マヤ文明「チチェン・イッツァ」のピラミッド内部に小さなピラミッド「まるでマトリョーシカだ」

「マヤ文明初期の住民のことが分かるかもしれません」
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Thousands of tourists surround the Kukulcan Pyramid at the Chichen Itza archeological site during the celebration of the spring equinox in the Yucatan state, southeastern Mexico, on March 21, 2016. A 10-meter (33-foot) tall pyramid was found within another 20-meter structure, which itself is enveloped by the 30-meter pyramid visible at the Mayan archeological complex known as Chichen Itza in Yucatan state. / AFP / ALEJANDRO MEDINA (Photo credit should read ALEJANDRO MEDINA/AFP/Getty Images)
ALEJANDRO MEDINA via Getty Images

メキシコ東部ユカタン州にあるマヤ文明の遺跡「チチェン・イッツァ」のククルカンピラミッド内部に、さらに小さなピラミッドがあることがわかった。

考古学者の研究チームは2015年、内部に光を当てて調査する非破壊検査の技術を使い、ピラミッドを発見した。このピラミッドは「エル・カスティージョ(スペイン語で「城」)」とも呼ばれ、地下水または聖なる泉「セノーテ」の上に建設されている。

外側に見える神殿の内部に小さなピラミッドがあることは以前から知られていたが、今回はその内部にもピラミッドがあったことが判明した。

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チチェン・イッツァ、ククルカンピラミッドの日の出

研究グループは16日、他の2つの構造物内部にもっと小さな構造物を発見したと発表した。

調査には「3次元比抵抗トモグラフィ」(ERT-3D)を使い、高さ20メートルの中間にあるピラミッド内部に高さ10メートルの構造物を発見した。中間のピラミッドは900年頃、最後の施工段階までに外側の構造物に包まれたたものだ。

メキシコ国立人類学歴史学研究所(INAH)の考古学者デニス・ロレニア・アルゴテ氏は「もし将来この構造物を調べることができるとしたら意義深いことです。マヤ文明初期の住民のことが分かるかもしれません」と述べた。

アルゴテ氏は、最初の構造物が「純粋なマヤ・スタイル」で500〜800年に建てられたものだと述べた。

カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校の考古学教授ジェフリー・ブラスウェル氏は、最新のプロジェクトには参加しなかったが、これまでチチェン・イッツァでの調査を進めてきた。ブラスウェル氏は今回発見された構造物は、新たに発見されたものか1940年代に発見されたものだと述べた。

ブラスウェル氏は、1940年代にピラミッドの中間層を発掘したとき、ある考古学者が内部に3つ目の構造物が埋まっているのを見つけたという。

「通路が不安定な状態だったため、この構造物についてはほとんど何も分かりません。外側の2つのピラミッドよりもはるかに小さく、内部できれいに並んでいるわけではなさそうです」と、ブラスウェル氏は語った。

研究グループが公開したコンピュータ画像でも、下の構造物が外側の層に従ってきれいに並んでいないことがわかる。

ブラスウェル氏は、ククルカンピラミッドの各層が他の層に内包されていることから、ロシアの入れ子人形「マトリョーシカ」に例えた。しかしさらに内側に内包されているピラミッドは1つだけではないかもしれない。

ブラスウェル氏は「より問題が複雑なのは、3体目と同じ大きさの"マトリョーシカ"が他にもあるかもしれないということです。この点はまだよく分かりません」と述べている。

メキシコ国立自治大学地球物理学研究所の研究員レネ・チャベス氏は「初期の構造物には階段があり、最上部には祭壇が埋められて保存されているようだ」と語った。構造物の位置は分かっているが、今後掘り起こされるかどうかはまだ分からない。

ブラスウェル氏は「掘り起こした人がいないので、これがこの地で最古の構造物だとは断言できません。でもその可能性は極めて高いでしょう」と語った。

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チチェン・イッツァ
MEXICO/(01 of22)
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China\'s President Xi Jinping (2nd L) and his Mexican counterpart Enrique Pena Nieto (2nd R) shake hands as China\'s first lady Peng Liyuan (L) and Mexico\'s first lady Angelica Rivera look on while posing for photographers in front of the Kukulkan pyramid at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in the peninsula of Yucatan June 6, 2013. China\'s President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan are on a three-day official visit to Mexico. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: POLITICS) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(02 of22)
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A tourist looks at Kukulcan Castle, one of the seven wonders of the modern world, at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza during the spring equinox, at the Yucatan Peninsula March 21, 2013. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY TRAVEL) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(03 of22)
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Tourists gather around Kukulcan Castle, one of the seven wonders of the modern world, at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza during the spring equinox, at the Yucatan Peninsula March 21, 2013. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY TRAVEL) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(04 of22)
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People rest in front of the pyramid of Kukulkan at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Thousands of mystics, hippies and tourists celebrated in the sunshine of southeastern Mexico on Friday as the Earth survived a day billed by doomsday theorists as the end of the world and a new era began for the Maya people. New Age dreamers, alternative lifestyle gurus and curious onlookers from around the world descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: RELIGION SOCIETY TRAVEL) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(05 of22)
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Visitors and tourists make a human chain around the pyramid of Kukulkan at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Thousands of mystics, hippies and tourists celebrated in the sunshine of southeastern Mexico on Friday as the Earth survived a day billed by doomsday theorists as the end of the world and a new era began for the Maya people. New Age dreamers, alternative lifestyle gurus and curious onlookers from around the world descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: RELIGION SOCIETY TRAVEL) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(06 of22)
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People perform a ritual in front of the pyramid of Kukulkan at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Thousands of mystics, hippies and tourists celebrated in the sunshine of southeastern Mexico on Friday as the Earth survived a day billed by doomsday theorists as the end of the world and a new era began for the Maya people. New Age dreamers, alternative lifestyle gurus and curious onlookers from around the world descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: RELIGION SOCIETY) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(07 of22)
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The pyramid of Kukulcan is seen during sunrise at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Mystics, hippies and tourists descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(08 of22)
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A group of people wearing pre-Hispanic costumes perform a ritual near the pyramid of Kukulkan at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Mystics, hippies and tourists descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(09 of22)
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A tourist raises her hands during a group meditation at sunrise near the pyramid of Kukulkan at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 21, 2012. Mystics, hippies and tourists descended on the ruins of Maya cities to mark the close of the 13th bak\'tun - a period of around 400 years - and many hoped it would lead to a better era for humanity. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MEXICO/(10 of22)
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The pyramid of Kukulkan is seen in the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan State, December 20, 2012. The archaeological site of Chichen Itza is expected to receive approximately 30,000 people on 21 December, almost twice that in the spring equinox on March 21, according to the Institute of Archaeology and History. REUTERS/Victor Ruiz Garcia (MEXICO - Tags: SPORT SOCCER) (credit:Victor Ruiz Garcia / Reuters)
MAYA-CALENDAR/(11 of22)
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The Maya temple of Kukulkan, the feathered serpent and Mayan snake deity, is seen at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza, in the southern Mexican state of Yucatan, in this picture taken May 3, 2012 and made available to Reuters on December 17, 2012. Dec. 21 marks the end of an age in a 5,125 year-old Maya calendar, an event that is variously interpreted as the end of days, the start of a new era or just a good excuse for a party. Thousands of New Age mystics, spiritual adventurers and canny businessmen are converging on ancient ruins in southern Mexico and Guatemala to find out what will happen. Picture taken May 3, 2012. REUTERS/Mauricio Marat/National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH)/Handout (MEXICO - Tags: SOCIETY RELIGION) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS (credit:Handout . / Reuters)
Mexico China(12 of22)
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Mexico\'s President Enrique Pena Nieto, center left, his wife Angelica Rivera, China\'s President Xi Jinping, center right, and his wife Peng Liyuan pose for photos with a traditional folk dance troupe near the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza, southern Mexico, Thursday, June 6, 2013. Xi is on the final day of his 3-day visit to Mexico. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mexico China(13 of22)
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China\'s President Xi Jinping, second left, and Mexico\'s President Enrique Pena Nieto, Xi\'s wife, Peng Liyuan, left, and Pena Nieto\'s wife, Angelica Rivera, pose for a photo near the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza, southern Mexico, Thursday, June 6, 2013. Xi is on the final day of his 3-day visit to Mexico. The two presidents agreed to broaden relations between their countries and expand trade ties, including opening the Chinese market to imports of Mexican tequila and pork. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Mexico Mayan Calendar 2012(14 of22)
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People gesture toward the the Kukulkan temple in Chichen Itza, Mexico, Friday, Dec. 21, 2012. Ceremonial fires burned and conches sounded off as dawn broke over the steps of the main pyramid at the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza Friday, making what many believe is the conclusion of a vast, 5,125-year cycle in the Mayan calendar. Some have interpreted the prophetic moment as the end of the world. The hundreds gathered in the ancient Mayan city, however, said they believed it marked the birth of a new and better age. (AP Photo/Israel Leal) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mexico Mayan Calendar 2012(15 of22)
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People gather in front of the Kukulkan temple in Chichen Itza, Mexico, early Friday, Dec. 21, 2012. Ceremonial fires burned and conches sounded off as dawn broke over the steps of the main pyramid at the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza Friday, making what many believe is the conclusion of a vast, 5,125-year cycle in the Mayan calendar. Some have interpreted the prophetic moment as the end of the world. The hundreds gathered in the ancient Mayan city, however, said they believed it marked the birth of a new and better age. (AP Photo/Israel Leal) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mexico Mayan Calendar 2012(16 of22)
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People gather in front of the Kukulkan temple in Chichen Itza, Mexico, Friday, Dec. 21, 2012. Ceremonial fires burned and conches sounded off as dawn broke over the steps of the main pyramid at the Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza Friday, making what many believe is the conclusion of a vast, 5,125-year cycle in the Mayan calendar. Some have interpreted the prophetic moment as the end of the world. The hundreds gathered in the ancient Mayan city, however, said they believed it marked the birth of a new and better age. (AP Photo/Israel Leal) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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MEXICO-CULTURE/(20 of22)
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A general view of the Kukulkan Pyramid during the \"Nights of Kukulkan\" sound and light show at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan state December 10, 2014. Picture taken December 10. REUTERS/Lorenzo Hernandez (MEXICO - Tags: TRAVEL SOCIETY) (credit:STRINGER Mexico / Reuters)
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A general view of the Kukulkan Pyramid during the \"Nights of Kukulkan\" sound and light show at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan state December 10, 2014. Picture taken December 10. REUTERS/Lorenzo Hernandez (MEXICO - Tags: TRAVEL SOCIETY) (credit:STRINGER Mexico / Reuters)
MEXICO-CULTURE/(22 of22)
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A general view of the Kukulkan Pyramid during the \"Nights of Kukulkan\" sound and light show at the archaeological zone of Chichen Itza in Yucatan state December 10, 2014. Picture taken December 10. REUTERS/Lorenzo Hernandez (MEXICO - Tags: TRAVEL SOCIETY) (credit:STRINGER Mexico / Reuters)

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