「ステージで踊れるなんて想像できなかった」視覚障害者の少女たちは、バレエで人生を豊かにしている

「彼女たちはレッスンに参加して学ぶだけでなく、人生を豊かにすることができるのです」
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写真左から22才のスージー、15才のイタリー、17才のロサウラ、13才のパティは初めてのダンス公演でステージに呼ばれるのを待っている。メキシコ南部のチアパス州。

ロレーナ・ニーヴァ先生は、心理療法とバレエを融合させたスタイルのダンスを使って、視覚障害者の少女たちが自信をつけ、絶望と戦い、自分自身の限界について考え直す手助けをしている。写真家のエヴァ・クリフォードは、スタジオでリハーサルをし、ステージ上で人々を魅了する少女たちの姿を捉えた。

メキシコの首都メキシコシティのとあるダンススタジオで、ロレーナ・ニーヴァはバレエ教室でバレエを教えている。「プシコバレエ」の国際コーディネーターであるニーヴァは、毎週末自宅から中部の都市プエブラまで80マイル(約130キロ)の距離を移動して少女たちにレッスンをしている。その少女たちは、修道女たちが運営するカーサ・ローサ・デ・ラ・トッレと呼ばれる施設で暮らす視覚障害者の子どもたちだ。彼女たちの年齢は9歳から22歳で、ニーヴァのレッスンを受ける少女たちはみんな、盲目か部分的にしか目が見えない状態だ。

音楽がかかるとニーヴァは少女たちを導き、声を使ったりそっと手で押すなどして彼女たちに動きを指示する。レッスンの前半はダンスの演目のリハーサルをして、後半は即興ダンスに充てられる。従来のバレエレッスンの堅苦しさと厳しさを打ち破り、ニーヴァは動きや遊戯にひらめきを与えるために布やゴムのリボンや椅子などをレッスンに取り入れる。

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メキシコシティで教えている即興ダンスと遊戯のレッスンで、ロレーナ・ニーヴァ先生は海にヒントを得た新しいダンスで波の動きを表現するために透き通るレースを使う。10歳のアレクサがレースの下で座っている。

「ダンスは1つの感覚で踊ることはできません」と、ニーヴァは言う。「ダンスは体全体で表現するものです。そして体の限界を利用して表現をするものです」。プシコバレエは1973年、キューバ人心理学者ジョージナ・ファリナス・ガルシアが「ダンスは生物としての人間の根幹だ」という信念に基いて、行動障害のある人たちへの支援活動の一環として発案された。現在プシコバレエは、発達障害者、視覚障害者、聴覚障害者、高齢者などさまざまな人たちのアクティビティに取り入れられている。

プシコバレエは、他のダンスと同じようにバランス感覚や姿勢や可動性を向上させ、さらに自尊心を与えて不安や絶望を減らすことができると、先生や支援者たちは話す。キューバでは2万人以上がこのダンスセラピーを受け、17カ国に広がっていると言われている。メキシコにこのキューバのダンスセラピーが伝わったのは1984年だった。

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ダンスのリハーサルをする少女たち。

「いつも新しい指導方法を発見できるのが本当にうれしいですね。そして新しい指導方法が見つかると、私自身をコンフォートゾーン(自分が楽をできる領域)から抜け出せるのです」とニーヴァは言う。彼女はさまざまな年齢層の、さまざまな人生経験をもつ人たちを指導しているが、視覚障害の少女たちへの指導がもっともやりがいがあると話す。「レッスンで楽しい時間を過ごす少女たちの姿を見たいと思っています。彼女たちはレッスンに参加して学ぶだけでなく、人生を豊かにすることができるのです」

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ニーヴァがパティスに腕の動かし方を指導している。メキシコ南部チアパス州にあるラ・ローサ・スクールで初めてダンスを披露する少女たちがステージに呼ばれる直前の様子

少女たちは、ニーヴァの指導から多くのものを得ている。「ニーヴァの指導はとても助けになっています」と、15歳のイタリーは話す。「私はうまく人と付き合えるようになったと思います。以前の私は人に突っかかっていましたし、行動も少し変でした。だからいろんなところでぶつかっていました。しかしそれはあるべき姿ではありません。あらゆる面で穏やかに振る舞わなくてはなりません。ダンスとは、体を動かして自分の中にあるものを表現することです」

2年前にダンスを始めた少女たちは、メキシコ各地で公演をしてきた。少女たちの中には、つい最近までそんなことは不可能だと思っていた子もいる。「レッスンに来て、たくさんのことを学んでいます」と、17歳のロサウラは話す。「ステージ上で踊れるなんて想像もできませんでした」

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公演の直後に、少女たちが輪になって祝福する。

少女たちはメキシコ南東部チアパス州にある学校で公演をした。ニーヴァ、彼女の夫アレジャンドロ、1995年から視覚障害者施設「カーサ・ローサ・デ・ラ・トッレ」を運営している理事長マザー・アントニナに付き添われて、少女たちはミニバスに乗り込み500マイル(約800キロ)の旅に出た。バスを道路脇に寄せると、少女たちはいきなり歌い始めた。音を出して合図をしなくても、全員が息を合わせて歌っている。「彼女たちはお祈りの歌を歌っているんです」と、アレジャンドは話す。バスの前の席では、マザー・アントニナが微笑んでいた。17時間に及ぶ移動で窮屈なバスには熱気がこもっているが、山を超えてトナラでバスを降りるまで、笑い声と歌い声が夜まで響き続けた。トナラはチアパス州にある119の市町村のうちの1つだ。

翌朝、バスは長い道のりを走ってビーチに到着した。少女たちはバスを降りて、砂の上に星形になって寝そべった。ほとんどの少女たちには、初めての海だ。ニーヴァは少女たちに新しい経験をさせたいと思っている。そして後に、海辺まで旅した少女たちの姿からヒントを得て、ニーヴァは新しいダンスを作った。

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チアパス州のプエトロ・アリスタ・ビーチで、ニーヴァは少女たちを海へと誘導した。

その日のうちに少女たちはラ・ローサ・スクールでステージに上がった。彼女たちは、前の週のリハーサルで見せたときと同じく、優雅にダンスを披露した。2つ目の演目には、視覚障害と自閉症を抱える9歳の少年マニュエルが加わった。彼は視覚障害者施設で暮らす子どもたちの中でも最年少で、たった一人の男の子だ。

若いダンサーたちが、灰色の空の下、学校の屋外競技場をあてもなく歩いた。雨の最初の1滴が落ちると、彼女たちはステージをはさんでアーチ状に並び、最後に全員が動きを止めて空に向かって手を伸ばした。もし公演の前に紹介されていなければ、おそらく誰も彼女たちが視覚障害者であることに気が付かなかっただろう。

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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ブラジルのバレエ少女たち
(01 of23)
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Young ballet students gather during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(02 of23)
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A young ballet student stands outside after her ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(03 of23)
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Young ballet students gather during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(04 of23)
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Young ballet students gather during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(05 of23)
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Young ballet students play outside before their ballet class begins at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(06 of23)
Open Image Modal
Young ballet students walk outside before their ballet class begins at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(07 of23)
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Young ballet students gather outside after their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(08 of23)
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Young ballet students gather outside after their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(09 of23)
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Young ballet students practice during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(10 of23)
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Young ballet students practice during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(11 of23)
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Young ballet students practice during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(12 of23)
Open Image Modal
A young ballet student stands outside after her ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(13 of23)
Open Image Modal
Young ballet students practice during their ballet class at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(14 of23)
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A young ballet student waits outside before her ballet class begins at the Museu da Mare in the occupied Complexo da Mare, one of the largest favela complexes in Rio, on August 19, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Around 100 students study ballet at the museum. The Brazilian government has currently deployed around 2,400 federal troops to occupy the group of violence-plagued favelas. The deployment was initially scheduled to be completed July 31. The group of 16 communities house around 130,000 residents and had been dominated by drug gangs and militias. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
(15 of23)
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In this Aug. 6, 2014 photo, ballet instructor Joana Machado instructs young girls at her House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods of downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. âWe see all kinds of stories here. From girls who havenât showered in days, who donât know how to brush their teeth, who are locked inside their homes all day,â said Machado. âI feel always responsible for their lives, always worried about what may happen. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(16 of23)
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In this Aug. 8, 2014 photo, girls participate in a ballet class at the House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. Growing up amid drug dealers and addicts, some girls have yet to learn how to read. Yet they are learning the graceful art of ballet courtesy of a local church group that also offers them food, counseling and Bible studies. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(17 of23)
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In this Aug. 8, 2014 photo, girls participate in a ballet class at the House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. Twice a week, more than 20 girls, ages 5 through 12, board a Volkswagen van for a 10-minute ride to class, where they put on pink or black tights and ballet shoes donated by a dance wear store. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(18 of23)
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In this Aug. 8, 2014 photo, a church worker walks ballet student Maria home after her ballet class at The House of Dreams dance studio in a neighborhood overrun by crack addicts, called \"Crackland,\" in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. Girls growing up in favelas are more likely to become pregnant as teens, and the last 2010 census found the rate of illiteracy was twice as high in the slums than in other areas of Brazil. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(19 of23)
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In this Aug. 6, 2014 photo, girls learn ballet at The House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods of downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. The young dancers hope to catch the eye of a respected Brazilian ballerina who recruits dozens of disadvantaged girls for an annual workshop. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(20 of23)
Open Image Modal
In this Aug. 6, 2014 photo, ballet instructor Joana Machado instructs young girls at her House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods of downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. âWe see all kinds of stories here. From girls who havenât showered in days, who donât know how to brush their teeth, who are locked inside their homes all day,â said Machado. âI feel always responsible for their lives, always worried about what may happen.â (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(21 of23)
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In this Aug. 8, 2014 photo, girls sit together as they take a ballet class at the House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods of downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. The time spent focused on grace and control is far removed from the girlsâ daily lives. Many are being raised by parents who are recovering from or are addicted to drugs. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(22 of23)
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In this Aug. 6, 2014 photo, girls jump rope during ballet class at the House of Dreams dance studio in one of the roughest neighborhoods, known as Crackland, in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. Russians largely introduced classical ballet to Brazil in the 1920s, when dancers began immigrating and established dance companies in cities like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(23 of23)
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In this Aug. 6, 2014 photo, girls participate in a ballet class at the House of Dreams dance studio in Crackland, one of the roughest neighborhoods of downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil. Some of the students live with relatives who are drug dealers, or they have been abandoned and taken in by neighbors. (AP Photo/Andre Penner) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)

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