カシミール紛争、領有権争うインド・パキスタン・中国間で緊張高まる

インドとパキスタンが領有権を主張して実効支配線をはさんでにらみ合うカシミール地方で、インド・パキスタンの間や住民同士の緊張が一段と高まっている。両国軍の交戦が連日続くほか、インド支配地域のジャム・カシミール州ではイスラム教徒とヒンズー教徒の住民同士の衝突が起きている。

インドとパキスタンが領有権を主張して実効支配線をはさんでにらみ合うカシミール地方で、インド・パキスタンの間や住民同士の緊張が一段と高まっている。両国軍の交戦が連日続くほか、インド支配地域のジャム・カシミール州ではイスラム教徒とヒンズー教徒の住民同士の衝突が起きている。産経新聞が伝えた。

インド政府によれば、実効支配線付近で8月6日、パキスタン軍の越境攻撃がありインド兵5人が死亡した。その後、両国軍の交戦が続き、10日には約1万1600発の銃弾や砲弾が飛び交った。パキスタン側は12日、インド軍の攻撃でパキスタン支配地域の住民1人が死亡したとしている。

パキスタンで新たに就任したシャリフ首相は、インドとの対話に前向きな姿勢を示し、首脳会談を実現する方向で両国が調整を進めてきたが、こうした事態を受けてインド側では、会談に応じるべきではないとの声が強まりそうだ

一方、ジャム・カシミール州キシュトワルでは、イスラム教のラマダン(断食月)明けの祭り、イードルフィトルに当たる9日、カシミール地方の分離独立を求めるイスラム教徒住民がインド兵の死亡をたたえ、怒ったヒンズー教徒と衝突した。

暴動はジャムなど中心都市に拡大。各地に外出禁止令が出されているが、一部住民はこれを無視して商店などに放火し、治安部隊と衝突した。暴動による死者は計3人に上っている

■インド・中国両国軍のにらみ合いも

カシミールをめぐる争いは、インドとパキスタンのみならず、中国との間でも緊張が高まっている。

複数のインド陸軍当局者は、中国と領有権を争うカシミール地方のインド側に中国の人民解放軍が侵入し、野営地を設置したと明らかにした。インド軍も野営地の近くに部隊を駐留させ、双方のにらみ合いが続いているという。ただ、同様の事案はこれまでも起きており、インド陸軍当局者は、境界の「認識の違い」が原因で、平和的に解決できるとの見方を示した。

インド政府は7月17日に開いた内閣安全保障委員会で、対中防衛力を強化するため、中国との国境付近を中心に約5万人の兵力からなる新たな軍部隊を創設することを決めている

カシミール地方は、インド北部からパキスタン北東部にかけての山岳地域。農業・牧畜が行われ、カシミア織を産する。風光明媚な山岳地帯であり、「南アジアのスイス」とも呼ばれてきた。

イスラム教徒が住民の多数を占めたが、藩王がヒンドゥー教徒だったため、1947年のインド・パキスタン分離独立時に帰属が決まらず、宙に浮いた。やがて両国が領有権を主張して戦争に発展。49年に国連の調停で停戦ラインが設けられ、両国に中国を加えた3カ国が実効支配地域を分け合う状態が続いている。インド支配地域にはジャム・カシミール州が、パキスタン支配地域にはギルギット・バルチスタン州とアザド・カシミール州があり、両国とも相手地域を含めての領有を主張している。また、北東部アクサイチン(阿克賽欽)地区は中国が支配しているが、インドは認めていない。

インドは全域の領有を主張し、パキスタンは住民投票による帰属決定を求めている。インド側では89年以降、分離独立を求める武装闘争が激化。インド政府によると、死者は約4万人に上る

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