国連気候サミット開催!声明を発表

国連本部で、国連気候サミットが開催されました。同サミットは、通常、毎年開催されている国連気候変動枠組条約の締約国会議(COP)とは異なり、潘基文国連事務総長が、各国の首脳によびかけて、特別に開催したサミットでした。
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時事通信社

2014年9月23日、アメリカ・ニューヨークにある国連本部で、国連気候サミットが開催されました。同サミットは、通常、毎年開催されている国連気候変動枠組条約の締約国会議(COP)とは異なり、潘基文国連事務総長が、各国の首脳によびかけて、特別に開催したサミットでした。来年2015年のCOP21で予定されている、2020年以降の新しい国際枠組みの合意に向けて、首脳レベルが集まり、政治的気運を盛り上げていくことを主旨としたものです。日本からは安倍首相が参加し、スピーチをしましたが、肝心の温室効果ガス排出量削減についてはほとんど語られませんでした。

40万人の行進

今回のサミットは、国際的にも高い注目を集めたサミットとなりました。その背景には近年、世界各国で深刻化している、地球温暖化の影響によると考えられる異常気象などの被害があります。

サミット直前の21日には、ニューヨーク市街を40万人の人々が集まり、気候変動対策を訴えるマーチ(デモ行進)が開催されました。この行進には、潘基文国連事務総長や、俳優のレオナルド・ディカプリオ氏も参加。大きな盛り上がりを見せ、世界のメディアの注目するところとなりました。

日本・安部首相のスピーチは...?

このサミットには、日本の安倍首相も参加し、他の各国首脳と一緒に、スピーチをしました。

安倍首相のスピーチは、「美しい地球」(クール・アース)イニシアティブを今後も推し進め、途上国の人材育成支援や(温暖化の影響に対する)適応対策支援などに言及しました。

しかし、肝心の日本として温室効果ガスの排出量をどれくらい削減するか、については、ほとんど語られず、リーダーシップを発揮した内容とは言えませんでした。

WWFジャパンは9月23日、このスピーチで語られなかった3つの課題について、声明を発表しました。

【声明】語られなかった3つの課題

国連気候サミットでの安倍首相スピーチを受けて(2014年9月24日)

9月23日にアメリカ・ニューヨークにおいて、潘基文国連事務総長のイニシアチブによる国連気候サミットが開催された。これに合わせて、21日、40万人もの人々がニューヨークの街を歩き、気候変動対策を訴えた。

サミットでは、各国首脳や各界のリーダーがスピーチを行い、自国や自分たちの気候変動に対する取り組みを訴えた。その中で、日本からは安倍首相が出席し、スピーチを行った。

しかし、安倍首相のスピーチ内容は、気候変動対策におけるリーダーシップからは程遠いものであった。言及された適応イニシアチブや、1万4千人の人材育成支援は、キャパシティ・ビルディングという地味ながらも極めて重要な分野での貢献をうたったものであり、それに関しては評価はできる。しかし、肝心の温暖化を緩和するために重要な3つの点おいて、安倍首相のスピーチは極めて不十分であったと言わざるを得ない。

1つ目は、2020年目標の見直しについて何も語らなかったことである。昨年のワルシャワ会議(COP19)において、日本は既存の2020年目標を大幅に引き下げた暫定の2020年目標を発表し、世界中からの非難を浴びた。暫定として発表した以上、見直しが期待されているが、今回のスピーチでは全く言及もされなかった。

2つ目は、今後、国際的な議論の中心になっていくと予想される2025年/2030年に向けての温室効果ガス排出量削減目標草案の提示期限を明示しなかったことである。アメリカやEU、そして今回中国までがこの2015年3月までに出すと明言している中、安倍首相は、「できるだけ早期に」と抽象的に述べるにとどまり、2015年3月という具体的な時期への言及を避けた。提示期限が遅れれば、国際社会が2015年末のパリでのCOP21で新しい国際枠組みに合意するための政治的な勢いに、日本が大きく水を差すことに繋がる。

3つ目は、グリーン気候基金(GCF)への貢献額について、検討しているという以上の言及がなかった点である。GCFは、今後の気候変動対策に関する国際支援の中心となることが目されている。韓国、ドイツなど、複数国がGCFへの拠出を表明した。日本は、二国間支援を主とする160億ドルの拠出については積極的であるが、肝心なGCFに対する支援への言及はなかった。途上国支援に繋がるGCFへの拠出は、それ自体としても重要であるだけでなく、途上国との信頼構築の観点からも重要である。

最も肝となるこれら3つの課題について、安倍首相のスピーチは、明瞭な言及を避けていた。このことは、国内での気候変動対策全般に対する議論の欠如を明瞭に反映してしまっている。

今回の国連気候サミットは、様々な国々が、自治体が、ビジネスが、人々が、既に将来の気候変動対策に対してアクションを起こし始めていることを示した。

日本もぐずぐずしてはいられない。まずは、2030年目標策定に向けた議論を国内で開始することである。首相が述べた「できるだけ早期に」という提示期限は、来年のパリ会議ギリギリであっていいはずがない。帰国後直ちに議論の開始に着手すべきである。

日本も、2015年の新しい国際枠組み合意と、効果的な気候変動対策の実施に向けて、国内での議論を本格化させるべき時が来ている。

参考資料

関連情報

気候変動の解決を求める「クライメイト・マーチ」 
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Marchers come down 6th Ave during the People\'s Climate March on September 21 2014, in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders . AFP PHOTO/Timothy A. Clary (Photo credit should read TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TIMOTHY A. CLARY via Getty Images)
US-CLIMATE-DEMO(56 of75)
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Marchers come down 6th Ave during the People\'s Climate March on September 21 2014, in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders . AFP PHOTO/Timothy A. Clary (Photo credit should read TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TIMOTHY A. CLARY via Getty Images)
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French Environment Minister Segolene Royal takes part in the \'People\'s Climate March\' on September 21, 2014 in New York.Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders. AFP PHOTO/Don Emmert (Photo credit should read DON EMMERT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DON EMMERT via Getty Images)
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French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius (L) and French Environment Minister Segolene Royal take part in the \'People\'s Climate March\' on September 21, 2014 in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders. AFP PHOTO/Don Emmert (Photo credit should read DON EMMERT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DON EMMERT via Getty Images)
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Marchers on 6th Ave. take part in the \'People\'s Climate March\' on September 21, 2014 in New York.Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders. AFP PHOTO/Don Emmert (Photo credit should read DON EMMERT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DON EMMERT via Getty Images)
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French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius (3rd R), British anthropologist Jane Goodall (C), former US Vice President Al Gore (C R), New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio (L rear), UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (2nd R) and French Minister for Ecology Segolene Royal (R) take part in the \'People\'s Climate March\' on September 21, 2014 in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders. AFP PHOTO/Don Emmert (Photo credit should read DON EMMERT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:DON EMMERT via Getty Images)
People's Climate March(61 of75)
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NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 21: New York City Mayor Bill deBlasio participates in the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014 in New York City. The march, which calls for drastic political and economic changes to slow global warming, has been organized by a coalition of unions, activists, politicians and scientists. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
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A demonstrator takes part in the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014, in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders . AFP PHOTO/Timothy A. Clary (Photo credit should read TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TIMOTHY A. CLARY via Getty Images)
People's Climate March(63 of75)
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NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 21: People protest for greater action against climate change during the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014 in New York City. The march, which calls for drastic political and economic changes to slow global warming, has been organized by a coalition of unions, activists, politicians and scientists. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
People's Climate March(64 of75)
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NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 21: People march down Sixth Avenue during the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014 in New York City. The march, which calls for drastic political and economic changes to slow global warming, has been organized by a coalition of unions, activists, politicians and scientists. (Photo by Andrew Burton/Getty Images) (credit:Andrew Burton via Getty Images)
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Actor Leonardo DiCaprio (C) walks down 6th Avenue during the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014, in New York. Activists mobilized in cities across the globe Sunday for marches against climate change, with one of the biggest planned for New York, where celebrities, political leaders and tens of thousands of people were expected. The march comes before the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon convenes a climate change summit of 120 world leaders . AFP PHOTO/Timothy A. Clary (Photo credit should read TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TIMOTHY A. CLARY via Getty Images)
Rio De Janeiro Holds Climate March(66 of75)
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RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - SEPTEMBER 21: Participants brave inclement weather to take part in the climate march along Ipanema beach on September 21, 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Protests calling for curbs in greenhouse gas emissions were scheduled today in 150 countries ahead a U.N. summit on climate change. The Amazon rainforest, mostly located in Brazil, produces about 20 percent of the earth\'s oxygen but is threatened by deforestation. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images) (credit:Mario Tama via Getty Images)
UN headquarters illuminated ahead of climate march(67 of75)
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NEW YORK, UNITED STATES - SEPTEMBER 21: Illuminated UN headquarters is seen during a ceremony ahead of climate march at the UN headquarters in New York, United States on September 21, 2014. The Hollywood star was named United Nations Messenger of Peace on Climate Change. (Photo by Selcuk Acar/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
Climate March in New York(68 of75)
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Demonstrators gather prior to the start of the People\'s Climate March in New York, U.S., on Sunday, Sept. 21, 2014. The United Nations 2014 Climate Summit is scheduled for Sept. 23. Photographer: Timothy Fadek/Bloomberg via Getty Images (credit:Bloomberg via Getty Images)
FRANCE-CLIMATE-DEMO(69 of75)
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Climate protesters hold banners on September 21, 2014 in Bordeaux during a demonstration to fight climate change. Green groups are staging climate marches in various cities worldwide prior to the UN Climate Summit taking place in New York on September 23. AFP PHOTO MEHDI FEDOUACH (Photo credit should read MEHDI FEDOUACH/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MEHDI FEDOUACH via Getty Images)
FRANCE-CLIMATE-DEMO(70 of75)
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Climate protesters hold a banner reading \' Let\'s be the change\' on the Republique\'s square during a demonstration to fight climate change, on September 21, 2014 in Paris. AFP PHOTO / FRANCOIS GUILLOT (Photo credit should read FRANCOIS GUILLOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCOIS GUILLOT via Getty Images)
FRANCE-CLIMATE-DEMO(71 of75)
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A climate protester wearing a Guy Fawkes mask holds a banner reading \' World leaders act!\' on the Republique\'s statue during a demonstration to fight climate change, on September 21, 2014 in Paris. AFP PHOTO / FRANCOIS GUILLOT (Photo credit should read FRANCOIS GUILLOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FRANCOIS GUILLOT via Getty Images)
BRITAIN-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-DEMONSTRATION(72 of75)
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Demonstrators display placards and banners as they participate in the Peoples Climate March in London on September 21, 2014. The march was one of several demonstrations calling for action to combat climate change taking place at cities around the world. AFP PHOTO/ADRIAN DENNIS (Photo credit should read ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADRIAN DENNIS via Getty Images)
BRITAIN-ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE-DEMONSTRATION(73 of75)
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Demonstrators display placards and banners as they participate in the Peoples Climate March in London on September 21, 2014. The march was one of several demonstrations calling for action to combat climate change taking place at cities around the world. AFP PHOTO/ADRIAN DENNIS (Photo credit should read ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADRIAN DENNIS via Getty Images)
BELGIUM-G20-CLIMATE-UN(74 of75)
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Demonstrators take part in the People\'s Climate March on September 21, 2014 in Brussels. Green groups are staging climate marches in various cities worldwide prior to the UN Climate Summit taking place in New York on September 23. AFP PHOTO/BELGA NICOLAS MAETERLINCK (Photo credit should read NICOLAS MAETERLINCK/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICOLAS MAETERLINCK via Getty Images)
AUSTRALIA-G20-FINANCE-ECONOMY-CLIMATE-UN(75 of75)
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A climate protester holds up a placard at the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting in Cairns on September 21, 2014. Finance ministers from G20 nations meet in Cairns this weekend as they grapple with how to achieve a lift in global growth by two percent while being held back by a sickly eurozone recovery. AFP PHOTO/William WEST (Photo credit should read WILLIAM WEST/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:WILLIAM WEST via Getty Images)