「殺された方がまし」暴力から逃げた中米の難民、北米を目指す途中で68%が再び暴力にさらされる

「こんなことを言うのは恥ずかしいですが、殺されていた方がましだったと思います」
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メキシコのソノラ州、たき火で身を暖めるホンジュラスからの移民たち。2017年1月13日。

「首にナイフを突きつけられたので、抵抗しませんでした」。ホンジュラスからの難民女性の1人が詳細を語った。北米に向かう途中、拉致され、レイプされたと主張している。「こんなことを言うのは恥ずかしいですが、殺されていた方がましだったと思います」

匿名の35歳の女性は、メキシコにたどり着くために4度目の挑戦をしているとき、連邦警察の後ろ盾をもつ「ならず者の集団」に襲われた、と国境なき医師団に語った。彼女はそこからギャングに引き渡され、レイプされたという。

「こういったことは、残念ですが珍しくありません」と、国境なき医師団のアメリカ事務局長ジェイソン・コーン氏は11日、国境なき医師団の近況報告を公開する報道陣向けのイベントで語った。

国連によると、毎年数十万人がメキシコに渡っている。その多くはエルサルバドル、ホンジュラス、グアテマラからアメリカ合衆国へ向かう人々だ。中米のこれらの国は「北部三角地帯」として知られている。

カナダも、中米北部三角地帯や世界中の非常事態にある地域からメキシコ経由で逃れる亡命申請者たちの、共通の目的地となっている。カナダの移民当局は、亡命申請とアメリカからの不法入国が最近急増していることに気付いている。

「中米の北部三角地帯から来る何百万もの人々の日常生活は、恐怖と暴力に支配されているのです」と、国境なき医師団は報告した。「メキシコへ無理やり逃亡しても、それは終わらないのが現実です」

国境なき医師団は、情報収集と、移民と難民数百人の聞き取り調査に2年を費やした。中米北部三角地帯の危険と暴力から逃げてくる人々が北部の経路を通るとき、どのような「再被害」に遭っているのかを記録するためだ。

調査結果は惨憺たるものだった。68%の人々が、メキシコで暴力の被害に遭ったと述べ、女性のおよそ3分の1は性的虐待を受けたと報告した。加害者と考えられている人たちの中には、ギャングのメンバーとメキシコ治安部隊の隊員たちが含まれる、と移民たちは国境なき医師団に証言している。

「北部三角地帯を通ってメキシコへ向かった人々の多くは脅されていました」と、コーン氏は述べた。「こうした人々を保護する対策が必要です。彼らを密航させる人間たちの元に戻してはいけません」

しかし、メキシコやアメリカ合衆国は移民取り締まりを強化し、拘留や強制送還も辞さない強硬姿勢に転じた。結局、移民や難民は強制送還されてしまう恐れがある、と国境なき医師団は報告の中で警告した。

エルサルバドル、ホンジュラス、グアテマラでは暴力と殺人の発生率が極めて高いが、アメリカ合衆国とメキシコが受け入れる中米北部三角地帯からの亡命者数は少ないままだ。2016年、メキシコ政府は中米北部三角地帯出身の14万1990人を強制送還した。

「深刻な非常事態です。メキシコ政府が自国の法律や国際法を遵守するだけでなく、アメリカ合衆国とカナダの両政府が解決のために協力することも求められます」と、コーン氏は語った。「誰であろうとも、迫害や死に怯える国へ送り返されるべきではありません」

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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