次期中国大使人事「日本重視」は本当か?

習近平指導部が知日派外交官(邱国洪駐韓国大使)の駐日大使起用を検討しているのは日中関係重視の表れだ――という解説が12月第3週の一部新聞紙上に躍った。
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習近平指導部が知日派外交官(邱国洪駐韓国大使)の駐日大使起用を検討しているのは日中関係重視の表れだ――という解説が12月第3週の一部新聞紙上に躍った。中国に気配りした、いわゆる左派的配慮が働いての結果であれば、単なる「提灯記事」と片付けられるが、心底からの分析なら、大手新聞の外交音痴ぶりを垣間見ることができる一件なのかもしれない。

「大物大使」の3要件

大使人事は、時の各国政府が相手国との2国間関係をどれくらい重視しているかの写し鏡だ。米国を例にとると、駐英大使経験者からは、モンロー主義で著名なモンローら5人の大統領が輩出しており、駐仏大使には、現行100ドル札紙幣の肖像であり避雷針を発明したベンジャミン・フランクリンがいた。

そもそも「大物大使」の要件とは次の3つのうちのどれかに該当する場合だろう。①著名人・有力政治家、②首脳との個人的信頼関係が厚い側近・腹心、③各国外務省のエース級の3つだ。一方で、各国駐日大使の中には、日本語に堪能であったり、駐日大使館での勤務経験が豊富であったりするいわゆる「ジャパンスクール」出身の外交官も多いが、単にジャパンスクール出身というだけでは「大物大使」の要件を満たしているとは言い難いだろう。外務省非エース級のジャパンスクール出身大使は④と分類しておく。

ケネディとルースの違い

キャロライン・ケネディ大使はタイプ①だ。ケネディ元大統領の娘という説明が不要なほどの著名人であり、将来の上院議員転身も噂されている。②はつまり、首脳に直接「電話」できる大使だ。ジョン・ルース前大使がこのタイプである。2008年大統領選挙に勝利したオバマ氏が駐日大使にどのような人物を起用するかは、新政権下の日米関係を占う人事として注目を集めていた。

当初は、大物知日派でクリントン国務長官が推していたとされるジョセフ・ナイ・ハーバード大学教授の就任が取り沙汰されていたので、それまで日本との関わりが薄かったルース氏の起用には、「日本軽視」ではないのかという当惑の声も上がった。しかし、ルース氏はオバマ陣営の選挙資金集めに大きな役割を果たしたオバマ氏の側近であったことから、大統領とのパイプの太さに期待する向きが次第に広がっていった。

③としては、佐々江賢一郎駐米大使がいる。アジア大洋州局長、外務審議官(政務)、外務事務次官と本省での要職を経て、次官経験者としては柳井俊二大使以来、11年ぶりに駐米大使に就任した。また、最近我が国に着任した例としては、グエン・クオック・クオン駐日ベトナム大使がいる。クオン大使は駐米大使、外務次官経験者で、将来の外相候補とも目されており、ベトナムの対日関係重視の表れと受け止められている。

近年の駐日米国大使は、タイプ別では、①→①→②→②→①と推移している。クリントン政権後期のフォーリー大使は下院議長、ブッシュ・ジュニア政権前期のベーカー大使は上院院内総務経験者という民主、共和両党の大物政治家だった。次のシーファー大使はブッシュ・ジュニアとは大リーグ球団「テキサス・レンジャーズ」の共同経営者だったという強固な個人的関係があった。ルース、ケネディ両氏は前述の通りだ。

駐日韓国大使は、③→②→③→②→①といった具合だ。柳明恒大使(2007年3月~2008年3月)は、外交通商部第2次官、第1次官を経て駐日大使となり、離任後は長官(外相に相当)に就任した。権哲賢大使(2008年4月~2011年6月)は、与党国会議員から着任し、韓国通貨危機の際は李明博大統領から直接電話で指示を受け対処にあたった。申珏秀大使(2011年6月10日~2013年6月)は第1次官から就任した韓国ジャパンスクールのエース級だった。

李丙琪大使(2013年6月~2014年8月)は、帰任後に国家情報院(KCIAの後身)院長、大統領秘書室長(首相と同等クラスのポスト)と要職を歴任している朴槿恵大統領の数少ない側近だ。現在の柳興洙大使(2014年8月~)は、警察庁長官にあたるポストから国会議員に転身し、安倍晋太郎元外務大臣とは爆弾酒を飲み交わした仲だ。

「ルーティン的」人事

中国大使の座の多くはジャパンスクール出身者で占められてきており、④→③→③→④となっている。武大偉大使(2001年7月~2004年8月)は、アジア局副局長、韓国大使を経て就任し、離任後は朝鮮半島問題特別代表となり、そのまま塩漬けされている。王毅大使(2004年9月~2007年9月)は、アジア局長、外交部長助理、副部長を経て就任。帰国後は、台湾弁公室主任を経て外交部長(外相に相当)に就いた中国ジャパンスクールのエースだ。

非ジャパンスクールの崔天凱大使(2007年9月~2010年1月)は、アジア局長、部長助理を経て就任。離任後は副部長を経て現在は駐米大使を務めており、今後の昇任も確実と考えられる。程永華大使(2010年2月~)は、アジア局副局長、韓国大使を経て就任し、武大偉の後任の特別代表に擬せられている。

以上から考え合わせると、邱国洪は④に分類できる。これまでにアジア局副局長、渉外安全局長を経て現在、韓国大使を務めている。局長を務めているものの、アジア局長とは異なり軽量級のポストで、武大偉、程永華とほぼ同じキャリアパスといえるだろう。中国外交部の中での日本専門家であることには間違いないが、今後、王毅や崔天凱のように中国外交の中心人物になる可能性は極めて低い。

旧来通りの④の駐日大使を派遣しようとする腹積もりなのであれば、習近平指導部は、大物大使起用によって対日関係を積極的に打開しようという考えは持ち合わせてはおらず、ルーティーン的な人事によって「待ち」の姿勢に徹しているといえるだろう。

村上政俊

1983年7月生まれ。桜美林大学総合研究機構客員研究員。東京大学法学部政治コース卒。2008年4月外務省入省。総合外交政策局総務課、国際情報統括官組織第三国際情報官室、在中国大使館外交官補(北京大学国際関係学院留学)勤務で、中国情勢分析や日中韓首脳会議に携わる。12年12月~14年11月衆議院議員。中央大学大学院公共政策研究科客員教授(13年10月~15年3月)を経て15年7月から現職。

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(2015年12月28日フォーサイトより転載)

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