はくちょう座の連星、2022年に衝突で「新星」誕生か 夜空で最も明るい天体になるかも

裸眼で簡単に観測できるという。
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史上まれにみる天文現象となりそうだ。新たな星が誕生し、それが文字通り夜空を変える。

アメリカ・ミシガン州にあるカルヴァン大学のラリー・モルナール教授の天文学研究チームは、はくちょう座の方向にある連星系「KIC 9832227」が2022年に衝突し、「赤色新星」が誕生すると予測している。

カルヴァン大学の発表によると、予測通りなら、そのときの明るさは通常の1万倍に達し、夜空の中で最も明るい天体のひとつとなり、裸眼で簡単に観測できるという。

「空が劇的に変化するでしょう。誰でも見ることができます」と、モルナール教授は科学誌「ナショナル・ジオグラフィック」に語った。「望遠鏡は必要ありません。2023年になれば、私が間違っていたか、あるいは正しかったか、分かるでしょう」

この天文現象が終わると、北十字星周辺に新星が現れる。

しかし、この現象を見ようと計画してはいけない。2022年というだけで正確な日付は分かっていない。数年の誤差が生じる可能性がある。また、これまでに誰もこの現象を実際に予測したことがない。

「衝突を予測するのは、ほとんど不可能に近い」と、モルナール教授も認めた。「過去に例がないのです」

モルナール教授と学生らは、ニューメキシコ州アパッチポイント天文台のカレン・キネムチ教授、ワイオミング大学のヘンリー・コブルニキー教授と共に、数年間にわたって「KIC 9832227」を観測してきた。

モルナール教授の研究助手ダニエル・ヴァン・ノールド氏は、2つの星が同じような環境を共有していることを発見した。「ひとつの殻の中にある2つのピーナツみたいなものです」と、モルナール教授は語った。

しかし、ヴァン・ノールド氏が軌道周期を計算すると、それが変化したことが分かった。

カルヴァン大学によると、この変化は、天文学者のロマルド・ティレンダ氏が2008年に「さそり座V1309」が突如出現する前に観測したものと似ていたという。

これは、歴史が間もなく繰り返されることを意味する。

「ナショナル・ジオグラフィック」誌によると、計算が正しければ、衝突すると北極星と同じくらいの明るさになるという。

「このプロジェクトは、科学的な重要ということだけでなく、街の人々の心を虜にするでしょう」と、カルヴァン大学ののマット・ウォルハウト氏は語った。「予測が正しければ、歴史上初めて、親が空の暗い部分を指して子供に言うでしょう。『ほら、見てごらん。あそこに星が隠れているんだよ。でも、すぐに明るくなるから』」

ハフィントンポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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