オバマ大統領がチェルシー・マニング元上等兵に恩赦 イラク空爆などで内部告発

5月17日に釈放される見込み。
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Chelsea Manning is pictured in this 2010 photograph obtained on August 14, 2013.Courtesy U.S. Army/Handout via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. EDITORIAL USE ONLY
Handout . / Reuters

アメリカのホワイトハウスは1月17日、内部告発サイト「ウィキリークス」におよそ75万ページの機密文書を漏洩した罪で禁錮35年の実刑判決を受けたトランスジェンダーのチェルシー・マニング元上等兵に恩赦を与え減刑した。マニング元上等兵は5月17日に釈放される見込み。

ニューヨークタイムズによると、オバマ大統領は任期満了を20日に控え、受刑者64人に特赦を与えたほか、209人の減刑を決め、マニング上等兵はそのうちの1人となった。

マニング元上等兵は、陸軍で情報分析官としてイラクで勤務し、2010年にウィキリークスへ機密文書を漏洩させていることを告白した。漏洩させた情報の中には、アメリカ軍のヘリコプターが民間人やロイター通信の記者を攻撃した動画も含まれる。

【閲覧注意:下の動画には、一部ショッキングな映像が含まれます】

マニング上等兵は2010年から服役し、2013年、彼女にはスパイ活動防止法その他に違反したとして懲役35年の判決が下された。彼女を反逆者と見る人たちがいる一方で、内部告発をした英雄とみなす人も数多く存在する。

この件が発表される前に、司法省内の情報筋が、オバマ大統領の恩赦のリストにマニング元上等兵の減刑が載っていることをNBCニュースに伝えた。

みなさんどうもありがとう。本当に光栄です

国家安全保障局(NSA)の機密情報を漏洩した元局員のエドワード・スノーデン氏は11日、マニング元上等兵への恩赦を求めるツイートをしていた。

大統領、ホワイトハウスを出る際に恩赦を与えてくれないでしょうか。お願いします。 チェルシー・マニングを釈放してください。彼女の人生を救うことができるのはあなただけです。

マニング元上等兵は2016年11月、刑期の短縮を求めていた。

「私は自分の有罪判決について恩赦をお願いしているわけではないのです」と、彼女はニューヨークタイムズに掲載された声明の中で記した。「軍法会議での有罪判決で、さまざまな私の記録が永久に残ることは理解しています。私が唯一求めている救済は、6年間拘束された軍事刑務所からの釈放です。私にはアメリカの国益を損ねるつもりはななく、すべての軍人の名誉を傷つける意図はありませんでした」

ウィキリークスの創設者ジュリアン・アサンジ氏は、ウィキリークスのツイートの中で、もしマニング元上等兵が釈放されたら、自分はアメリカへの送還に同意するつもりだと発表した。

明らかに司法省の違憲行為ではあるが、オバマ大統領がマニングに寛大な措置を与えれば、アサンジはアメリカの身柄引き渡し要求に応じるだろう

オバマ政権は内部告発者を敵視してきたことで長く批判されてきたが、今回の減刑は方針転換したことを意味する。またマニング元上等兵にとって長く、時として非常に厳しかった道のりも終わることになる。

「大統領が正しいことをし、チェルシー・マニングに対する減刑をするということで、安堵し、感謝しています」と、アメリカ自由人権協会LGBTプロジェクトの弁護士、チェース・ストランジオ氏は述べた。「今回の措置は、文字通りチェルシーの命を救うものになります。そして世界をより良い場所にするために身を捧げ、多くの人たちのために戦いを挑んだ女性チェルシー・マニングが釈放されると知って皆とても幸せです」

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チェルシー・マニングを応援するロンドンのデモ

マニング元上等兵は9月に、性適合手術を求めてハンガーストライキ(断食ストライキ)を行い、LGBTQコミュニティの英雄となった。マニング元上等兵は出生時は男性だったが、現在は自分を女性と自認している。マニング元上等兵の手術を軍が認めたため、ストライキは終わった。

マニング元上等兵は2017年になってすでに2回自殺を試みており、独房に監禁されている。

「人生で一度もチャンスに恵まれず、とても頭がいいのに、あることで感情的にとても苦しみ、一度判断を誤ったあと、その報いを受けた人間、それが彼なんです」と、マニングの叔母デボラ・マニングさんはNBCニュースに語った。

ハフィントンポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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マニング上等兵 画像集
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial on August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial on August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: U.S. Army Private First Class Bradley Manning (2nd R) is escorted by military police after he was sentenced to 35 years in prison August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was sentenced to 35-years in prison and dishonorably discharged after he was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial on August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial on August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he arrives for his sentencing at military court facility for the sentencing phase of his trial on August 21, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 20: US Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted out of a military court facility during the sentencing phase of his trial August 20, 2013 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning was found guilty of several counts under the Espionage Act, but acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: Protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: Protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: Protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: Protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: Michael McKee mounts a sign on a fence as protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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FORT MEADE, MD - AUGUST 21: (R to L) Emma Cape,Jeff Paterson and Farah Muhsin arrive to set up as protesters with the Bradley Manning Support Network hold a vigil while waiting to hear Manning\'s sentence on August 21, 2013 outside the gate of Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, but found not guilty of aiding the enemy, for sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs as well as diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks during his service in 2009 and 2010 as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad. (Photo by T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Protestors call for the release of Bradley Manning, the Army private accused of sharing a large cache of classified military intelligence with the Web site WikiLeaks, March 20, 2011. As many as 30 protesters were arrested near Quantico Marine Corps Base at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration of about 400 people at Quantico, near Manassas. Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Daniel Gutierez, from Ashville, NC, and other protestors call for the release of Bradley Manning, the Army private accused of sharing a large cache of classified military intelligence with the Web site WikiLeaks, March 20, 2011. As many as 30 protesters were arrested near Quantico Marine Corps Base at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration of about 400 people at Quantico, near Manassas. Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Protestors call for the release of Bradley Manning, the Army private accused of sharing a large cache of classified military intelligence with the Web site WikiLeaks, March 20, 2011. As many as 30 protesters were arrested near Quantico Marine Corps Base at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration of about 400 people at Quantico, near Manassas. Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Protestors wear masks of Bradley Manning\'s face during a protest calling for the release of Manning, the Army private accused of sharing a large cache of classified military intelligence with the Web site WikiLeaks, March 20, 2011. As many as 30 protesters were arrested near Quantico Marine Corps Base at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration of about 400 people at Quantico, near Manassas. Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Protestors stuck stickers of Bradley Manning\'s face on the shields of the riot police, during a protest for Manning on March 20, 2011. As many as 30 protesters were arrested near Quantico Marine Corps Base at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration of about 400 people at Quantico, near Manassas. (Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: A protester is detained at a rally calling for the release of Bradley Manning. Photographed March 20, 2010 in Quantico, Virginia. (Photo by Evelyn Hockstein/For The Washington Post via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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QUANTICO, VA - MARCH 20: Supporters of Bradley Manning protest his imprisonment near Quantico Marine Corps base, March 20, 2011. More than two dozen people were arrested during the protest, including Daniel Ellsberg, a former military analyst. The arrests came at the end of a largely peaceful demonstration. (Photo by Evelyn Hockstein for The Washington Post via Getty Images (credit:Getty Images)
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WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 14: Code Pink for Peace demonstrators protest the resignation of State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley and the detention of U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning in front of the U.S. State Department March 14, 2011 in Washington, DC. Two days after saying the treatment of accused WikiLeaker Bradley Manning was \'ridiculous and counterproductive and stupid,\' Crowley resigned. The demonstrators stripped their clothing off to protest against the treatment of Manning, who has been allegedly held naked in a Marine Corps base in Virginia after being accused of leaking information to the Wikileaks website. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Supporters of Wikileaks founder Julian A(33 of49)
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Supporters of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange display photographs of Assange (C) and US serviceman Bradley Manning (R) outside the High Court in central London, on July 12, 2011. WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange arrived at the High Court in London on Tuesday to start his appeal against a ruling that he can be extradited to Sweden to face allegations of rape. AFP PHOTO/Leon Neal (Photo credit should read LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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MADRID, SPAIN - JULY 24: A protester, wearing an anonymous mask, holds up a sign demanding the release of Bradley Manning, the US soldier accused of passing restricted material to the website WikiLeaks, during a demonstration on July 24, 2011 in Madrid, Spain. The indignants have come from across the country to protest high levels of unemployment, the austerity measures and what they consider a stagnant and corrupt political system. (Photo by Denis Doyle/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Article 32 Military Hearing Held For Bradley Manning At Fort Meade(35 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - DECEMBER 16: Supporters of U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning, an Army intelligence analyst, hold vigil outside the gates of U.S. Army Fort George G. Meade where Manning\'s Article 32 preliminary hearing will begin December 18, 2011 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning is accused of disclosing more than 260,000 diplomatic cables, more than 90,000 intelligence reports on the war in Afghanistan and one video of a military helicopter attack to WikiLeaks, a Web site dedicated to publishing secret documents. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Article 32 Military Hearing Held For Bradley Manning At Fort Meade(36 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - DECEMBER 16: Supporters of U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning, an Army intelligence analyst, hold vigil outside the gates of U.S. Army Fort George G. Meade where Manning\'s Article 32 preliminary hearing will begin December 18, 2011 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning is accused of disclosing more than 260,000 diplomatic cables, more than 90,000 intelligence reports on the war in Afghanistan and one video of a military helicopter attack to WikiLeaks, a Web site dedicated to publishing secret documents. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Article 32 Military Hearing Held For Bradley Manning At Fort Meade(37 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - DECEMBER 16: Supporters of U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning, an Army intelligence analyst, hold vigil outside the gates of U.S. Army Fort George G. Meade where Manning\'s Article 32 preliminary hearing will begin December 18, 2011 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning is accused of disclosing more than 260,000 diplomatic cables, more than 90,000 intelligence reports on the war in Afghanistan and one video of a military helicopter attack to WikiLeaks, a Web site dedicated to publishing secret documents. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Article 32 Military Hearing Held For Bradley Manning At Fort Meade(38 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - DECEMBER 16: Pfc. Bradley Manning (C) is escorted from his his Article 32 hearing December 16, 2011 in Fort Meade, Maryland. Manning is accused of disclosing more than 260,000 diplomatic cables, more than 90,000 intelligence reports on the war in Afghanistan and one video of a military helicopter attack to WikiLeaks, a Web site dedicated to publishing secret documents. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Supporters of Wikileaks founder Julian A(39 of49)
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Supporters of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange and US soldier Bradley Manning, who allegedly funneled hundreds of thousands of classified US documents to WikiLeaks, and media stand with placards outside the Supreme Court in central London on February 1, 2012 on the first day of his appeal against extradition. Assange took his fight against extradition to Britain\'s Supreme Court On February 1, arguing that sending him to Sweden over rape allegations would breach legal principles dating back 1,500 years. AFP PHOTO / LEON NEAL (Photo credit should read LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 06: Supporters of accused WikiLeaks whistleblower Bradley Manning protest in front of the Democratic National Committee headquarters, on September 6, 2012 in Washington, DC. The protesters delivered a letter to be given to President Obama supporting Manning\'s innocence. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 06: Supporters of accused WikiLeaks whistleblower Bradley Manning protest in front of the Democratic National Committee headquarters on September 6, 2012 in Washington, DC. The protesters delivered a letter to be given to President Obama supporting Manning\'s innocence. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - JULY 27: Activists demonstrate against the electronic surveillance tactics of the NSA and in support of whistleblowers Bradley Manning and Edward Snowden on July 27, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. The NSA scandal has been especially contentious in Germany after media reports claimed the NSA had conducted wide scale gathering of electonic data, including e-mails, of German citizens. Activists are demonstrating against the NSA in cities across Germany today. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Demonstrators Protest NSA Surveillance(46 of49)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - JULY 27: Activists demonstrate in support of former NSA employee Edward Snowden and U.S. soldier Bradley Manning while protesting against the electonic surveillance tactics of the NSA on July 27, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. The NSA scandal has been especially contentious in Germany after media reports claimed the NSA had conducted wide scale gathering of electonic data, including e-mails, of German citizens. Activists are demonstrating against the NSA in cities across Germany today. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest NSA Surveillance(47 of49)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - JULY 27: A participant whistles through his fingers as a sign behind shows support for U.S. soldier and whistleblower Bradley Manning at a protest march against the electonic surveillance tactics of the NSA on July 27, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. The NSA scandal has been especially contentious in Germany after media reports claimed the NSA had conducted wide scale gathering of electonic data, including e-mails, of German citizens. Activists are demonstrating against the NSA in cities across Germany today. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Verdict Delivered In The Court Martial Of Bradley Manning(48 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - JULY 30: U.S. Army Private First Class Bradley Manning is escorted by military police as he leaves his military trial after he was found guilty of 20 out of 21 charges, July 30, 2013 Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning, was found not guilty of aiding the enemy, was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, is accused of sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs and more than 250,000 diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks while he was working as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad in 2009 and 2010. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Verdict Delivered In The Court Martial Of Bradley Manning(49 of49)
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FORT MEADE, MD - JULY 30: U.S. Army Private First Class Bradley Manning (C) is escorted by military police as he leaves his military trial after he was found guilty of 20 out of 21 charges, July 30, 2013 Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Manning, was found not guilty of aiding the enemy, was convicted of wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the internet, is accused of sending hundreds of thousands of classified Iraq and Afghanistan war logs and more than 250,000 diplomatic cables to the website WikiLeaks while he was working as an intelligence analyst in Baghdad in 2009 and 2010. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)