EU離脱引き金に「イギリス解体」の危機 ウェールズでも独立の動き

国民投票後のイギリスでは、国を構成する各地域でEUへの残留を図るために独立を目指す動きが相次いでいる。
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「EU離脱」を決めた国民投票後、イギリスを構成する各地域では、EUへの残留を図るため独立を目指す動きが相次いでいる。

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青:イングランド、緑:ウェールズ、黄:スコットランド、 赤:北アイルランド

イギリス、正式名称「グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国」(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)は、イングランド、ウェールズ、スコットランド、 北アイルランドの各地域から成る。

残留票が62%を占めたスコットランドでは、自治政府のニコラ・スタージョン首相が「EU内での地位を保証するため」に、EUとの協議を早急に始めたい意向を示している。スコットランドの内閣は、住民投票の実施を目指す方針だ。スタージョン首相は「スコットランドの将来がEU内にある」と明言した

56%が残留を支持した北アイルランドでも、マクギネス副首相が、アイルランド民族主義政党シン・フェイン党が要求するアイルランド統一の是非を問う国民投票の実施を訴えた。独立後にはアイルランドとの統合を求める声もあがっている

離脱派が国民投票で過半数を占めたウェールズでも、地域政党「プライド・カムリ(ウェールズ党)」を率いるリアーン・ウッド氏が6月27日、「EUに残るためにウェールズも独立を目指す」とイギリスのテレビ局ITVとのインタビューで述べた

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イギリス政界の重鎮2人、メージャー元首相(左)とブレア元首相

こうした事態を予測していたのが、イギリス政界の重鎮2人だった。国民投票前の9日、保守党のメージャー元首相と労働党のブレア元首相が北アイルランドの大学で揃って講演。メージャー氏は「世界史上、最も成功した国家連合が解体してしまう恐れがある」と述べた。またブレア氏も「北アイルランドの将来や連合王国を危機にさらす」と発言し、国民投票のせいで北アイルランドの独立や、ひいては連合王国(イギリス)が分裂する可能性があると警鐘を鳴らしていた

■次期イギリス首相は誰に?

週が明け、イギリスではEU離脱に向けた具体的な動きが始まった。ロイターによると、与党・保守党はキャメロン首相の辞任表明を受け、9月上旬までに新たな首相を選出する見通しだという。

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次期首相の最有力とされるボリス・ジョンソン前ロンドン市長

次期首相の有力候補には、保守党の下院議員で「EU離脱」の旗振り役だったボリス・ジョンソン前ロンドン市長の名前が取り沙汰されている。2012年のロンドンオリンピックを成功に導き、カリスマ的な人気を誇る。その一方、過激な言動でも知られ、時に「イギリスのトランプ」とも呼ばれる

ただ、国論を二分した国民投票の影響は甚だしく、投票やり直しを求める署名は350万人を超えた。「Brexit(英国のEU離脱)を後悔する」という意味の「Regrexit」(Regretとexitの造語)も生まれた。保守党内でも、首相の座を狙って離脱派のになったとしてジョンソン氏を批判する声も強まっており、情勢は不透明だ。

■EU側「事前交渉は不可能」

EU側は、イギリスに対し厳しい態度で臨んでいる。キャメロン首相は27日に議会で、離脱意思をEU側に正式通知する時期について、「その前に我々が望むEUとの関係を決める必要がある」と発言。通知前の事前交渉を求める姿勢を明らかにした

これに対し、ドイツ・フランス・イタリアは27日に緊急首脳会談を開き、イギリスが離脱を通知するまで交渉に応じない方針で一致した。ドイツのメルケル首相は「(離脱交渉を開始する)EU基本条約(リスボン条約)50条の発動が必要で、それまでは一段の対応は不可能との考えで一致した」と明言。交渉開始条件となる離脱通知の時期をめぐって、「駆け引きに発展しないことを祈る」と、イギリスをけん制した

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