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. Several environmental and human rights groups are planning protests around Paris to call attention to populations threatened by man-made global warming and urge an end to human use of oil, gas and coal. The Arc de Triomphe is seen in background. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(28 of46)
Yellow paint is poured on the street during a protest by activists from environmental group Greenpeace on the Champs-Elysee in Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015 . The protest is one of many activist actions linked to the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(29 of46)
Climate activists carry a red banner during a demonstration at the COP21, United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Le Bourget, north of Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015. Hundreds of climate activists have stretched a block-long red banner through the Paris climate talks to symbolize \"the red lines\" that they don\'t want negotiators to cross in trying to reach an international accord to fight global warming. (AP Photo/Michel Euler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(30 of46)
A climate activist holds a placard next to a of a reproduction of the Eiffel tower during a demonstration at the COP21, United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Le Bourget, north of Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015. Hundreds of climate activists have stretched a block-long red banner through the Paris climate talks to symbolize \"the red lines\" that they don\'t want negotiators to cross in trying to reach an international accord to fight global warming. (AP Photo/Michel Euler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(31 of46)
Climate activists carry a red banner during a demonstration at the COP21, United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Le Bourget, north of Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015. Hundreds of climate activists have stretched a block-long red banner through the Paris climate talks to symbolize \"the red lines\" that they don\'t want negotiators to cross in trying to reach an international accord to fight global warming. Reproduction of the Eiffel tower in the background. (AP Photo/Michel Euler) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(32 of46)
This photo provided by environmental group Greenpeace shows the Arc de Triomphe roundabout painted with yellow by activists, Friday, Dec.11, 2015. The protest is one of many activist actions linked to the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. (Greenpeace via AP) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(33 of46)
Yellow paint is poured on the street during a protest by activists from environmental group Greenpeace on the Champs-Elysee in Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015 . The protest is one of many activist actions linked to the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(34 of46)
Activists from environmental group Greenpeace hold banners reading: \"Mister Hollande, renew energy\", at the top of the Arc de Triomphe during a protest on the Champs-Elysee in Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015 . The protest is one of many activist actions linked to the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Climate Countdown(35 of46)
An activist from environmental group Greenpeace holds a banner reading: \"Mister Hollande, renew energy\", at the top of the Arc de Triomphe during a protest on the Champs-Elysee in Paris, Friday, Dec. 11, 2015 . The protest is one of many activist actions linked to the COP21, the United Nations Climate Change Conference. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Climate Change demonstration in Paris(36 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Flowers are seen on the ground while activists stage a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard in Paris on December 12, 2015. A proposed 195-nation accord to curb emissions of the heat-trapping gases that threaten to wreak havoc on Earth\'s climate system is to be presented at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21 in Le Bourget, on the outskirts of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Climate Change demonstration in Paris(37 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Activists stage a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard in Paris on December 12, 2015. A proposed 195-nation accord to curb emissions of the heat-trapping gases that threaten to wreak havoc on Earth\'s climate system is to be presented at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21 in Le Bourget, on the outskirts of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Climate Change demonstration in Paris(38 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: People wearing polar bear costumes are seen while activists stage a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard in Paris on December 12, 2015. A proposed 195-nation accord to curb emissions of the heat-trapping gases that threaten to wreak havoc on Earth\'s climate system is to be presented at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21 in Le Bourget, on the outskirts of Paris. (Photo by Mustafa Yalcin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(39 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Two activists perform beside the police as they attend a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(40 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Activists gather as they shouts and hold banner during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(41 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: An activist holds tulip flowers during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(42 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Activists gather as they shouts and hold banner during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(43 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Two activists perform during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(44 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: An activist shouts as she hold up an umbrella during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(45 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: An activist shouts during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)
Activists Rally During COP21 In Paris(46 of46)
PARIS, FRANCE - DECEMBER 12: Activists wear dive costumes during a demonstration near the Arc de Triomphe at the Avenue de la Grande Armee boulevard on December 12, 2015 in Paris, France. The final draft of a 195-nation landmark agreement on climate has been submitted at the United Nations conference on climate change COP21, aimed at limiting greenhouse gas emissions and keeping planetary warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius. (Photo by Agung Parameswara/Getty Images) (credit:Agung Parameswara via Getty Images)