ツタンカーメンの短剣は、隕石からできていた

古代エジプトのツタンカーメン王と共に埋められていた鉄製の短剣の材質が、地球上のものではなく、地球に落下した隕石であると研究者グループが発表した。
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The mask of King Tutankhamun, which was found to have been damaged and glued back together, is seen at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo January 24, 2015. The Egyptian Museum in Cairo acknowledged on Saturday that one of its greatest treasures, the mask of King Tutankhamun, had been crudely glued back together after being damaged, but insisted the item could be restored to its former glory. The golden mask's beard was detached in August, something the museum had not made public until photographs surfaced on the Internet showing a line of glue around its chin, prompting speculation about the damage and questions over whether Egypt was able to care for its priceless artifacts. REUTERS/Shadi Bushra (EGYPT - Tags: SOCIETY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
Reuters Staff / Reuters

古代エジプトのツタンカーメン王と共に埋められていた鉄製の短剣の材質が、地球上のものではなく、地球に落下した隕石であると研究者グループが発表した。

5月に発行された隕石や惑星の研究専門学術誌「Meteoritics & Planetary Science」誌の論文によると、その短剣は隕石に含まれていた鉄からつくられていた。

今回、研究が進められた短剣は、1925年、考古学者ハワード・カーター卿によって、ツタンカーメン王のミイラの棺の中から発見された2つの短剣のうちの1つ。

2つの短剣の1つは金、もう1つには鉄の刃がついている。ガーディアン紙によると、この鉄の刃の短剣は91年間、研究者たちを悩ませてきた。鉄製品は古代エジプトでは希少だったとみられるからだ。3300年以上経過しているにもかかわらず、その鉄の短剣は、錆の痕跡が全くない。

鉄の刃の短剣は金の柄と、クリスタルの柄頭を持ち、鞘にはジャッカルの頭をかたどった装飾が付いている。

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ミラノ工科大学、ピサ大学、カイロのエジプト博物館の研究者たちは、非侵襲性ポータブル螢光X線分光分析を用いて、その鉄の金属組成を調査した。

「ニッケルの高い含有量から、明らかに隕鉄から取られたものです」とミラノ工科大学のダニエラ・コメッリ研究リーダーはテレグラフ紙に述べた。「その短剣の刃のニッケルとコバルトの含有率は、鉄隕石のその比率と一致していて、原始太陽系で、惑星が分化する間の原始的なコンドライトの組成比率を維持しています」

研究者グループはさらに、刃の金属組成となっている正確な隕石を特定した。

コメッリ氏は、同グループが紅海から半径2000キロメートル以内で発見された全ての隕石を調査した。これにより、20種類の鉄隕石にまでその可能性は絞られた。それらのうち、1つだけがツタンカーメン王の短剣の刃と類似した、ニッケルとコバルトの含有率を持っていた。これは16年前、エジプトのメルサマトルー付近で発見された隕石だった。

この研究結果は、紀元前13世紀の時点で、古代エジプト人たちが珍しい鉄の塊が空から降って来る現象に気づいていたということを示唆している。

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ツタンカーメン 画像集
KING TUT MASK, EGYPTIAN MUSEUM(01 of22)
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(credit:Michael Melford via Getty Images)
King Tut Death Mask, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt(02 of22)
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(credit:Hisham Ibrahim via Getty Images)
King Tut Golden Death Mask - Cairo, Egypt(03 of22)
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(credit:Hisham Ibrahim via Getty Images)
Back side of King Tut Death Mask, Egyptian Museum(04 of22)
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(credit:Hisham Ibrahim via Getty Images)
Funeral Mask of Tutankhamun(05 of22)
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(credit:Richard Nowitz via Getty Images)
Tutankhamun before Osiris, pharaoh in front of goddess Nut and Ay performing opening of mouth ceremony, fresco, wall of burial chamber, Tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings, Thebes, Egypt. Egypt(06 of22)
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(credit:De Agostini / S. Vannini via Getty Images)
A picture taken on October 20, 2009 show(07 of22)
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A picture taken on October 20, 2009 shows King Tutankhamun\'s golden mask displayed at the Egyptian museum in Cairo. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
A picture taken on October 20, 2009 show(08 of22)
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A picture taken on October 20, 2009 shows King Tutankhamun\'s golden mask displayed at the Egyptian museum in Cairo. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
(FILES) -- A picture taken on October 20(09 of22)
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(FILES) -- A picture taken on October 20, 2009 shows King Tutankhamun\'s golden mask displayed at the Egyptian museum in Cairo. DNA testing has unraveled some of the mystery surrounding the birth and death of pharaoh king Tutenkhamun, revealing his father was a famed monotheistic king and ruling out Nefertiti as his mother, Egypt\'s antiquities chief said on February 17, 2010. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
(FILES) -- A picture taken on October 20(10 of22)
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(FILES) -- A picture taken on October 20, 2009 shows King Tutankhamun\'s golden mask displayed at the Egyptian museum in Cairo. DNA testing has unraveled some of the mystery surrounding the birth and death of pharaoh king Tutenkhamun, revealing his father was a famed monotheistic king and ruling out Nefertiti as his mother, Egypt\'s antiquities chief said on February 17, 2010. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
People look at the mummy of Tutankhamunâ(11 of22)
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People look at the mummy of Tutankhamunâs mother (an unidentified queen whose mummy was known as \'The Younger Lady\') at the Egyptian museum in Cairo on February 17, 2010. New research has revealed that the boy king Tutankhamun died of malaria after a fall, used a cane, and was the son of the monotheistic Pharaoh Akhenaten, Egypt\'s antiquities chief Zahi Hawass said. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
A pictures shows the mummy of Akhenaten,(12 of22)
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A pictures shows the mummy of Akhenaten, Tutankhamunâs father at the Egyptian museum in Cairo on February 17, 2010. The pharaohs were not effeminate despite the appearance of Tutankhamun on his golden bust, Egyptian antiquities chief Zahi Hawass said he unveiled new evidence about the life and times of the famed boy king.\nAFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:KHALED DESOUKI via Getty Images)
(FILES) A picture taken on November 4, 2(13 of22)
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(FILES) A picture taken on November 4, 2007 shows the face of Pharaoh Tutankhamun displayed in a climate-controlled case at his tomb in the Valley of the Kings, close to Luxor, 500 kms south of Cairo. Egypt is to unveil on February 17, 2010 results of DNA tests carried out on the mummy of the enigmatic boy-king Tutankhamun in a bid to unravel the mystery concerning his lineage. AFP PHOTO/CRIS BOURONCLE (Photo credit should read CRIS BOURONCLE/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:CRIS BOURONCLE via Getty Images)
Detail of a granite statue of Tutankhamu(14 of22)
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Detail of a granite statue of Tutankhamun on display April 21, 2010 at a preview of \'Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs\', an exhibition at Discovery Times Square Exposition in New York. Multicolored medical scans of the real mummy are reflected in the glass case. The exhibit opens April 23. AFP PHOTO/Stan Honda (Photo credit should read STAN HONDA/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:STAN HONDA via Getty Images)
Detail of a granite statue of Tutankhamu(15 of22)
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Detail of a granite statue of Tutankhamun on display April 21, 2010 at a preview of \'Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs\', an exhibition at Discovery Times Square Exposition in New York. Multicolored medical scans of the real mummy are reflected in the glass case. The exhibit opens April 23. AFP PHOTO/Stan Honda (Photo credit should read STAN HONDA/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:STAN HONDA via Getty Images)
Statue of Pharaoh at the Luxor Temple, Egypt(16 of22)
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Statue of Pharaoh at the Luxor Temple, Egypt(17 of22)
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Theban mountain in Luxor(18 of22)
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(credit:Manuel Faba Ortega via Getty Images)
The Great Pyramids(19 of22)
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(credit:Svetlana Privezentseva via Getty Images)
egyptian papyrus(20 of22)
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(credit:PaulPaladin via Getty Images)
Temple of Hathor Abu Simbel Egypt(21 of22)
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(credit:pat glover via Getty Images)
The sarcophagus of King Tutankhamun, kno(22 of22)
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The sarcophagus of King Tutankhamun, known as the \'Child Pharaoh\' remains empty in its burial chamber after the mummy was placed in a glass urn designed to protect the remains of the ancient king from humidity and other contamination brought by a constant flow of over 350 visitors a day in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings, close to Luxor, 500 kms south of Cairo 04 November 2007. Temperature will be controlled to 25 centigrade and humidity maintained around 35 percent. Tutankhamun ascended to the throne at nine years old and died at about eighteen years of age. This is the first time his uncovered face will be presented to the public 30 centuries after his death. The tomb was discovered by British collector Lord George Carnarvon and archaeologist Howard Carter 04 November 1922. AFP PHOTO/CRIS BOURONCLE (Photo credit should read CRIS BOURONCLE/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:CRIS BOURONCLE via Getty Images)

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