アメリカ・中国海軍のソマリア沖合同演習に注目が集まる理由

米海軍と中国海軍が、アフリカのソマリア沖アデン湾で8月24日から2日間の日程で実施した海賊対策の合同軍事演習に注目が集まっている。米中共同作戦の実施を念頭に置いた内容となっているというのがその理由だ。
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米海軍と中国海軍が、アフリカのソマリア沖アデン湾で8月24日から2日間の日程で実施した海賊対策の合同軍事演習に注目が集まっている。米中共同作戦の実施を念頭に置いた内容となっているというのがその理由だ。

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深まる米中同盟?米軍と中国軍がソマリア沖で相互に武器を交換する訓練を実施

米海軍と中国海軍は2013年8月24日から2日間の日程で、アフリカのソマリア沖アデン湾で海賊対策の合同軍事演習を実施した。今回の演習は、米軍統合参謀本部のデンプシー議長が今年4月に訪中した際に中国側と合意したもので、中国がソマリア沖で海賊対策の護衛任務について以来、2回目の米中合同軍事演習となる(本誌記事「デンプシー米統合参謀本部議長が習近平氏と会談。米中のアジア戦略交渉がスタート」参照)。

演習には、米国側からミサイル駆逐艦「メイソン」が、中国側は同じくミサイル駆逐艦「ハルビン」が参加している。また両軍の特殊作戦部隊とヘリコプターも参加した。

今回の訓練が注目されているのは、米軍のヘリと中国軍のヘリが相互の艦艇に着艦する訓練を実施したり、特殊部隊が互いの武器を交換して射撃訓練を行うなど、米中共同作戦の実施を念頭に置いた内容となっているからである。

もちろん演習の趣旨が海賊への共同対処なので、当然の内容ではあるのだが、海賊対策とは別に双方にとっては非常に意味のある訓練といえる。

軍隊は同じような装備を使っていても、その取り扱いや命令の出し方などは国によって大きく異なっている。米国と中国は今のところ完全な同盟国ではないので、互いの部隊の運用の現場を知ることは貴重な情報収集の機会となる。双方が互いの部隊の運用能力はどの程度であったのか、後日詳細な分析を行うことになるだろう。

さらに長期的な視点に立てば、米国と中国がアジア太平洋地域において、一種の軍事同盟を確立するための地ならしと見ることもできる。

米国は中東からアジアに軍事力をシフトするいわゆる「リバランス戦略」を進めている。一方中国は沿岸地域の海洋覇権の確立を目指している。米国と中国は、相互の軍事的プレゼンスをどこまで認め合うかについて、交渉を始めている。最終的には米国と中国がアジア太平洋地域において相互が一定の影響力を確保できる水準で妥協に至る可能性が高い。

両国は今後、軍事活動の相互通知システムの構築、軍事活動に関する行動ルールの策定などを目指していくとしている。ヘーゲル米国防長官は2013年8月19日、訪米した中国の常万全国防相に対して、2014年に開催が予定されている環太平洋合同軍事演習(リムパック)への公式な招待を行った(本誌記事「ヘーゲル国防長官が中国の常万全国防相と会談」参照)。リムパックは米国が主催するアジア太平洋地域における最大の合同軍事演習であり、これに中国が参加することの意味は大きい。

今後はこうした米国と中国の合同演習が増えてくることになるだろう。

【参考記事】

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