キトラ古墳発見30年 記念シンポジウム開催 8月には最初で最後の石室公開

奈良県明日香村のキトラ古墳(特別史跡)で極彩色の四神壁画が発見されて30年になるのを記念し、シンポジウム「1300年前の国際交流―キトラ古墳からのメッセージ」が13日、大阪市北区の阪急うめだホールで開かれた。8月には、キトラ古墳の石室が一般公開される。期間は8月18~25日の8日間。石室は9月以降、墳丘整備に伴って埋め戻されるため、公開は最初で最後になる。
Open Image Modal
時事通信社

奈良県明日香村のキトラ古墳(特別史跡)で極彩色の四神壁画が発見されて30年になるのを記念し、シンポジウム「1300年前の国際交流―キトラ古墳からのメッセージ」が13日、大阪市北区の阪急うめだホールで開かれた。

朝日新聞デジタルによると、同村教委の相原嘉之さんによる現状報告に続き、森川裕一村長と松村恵司・奈良文化財研究所所長、沢田正昭・国士舘大客員教授(保存科学)、百橋明穂・神戸大名誉教授(美術史)が、約350人の来場者を前に同古墳の歴史的意義や将来の保存・活用について活発な議論を交わした。

キトラ古墳は、奈良県高市郡明日香村阿部山にある古墳。小高い阿部山の南斜面に位置し、名称の「キトラ」は周囲の字名の「北浦」の転訛といわれる。

1983年(昭和58)、石室内の彩色壁画に玄武が発見されて注目を集め、2000年(平成12)には国の史跡に指定され、その後、特別史跡に指定された。

2段築成の円墳で、四神を描いた壁画があるなどの類似点から高松塚古墳の「兄弟」ともいわれるが、壁画などにみられる唐の文化的影響が高松塚古墳ほどには色濃くないことから、遣唐使が日本に帰国する以前の7世紀末から8世紀初めごろの古墳とみられている。

古墳上段が直径9.4m、高さ2.4m、テラス状の下段が直径13.8m、高さ90cm。石槨(せっかく)は凝灰岩の切り石を組み合わせて作られており、内部は幅約1m、長さ約2.6m、高さ約1.3m。内壁・天井には漆喰(しっくい)が塗られ、壁画がほどこされている。

古墳の天井に描かれている天文図は東アジア最古の現存例であり、青龍・白虎・玄武・朱雀の四神すべてが現存している例は国内では初めてのことである。(コトバンク「キトラ古墳」より)

■8月に最初で最後の石室公開

8月には、キトラ古墳の石室が一般公開される。

朝日新聞デジタルによると、期間は8月18~25日の8日間。石室からはぎ取った「白虎(びゃっこ)」や「玄武(げんぶ)」など極彩色の四神壁画はすでに公開しているが、石室は初めて。石室は9月以降、墳丘整備に伴って埋め戻されるため、公開は最初で最後になる。

18枚の石を組み合わせて造られた石室(奥行き約2・4メートル、幅約1・04メートル、高さ約1・24メートル)の外観や墓道部(通路)を、窓ガラス越しに見学できる(石室内部は非公開)。

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