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アメリカFRB、9年半ぶり利上げ決定　世界経済への影響は？

米国の中央銀行にあたるFRB（連邦準備制度理事会）は、金融政策を決める連邦公開市場委員会（FOMC）で、金融危機後7年間にわたって続けてきたゼロ金利政策を解除することを決めた。
中野渉
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WASHINGTON, DC - DECEMBER 16: Federal Reserve Bank Chair Janet Yellen holds a news conference where she announced that the Fed will raise its benchmark interest rate for the first time since 2008 at the bank's Wilson Conference Center December 16, 2015 in Washington, DC. With unemployment at 5-percent and the economy showing signs of strength, the Fed raised the interest rate a quarter of a percentage point and many experts believe the interest rate on short-term loans could go as high as one percent by the end of 2016. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
Chip Somodevilla via Getty Images

アメリカの中央銀行にあたるFRB（連邦準備制度理事会）は12月16日、金融政策を決める連邦公開市場委員会（FOMC）で、いわゆるリーマンショックのあと7年間にわたって続けてきた異例のゼロ金利政策を解除して、利上げを始めることを決めた。景気回復を踏まえてアメリカの金融政策は危機対応を終え、金利の上げ下げで景気を調節する正常な姿に戻る。利上げは2006年6月以来、9年半ぶり。時事ドットコムなどが報じた。

今回の決定で、政策金利であるフェデラルファンド（ＦＦ）金利の誘導目標水準は０～０．２５％から０．２５～０．５％に引き上げられた。１７日から適用する。決定は１０人の全会一致。

会合後に発表された声明は、利上げの理由について、雇用が今年に入って「大幅に改善」し、物価が中期的に目標の２％に向かうとの「合理的な確信」が得られたと説明。「景気見通しに加え、金融政策が経済に効果を及ぼすまでに時間を要することを考慮し、利上げを決定した」と述べた。（2015/12/17-04:48）

（時事ドットコム：米、９年半ぶり利上げ＝ゼロ金利を解除、政策正常化へ－緩やかな道筋を強調より 2015/12/17 04:48）

FRBのイエレン議長はFOMC終了後の記者会見で、「FRBが掲げてきた、雇用と物価上昇率の二つの条件が満たされたと判断した」と述べ、今後の利上げペースについては「緩やかに進んでいくだろう」との見方を示した。一方で、実際の金利の道筋は「経済の指標次第になる」と述べた。

政策金利は、アメリカの金融機関どうしがお金を貸し借りする際の金利。住宅ローンや企業への融資などあらゆる金利に影響するため、今後、さまざまな金利が緩やかに上昇していくと見られる。

利上げが世界経済に与える影響について、NHKニュースは次のように伝えている。

ＦＲＢの７年間に及ぶ異例の政策で大量のドルが世界の金融市場に行き渡り、各国での投資や企業の借り入れなどにも活用されました。それだけにこれまでアメリカから世界に向かっていたお金がＦＲＢの利上げにより逆流をはじめることで、さまざまな影響が懸念されてきました。特に、巨額の経常赤字を抱える新興国で資金の流出に拍車がかかり通貨安や、株式市場が混乱するおそれも指摘されています。

（米ＦＲＢ 利上げ決定 7年続いたゼロ金利政策を解除 NHKニュースより 2015/12/17 04:03）

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