WWF
主にインドネシアのスマトラ島とカリマンタン島（ボルネオ島インドネシア領）で、製紙原料を調達するために、自然の熱帯林を植林地へと転換してきた製紙メーカーAPP社。その操業が周囲の環境や社会、そして気候変動問題に及ぼしてきた影響は計り知れません。2015年10月、長年インドネシアにて同社の問題に関わってきたWWFインドネシアは、同社製品の購入企業および投資家への情報として、新たなアドバイザリー（勧告）を発表しました。
日本にも輸入される紙製品 その背景にあるもの
主にインドネシアのスマトラ島で、過去30年にわたり200万ヘクタール以上の熱帯林を紙の原料調達と、製紙原料を調達するための植林地として利用するために転換してきたシナル・マス・グループ（SMG）の製紙メーカー、APP（アジア・パルプ・アンド・ペーパー）社。同社が生産したコピー用紙やティッシュなどの紙製品は、日本でも多く流通しています。
大規模な自然林の破壊をともなったその操業は、スマトラトラやゾウなどといった絶滅の危機に瀕する野生生物の生息地減少といった環境面の問題だけでなく、地域社会との紛争という社会問題にも及びます。
2015年3月、APP社に原料を供給するサプライヤーの植林地で起きた警備員による村民殺害事件は、同社サプライヤーと地域社会との間で長く続いてきた社会紛争が深刻なものであることを象徴する事件となりました。
また、泥炭湿地と呼ばれる地中に大量の炭素を含み、本来植林にも適さないといわれる湿地を、植林地として使用するために水路をつくって水を抜き乾燥させることによる、大量の温室効果ガス排出は、気候変動問題への影響も懸念されてきました。
さらに毎年インドネシアの乾季になると発生する火災は、泥炭湿地を人為的に乾燥させた土地で特に起こりやすいうえ、泥炭層の深い部分で広がる火災は消火も難しく、2015年の火災により発生した温室効果ガス排出量は、10月下旬の時点で15億トン（CO2換算）を超え、2013年の日本の温室効果ガス排出量をも上回る量となりました。
WWFインドネシアと現地NGOが協働で森林のモニタリングを行うプロジェクト、アイズ・オン・ザ・フォレストは、火災地点の数が最も多かった企業グループは、SMG/APP社で、2015年1月から10月11日までの間にスマトラ島の泥炭地で確認された信頼度の高い火災地点の53%がAPP社のサプライヤーの植林地であったと発表しています。
数カ月以上続く火災によって発生する煙は、インドネシア国内はもちろんのこと、国境を越えたシンガポールなどでも人々の健康や地域の経済に影響を与えます。
9月下旬には、シンガポール政府の環境庁が「越境煙害法」に基づいて、SMG/APP社のサプライヤー4社とAPP社に対して「予防措置通知」を送り、その後シンガポールでは、同社の製造した紙製品が小売店の棚から取り除かれるなどの動きにもつながりました。
2015年10月、新たに発表したアドバイザリーにおいてWWFインドネシアは、SMG/APP社による「森林保護方針」とその後に発表された100万ヘクタールの森林再生と保全の計画の誓約において、いくつかの進展を認めつつも、同社の管理する土地では、依然として自然林の減少と違法伐採が続き、社会紛争も未解決のままであること、また100万ヘクタールの森林再生と保全に関しては、計画策定の初期段階にあり詳細が欠けることなど、多くの懸念があることを発表しました。
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