初めてのシカゴにて:北米神経科学年会の変遷と神経科学大学院プログラム

知られざる「学会」の世界とは。しかもアメリカで開かれた学会はスマホ対応や検索機能など、こんなに進化を遂げているのだ。

この10年ほど、ほぼ毎年、北米神経科学学会(Society for Neuroscience, SfN)の年会に参加していますが、6年前のシカゴは不参加でした。飛行機の乗り換え地としては何度も通過していますが、今回、初めてシカゴ市内に降り立ちました。街の印象としては、ある種、「もっとも<アメリカ的>な都市」とでも言うべき雰囲気があります。道路の広さ、建物の大きさ、人的構成など。

一番最初は、規模がただただ「大きい」ことにびっくりしたSfNですが、時代の変化に合わせて運営が変わって来ました。私が初めて参加した頃は、毎日の分がまとまった分冊の抄録集とPCでの演題検索が並行していました。事前にセレクトした演題のコピーなどを持ってくるか、会場にずらっと並んだPCで検索して、その場でプリントという時代もありました。やがて演題検索アプリが進化し、今年のものは高い完成度になっています。興味を持った演題のMy Scheduleへの登録も簡便になり、お気に入りマークやコメントを付けることも可能。口演の会場が知りたかったら「ドロップピン」のマークをiPhone/iPadタップすれば、別画面の会場案内図上にピンが落ちてくるようになっていました。ついに、今年からは原則オンライン検索で、抄録集はお金を払って買うことになっています。でもだからといって参加費は安くなっていないですね。

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3万人以上の参加者がいる学会なので、昔は大きな「メッセージボード」があり、ピンでメモを止めていましたが、それがオンライン検索になり、今や、携帯もスマホのSNS機能もあるので、メッセージボードは必要無くなりました。これも時代の流れ。シンポジウムスピーカーなどの抄録が無い(ポスターや、いわゆる口頭発表に相当するnanosymposiumの演題は審査されるので抄録必須)というのも、種々、情報公開等の問題からの変化だと思われました。

だだっ広いポスター会場を歩きまわるので、普段より運動している気がします。そもそもこの学会に参加しようと思ったのは、神経発生分野から、精神疾患の動物モデルに研究フィールドを広げようと考えて、情報収集のためだったのですが、DevelopmentのカテゴリーのポスターはAで、精神疾患などはQQだったか何かで、とにかく会場の端から端まで走り回った(おっと、オヤジギャクになってしまった......ww)のですが、数年前から、CがDisorders of the Nervous Systemとなったので、少し距離が短くなりました。ポスターは午前午後張替えで土曜日午後から水曜日午後まで9セッションありますが、History, Teaching, Public Awareness, and Social Impacts in NeuroscienceというカテゴリーHのものは期間中ずっと掲示されます。このあたり、コミュニティを支える層の厚さを感じます。二次元に印刷したポスターだけでなく、Dynamic Poster Presentationという、大きなモニタで動画データなどを示すスタイルも、数年前から始まったプレゼンテーションです。

今回の学会参加のメインの目的は、Graduate Programs for Neuroscienceのブースを訪れて情報収集することでした。全米から数十のプログラムが参画していて、担当者が大学院進学希望の学生さんに説明するコーナーは賑わっていました。もちろん、超有名どころの大学院は、そのようなリクルート作戦を取らなくても良いのですが、そうでない大学院は、それぞれの特徴や利点などを説明するのに必死です。数年前には理化学研究所や沖縄科学技術大学院大学のブースもあったのですが、今年は出ていませんでした。米国以外では、フランスのブースと、NIH-UCLおよびNIH-Karolinska Instituteのプログラムが出ていました。どのプログラムでも大学院生には経済的な支援があります。米国であれば、最初の2年くらいがプログラムによる支援、その後は各研究室主催者もしくは大学院生が申請して得られる研究費やフェローシップでの支援が一般的と思います。日本のように、日本学生支援機構からの「ローン」(返済が必須)中心の体制では、今後、世界から優秀な人材を集めることは難しいように思います。

学会、すなわちmeetingは、人に「会って」情報交換することが本来の目的です。なので、口頭発表やポスター発表や会場の中だけが出会いの場ではありません。例えば、2日目の夜に開催されたCajal Clubという名前のSponsored Socialは、神経科学学会設立より前から作られた伝統ある「大脳皮質の発生」を中心とした研究者の集まりです。Sponsoredという意味は、学会が会場費などを支援していて、各自、ビールやワインなどの飲み物を買って(買わなくても良い)、会場にはスナック(いわゆる乾き物ですね)のみ用意してあるというスタイル。18:45から20:30くらいまで開いているのですが、ここに立ち寄れば、仲良しの研究者に挨拶することが可能です。各種のAwardも出していて、プレゼンもいくつか為されました(途中で抜けだしたので詳細不明)。一方、3日目の夜にはDevelopmental NeurobiologyのSponsored Socialがありました。こちらも神経発生関係者の集まりなのですが、Cajal Clubよりも若い方たちが多い印象でした。とにかく、学会本体は3万人超えなので、全体の懇親会などは不可能。それぞれの関係者が集まるソーシャルに寄って、じゃぁ、ご飯を食べに行こうというような流れが一般的なのだと思います。

ソーシャル的なイベントは並行していくつも開催されているのですが、出版社のレセプションもあります。この日は、事前に神経発生のソーシャルに寄ります、と連絡しておいた研究者と、プレゼン前に実験手法のことを教えた後にハシゴして、エルゼビア社のレセプションに行きました。日本の神経科学学会のオフィシャル・ジャーナルであるNeuroscience Researchという雑誌のEditorial Boardに入っているので、毎年ご招待を頂くのです。遅くなったためか、日本人が誰もいなかったので、近くの面識無い外国人の方に「東北大学の大隅典子と言います。あなたはどのような研究をされているのですか?」などと話しかけてみると、「鳴禽songbirdの歌学習機構について研究しています」とのこと。自分では研究していませんが、興味ある分野だったので結構、話が盛り上がりました。「ヒトと鳴禽にのみ見られる特殊な脳の領域がある、でも齧歯類には無いので、きっと複雑な音声コミュニケーションに重要なのでは?」とのことだったので、「それってクジラではどうなのですか?」と訊いてみたところ「それは面白い! でもクジラの脳って手に入る?」と言うので、「日本は調査捕鯨をしているので、なんとかなるかも......」と答えておきました。

この方のお名前で検索かけると発表演題4つが挙がってきて、さらに登録してあるe-mailアドレスにすぐにメールが送れるようになっていました! 今回の学会アプリは最強! 唯一の問題は、会場にスタバが足りなさすぎることか(店員の仕事が非効率過ぎるせいもあるかも)......。

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今晩はPresidential Receptionが、かのユニオン駅で開催されます!

(2015年10月21日「大隅典子の仙台通信」より転載)

アメリカで開かれた災害ロボット競技会
Robotics Challenge(01 of23)
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Members from the University of Tokyo check out their robot, HRP-2, that stalled during a stage to open a door in the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Robotics Challenge(02 of23)
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Robot Running Man from the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition gets out of a vehicle to proceed to the next stage during the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
US-JAPAN-SCIENCE-DARPA ROBOTICS(03 of23)
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The humanoid robot named \'Thor\' designed by students from Virginia Tech is on display during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California, on June 5, 2015. The competition has 24 teams vying to develop robots capable of assisting humans in responding to natural and man-made disasters. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
Robotics Challenge(04 of23)
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Robot Running Man from the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition cuts a hole in the wall with a spiral cutter during a competition in the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
DARPA Robotics Challenge Showcases Cutting Edge In Artificial Intelligence(05 of23)
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POMONA, CA - JUNE 05: Members of Team Aero from the University of Tokyo prepare their robot in the \'Meet the Robots\' area of th Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex June 5, 2015 in Pomona, California. Organized by DARPA, the Pentagon\'s science research group, 24 teams from around the world are competing for $3.5 million in prize money that will be awarded to the robots that best respond to natural and man-made disasters. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Chip Somodevilla via Getty Images)
Robotics Challenge(06 of23)
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Robot Warner from Worchester Polytechnic Institute drives a vehicle through the first stage in the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Robotics Challenge(07 of23)
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Robot Warner from Worchester Polytechnic Institute climbs stairs in the final stage in the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(08 of23)
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The robot \'Momaro\' developed by Team NimbRo Rescue from the Germany prepares to complete a task during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(09 of23)
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The robot \'CHIMP\' developed by Team Tartan Rescue from the US prepares to complete a task during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(10 of23)
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The robot \'Warner\' developed by Team WPI-CMU from the US steps over an uneven obstacle during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
Robotics Challenge(11 of23)
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University of Tokyo robot Aero DRC stalls at the time limit in the first stage of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(12 of23)
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The robot \'RoboSimian\' developed by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory completes a task during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-SCIENCE-DARPA ROBOTICS(13 of23)
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The robot named \'Jaxon\' developed by Team NEDO-JSK from Japan is carried out on a stretcher after falling during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California, on June 5, 2015. The competition has 24 teams vying to develop robots capable of assisting humans in responding to natural and man-made disasters. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-GERMANY-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(14 of23)
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The robot \'Florian\' developed by Team ViGIR from Germany malfunctions and falls over during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea went diode-to-diode in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(15 of23)
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The robot named \'Meccano\' watches the action during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(16 of23)
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Members of the Team KAIST from South Korea celebrate after their robot \'DRC-Hubo\' won the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(17 of23)
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A robotic cheetah runs during a demonstration at the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(18 of23)
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The robot named \'Jaxon\' developed by Team NEDO-JSK from Japan malfunctions during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
Robotics Challenge(19 of23)
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University of Tokyo robot Aero DRC tumbles over during the first stage of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(20 of23)
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The humanoid robot \'DRC-Hubo\' developed by Team KAIST from South Korea completes a task before winning the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
US-JAPAN-DISASTER-ROBOTS-TECHNOLOGY(21 of23)
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A robotic cheetah runs during a demonstration at the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015. Robots from six countries including the United States, Japan and South Korea competed against each other in a disaster response challenge inspired by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)
Robotics Challenge(22 of23)
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University of Tokyo team upright their robot, Aero DRC, after it falls during the first stage of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenge in Pomona, Calif., Friday, June 5, 2015. Robots from 24 teams are taking part in a two-day contest hosted by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, to prove their performance in different tasks during a simulated disaster course. (AP Photo/Alex Gallardo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
US-JAPAN-SCIENCE-DARPA ROBOTICS(23 of23)
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The humanoid robot named \'Thor\' designed by students from Virginia Tech is on display during the finals of the DARPA Robotics Challenge at the Fairplex complex in Pomona, California, on June 5, 2015. The competition has 24 teams vying to develop robots capable of assisting humans in responding to natural and man-made disasters. AFP PHOTO/MARK RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MARK RALSTON via Getty Images)