日本人として戦争に反対することのジレンマ

法案の是非等々については今後も議論は尽きないと思いますが、日本の多くの方々に防衛体制や平和のあり方について考えるよい機会となったことは、素直に良かったのではないかと思います。
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早くも今月も終わりですね。

今月大きな話題になったものといえば、一つにはやはり安保法案の可決があるでしょうか。私も国会中継を横目に作業等していたのですが、ほんと大変な騒ぎでしたね。

安保法案によって今後日本の軍事(?)はどうなっていくのか、そもそもあの可決は強制採決なんじゃないかとか、法案自体が憲法違反じゃないかとか、殴ったとか殴ってないとか、法案の是非等々については今後も議論は尽きないと思いますが、日本の多くの方々に防衛体制や平和のあり方について考えるよい機会となったことは、素直に良かったのではないかと思います。

ちなみに、安保法案に関連して「多数決は民主主義じゃない」的な発言が物議を醸していたのですが、「多数決と民主主義」のテーマでは私も特定秘密保護法可決の時に一度記事を書いていますので、ご興味のある方は御覧ください。

さて、今回の記事のテーマは、具体的な安保法案の是非ではなくて、もうちょっと抽象的なところを考えてみたいと思います。

安保法案に反対する方々の声として、代表的だったものの一つに「戦争法案反対」や「日本を戦争できる国にしない」など、「戦争反対」にまつわるスローガンがありますね。

この声に対しては、安保法案賛成派の方々も当然「同盟国との協力体制を強化する方がむしろ戦争を防げる」と言われるでしょうし、兎にも角にも、「戦争反対」というのは私たち日本人にとって共通の願いというか、価値観として大きな力を持っていることは違いありません。

私ももちろん戦争には反対です。過去の大戦の歴史や、現在に至っても海外で起きている紛争のニュースを見るにつけ、平和に生きられていることの幸運・幸福に感謝せざるをえません。

しかし、多くの方々に怒られてしまいそうですが、気持ちとしては戦争に反対でも、私自身が「戦争反対」を声高に上げることについては、ある理由から私の中では少しばかり座りの悪いところがあって、ちょっと躊躇するところがあるんですよね。

その理由というのは、日本人が「戦争反対」を掲げることは実は傲慢な態度になりえるのではないかという懸念です。

もっと分かりやすく言うと、既に世界的には富裕層の地位を確立した日本人が「戦争反対」と言うのは、もしかすると「勝ち逃げ」に映ってしまいかねないのではということなんです。

以前、記事を書いたのですが、私は戦争というのは身内に対する「愛」から起きているのではないかと捉えています。

簡単にまとめると、愛する家族を守るため、やむを得ず他人から食料や財あるいは命を力づくで奪う、そんないわば最終手段が戦争ではないかということです。

身内を愛する気持ちが、他人を愛する気持ちよりも上回っているからこそ、奪えてしまう、殺せてしまうわけですね。

しかし、特定の人物を優先する気持ちこそがある意味「愛」の本質ですし、ここに「愛」のジレンマを私は感じています。

ですから、持たざる層が困窮し追い詰められた時、愛する者を守るために、富裕層から財を奪おうとする、それに対し富裕層も財や愛する人の命を守るため応戦あるいは先制攻撃する、それでついには戦争になる、そういう構図は一つ考えられるかと思います。

実際、第二次大戦時の日本も諸外国の経済包囲網で追いつめられて、やむを得ず開戦に踏み切ったという見方がポピュラーですよね。

さて、そんな構図が考えられる中で、富裕層側が「戦争反対」と言うします。

いかがでしょう?

持たざる層から見れば、「お前ら、裕福なくせに何言ってるんだ、ずるい」「俺達にも分けてから言え」という感情的な反発が起こりえると思いませんか?

既に自分たちが富裕層の立場を確立しているから、その地位――ある種の既得権益――を奪われたくないがために「戦争反対」を掲げてるんじゃないかという、「勝ち逃げ」の疑惑が生じてしまわないでしょうか?

もちろん、この理屈で言えば、富裕層側がちゃんとその財を持たざる層に分け与えていれば大丈夫ではあるのですが、では、日本という「富裕層」においては本当に「十分に」分け与えているでしょうか?

御存知の通り、歴史的に見ても日本は有数の移民が少ない国ですし、少子化に伴う移民受け入れ議論でも拒否反応を示す意見が少なくありません。

また、TPPなどの経済自由化の議論においても、「自国の農業や自動車産業を守れ」のような保護経済を求める声も根強いものがあります。

つまり、戦争のような暴力的な奪い合いはもちろん、経済面のような平和的な競争も拒否しているとなると、トランプゲームの「大富豪」で自分が「大富豪」になった途端に対戦を拒否している、そんなズルさに見えてしまわないでしょうか。

多くの方がそんなズルい気持ちからではなく、純粋に平和を願う気持ちから戦争に反対していることは分かっています。

しかし、純粋な気持ちだとしても外から見るとそうは思われない可能性があり、そして純粋な気持ちだからこそ万が一にもズルい態度に見られてしまいうるのは悲しい、私はそう思うのです。

純粋な気持ちから戦争に反対していても、既に裕福となった日本人が自らの保身のためにそう言っているだけではないかと思われてしまう可能性。

これが、私が感じる「日本人として戦争に反対することのジレンマ」です。

ですから、説得力のあるメッセージとして「戦争反対」を掲げようとするならば、そう言うだけでなく、他に保身だけでないという態度も合わせて示さなければなりません。

ここでは例として挙げるだけで、そうしろという政治的な意味ではありませんが、「戦争反対」の宣言とともに例えば先ほども挙げたような経済の自由化も提案したり、他国への援助の充実を図ったり、そういった「自分の身がカワイイだけではない」ことを示す何かが必要ではないでしょうか。

特に「日本を戦争する国にさせない」「自衛隊を戦場に行かせない」などと日本についての言葉が目立つメッセージを言う場合は、「自分たちのことしか考えてない」と思われないか注意しないといけないのではないかと思います。

さて、こう考えて、翻って私自身を見つめなおしてみると、私個人の戦争反対という気持ちも本当に純粋なものか正直自信がありません。

やはり、戦争反対の気持ちの中に、自分自身が戦争に巻き込まれたくない、死にたくないという保身の気持ちがないとは言い切れません。自分や家族のような同胞が戦争で死ぬかもしれないという恐怖と、遠く海外で起きている紛争での多数の戦死者のニュースを聞くときの胸の痛みが本当に同程度の重みを持っているかと言えば、恥ずかしながら怪しいものです。

そして、その一方で、じゃあ裕福な日本を経済面で諸外国に開放する気があるのかと言われると、それもまた不安があるのです。

なので、私は戦争に反対する気持ちはあるのですが、まだそれを声高には言えるような自信がないというか、資格がないというか、ジレンマの中にズッポリ落ち込んでしまっている、そういう状態なんです。

ひとつ、「保身で言っている」と開き直るのもいいのかもしれません。

しかし、そういった各個のエゴを認めると、外国の方が「日本人はズルい」と言うエゴも同時に認めなければならなくなります。

そして、各個のエゴが衝突し、それが解消されなければ、それはそれで結局戦争への道に突入してしまいうる可能性があります。

結局のところ、「戦争反対」を無私の心で言うためには、全人類への「普遍の愛」というかそういったものが必要で、聖人君子でない私にはなかなか難しいところのようなんです。

とまあ、私が「戦争」について考えるとこんな風にこんがらがってきてしまうのですが、ともかくも私個人のワガママな気持ちから言えば、「戦争には反対」です。

日本が戦争するような事態にならないことを祈っています。

P.S.

戦争のような暴力的な競争ではお互いに損失を被りますが、経済の平和的な競争ではお互いが損失を被るというわけではなくむしろwin-winの関係となるという考え方があります。

自由競争の帰結としての貧困や格差拡大に対する是正の処置が一方で必要になるとは思いますが、「大富豪」を勝ち逃げするのではなく、平和的な競争というある種の対等なコミュニケーションのテーブルに共に座っているという態度を示すのは、「戦争反対」を掲げる上で有効な手段なのかなと、(感情的にはまだ悩んでいるものの)理論的には思っています。

(2015年9月30日「雪見、月見、花見。」より転載)

安保法案反対、大規模デモ(2015年8月30日)
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Protesters hold anti-war placards in front of the National Diet building during a rally in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. The placards read âNo war,\" and \"Don\'t destroy Article 9 of the constitution.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters shout slogans during a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters shout slogans during a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. The placards reads âNo war,\" and \"Don\'t destroy Article 9 of the constitution.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015.Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters hold anti-war placards in front of the National Diet building during a rally in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. The placards read â We won\'t accept Abe politics,\" and a fan reads \"Peaceful Japan protects Article 9 of the constitution.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A protester shouts slogans during a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. Banners read \" Protect the constitution.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters shout slogans during a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters hold anti-war placards in front of the National Diet building during a rally in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. A placard at bottom center reads \"No War, No Nuke.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. The placards read âNo war.\" (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Protesters stage a rally in front of the National Diet building in Tokyo, Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Thousands of Japanese protested outside the parliament a set of security bills designed to expand the role the country\'s military. The bills - a cornerstone of Prime Minister\'s Shinzo Abe\'s move to shore up Japan\'s defenses in the face of growing threats in the region - are expected to pass next month despite criticism they undermine Japanâs post-war pacifism. (AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People hold up placards as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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People hold up placards as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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People hold up placards as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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A placard stating \'War is over! If you want it\' is carried as people take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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People hold up placards as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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People hold up placards as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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Protestors march with a large banner held up by black and white balloons as they take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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Police take security measures as people take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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Police take security measures as people take part in a protest against Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s security bills outside the National Diet building in Tokyo, Japan, on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2015. Abe\'s security bills passed parliament\'s lower house on July 16 as his push to expand the role of the military risks further eroding his public support. Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
2015/08/30 国会前(44 of45)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - AUGUST 30: Police take security measures as people take part a major protest near the National Diet Building on August 30, 2015, in Tokyo, Japan to voice opposition to security-related bills and Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s administration security policy. (Photo by David MAREUIL/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
2015/08/30 国会前(45 of45)
Open Image Modal
People shout slogans as they hold banners during an anti-government rally in front of the National Diet (background/top) in Tokyo on August 30, 2015 to protest against Japan\'s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\'s controversial security bills which would expand the remit of the country\'s armed forces. Tens of thousands of people took part in the rallies held around the Diet. AFP PHOTO / Toru YAMANAKA (Photo credit should read TORU YAMANAKA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TORU YAMANAKA via Getty Images)