ネオニコチノイド系農薬が国産蜂蜜に残留 ミツバチへの悪影響否定できないレベルに

日本など各国で広く使われ、ミツバチ減少との関連が指摘されているネオニコチノイド系農薬の一部が市販の国産蜂蜜中に残留していることが、河野公栄愛媛大農学部教授らの研究チームの分析で8月18日、明らかになった。
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日本など各国で広く使われ、ミツバチ減少との関連が指摘されているネオニコチノイド系農薬の一部が市販の国産蜂蜜中に残留していることが、河野公栄愛媛大農学部教授らの研究チームの分析で8月18日、明らかになった。共同通信が伝えた。

人は蜂蜜を食べる量が少ないため健康に問題がない濃度とみられるが、ミツバチへの悪影響が否定できないレベルという。河野教授は「ミツバチが長期間にわたって蜂蜜を摂取した場合の影響について、詳細な検討が必要だ」と指摘している

ネオニコチノイドとはどういう農薬なのか。コトバンクでは次のように説明している。

タバコの葉などに含まれるニコチンに似た構造・作用を持つ殺虫剤の総称。神経伝達系のアセチルコリン受容体と結合し情報伝達を阻害する。稲につくカメムシ・アブラムシ、柑橘類につくガなどの駆除に使用される。有機リン系農薬と比較して人体に対する毒性は低いとされるが、受粉を媒介するミツバチへの影響などが問題視されている。

(コトバンク「ネオニコチノイド」より)

■ EUでは使用禁止、日本はどうなる?

ネオニコチノイド系農薬は、未だ解明されていないミツバチの大量失踪現象「蜂群崩壊症候群(CCD)」の原因ではないかと指摘されている

欧州連合(EU)の欧州委員会は5月24日、欧州各地でミツバチが減少している事態に対処するため、原因の一つとされるネオニコチノイド系の殺虫剤3種類の使用を今年12月からEU全域で禁止することを決定している

欧州食品安全機関(EFSA)は、1月16日にネオニコチノイド系3物質(クロチアニジン、イミダクロプリド、チアメトキサム)がミツバチに与える影響に関する評価結果を公表。それらを基に、欧州委員会では使用制限の検討と投票を重ね最終的に5月24日に、12月1日からの使用制限を決定。ネオニコチノイド系農薬をミツバチの訪花作物や穀物の種子処理、土壌処理および茎葉散布を制限することなどが示された

ネオニコチノイド系農薬の販売メーカーである住友化学では、以下のような見解を発表している

EU 委員会の今回の決定は、その依拠する欧州食品安全機関(EFSA)の審査において、ミツバチの大量死、大量失踪とネオニコチノイド剤の因果関係について何ら明確な判断がなされなかったにもかかわらず、予防的措置の考え方の下に現在行われているミツバチ問題の真の原因究明やネオニコチノイド剤の適切な使用確保に関する取り組み、また多数の EU 参加国の反対を省みず行われたもので、行き過ぎたものと言わざるを得ません。今回のEUでの措置は国内のクロチアニジン関連商品の使用に何ら影響を及ぼすものではなく、また今回の決定は、ネオニコチノイド剤がミツバチの大量死、大量失踪の主たる原因ではないとする当社の見解に何ら影響するものではありません。

日本でもEUのように規制強化が進むのか。本格的な議論が待たれる。

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