なでしこジャパン、連覇の夢をくじいたアメリカの秘策 セットプレーに仕掛けられたワナとは?

アメリカは、いかにしてなでしこジャパンの連覇の夢を打ち砕いたのか。運命の分かれ目、先取点を検証する。

なでしこジャパンのワールドカップ連覇の夢を打ち砕いたのは、用意周到なアメリカの罠だった――。

7月6日に行われたFIFA女子ワールドカップ・カナダ大会の決勝戦、なでしこはアメリカに5−2で敗れ、準優勝に終わった。試合を決定づけたのは、前半3分、5分のセットプレーからの失点だ。この2失点で出鼻をくじかれたなでしこは、ゲームの雰囲気に飲まれたままミスを重ね、3点目、4点目を失い、事実上、ここで勝敗が決してしまった。

なぜ、前半3分の先制点がアメリカに生まれたのか。そこにはアメリカの策があった。

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■守り方の違い 人につく「マンツーマン」と場所を守る「ゾーン」

サッカーにおける守りかたは、人を守る「マンツーマン」と場所を守る「ゾーン」に大きく2つに分かれる。なでしこジャパンは人を守るマンツーマンの守備を採用している。

マンツーマンの長所は、相手の選手に付いて行って守るため、守備側が見失ったり外されたりしない限り、攻撃側が自由な状態にはならないこと。一方で、相手の動きについていくので、自分たちの位置をコントロールできないのが短所となる。

ゾーンの長所は、人ではなく、あらかじめ決めた区域(ゾーン)を守るため、相手のいる位置に左右されず、危険なゾーンを守れること。短所は、人でなくゾーンを守っているため、スピードに乗って自分のゾーンに走ってくる相手に振り切られやすいことなどがある。

なでしこは相手のコーナーキックなど、セットプレー時には「マンツーマン」を選んでいる。主な理由は、身長差だ。FIFAのデータによれば、決勝戦のスタメンの平均身長を見てみると、なでしこジャパンは163.5センチ、アメリカは169.3センチとおよそ6センチの差がある。ただでさえ高さのある相手にゾーンで守り、走り込んで来られれば高さではまずかなわない。

それならば、身長で負けていても相手にしっかりつき、相手を自由にさせないことで失点を防ぐためにマンツーマンを選んでいると思われる。実際、イングランド戦でも高さのある相手に対して、DF岩清水らが体を張っていたため、最後の最後で食い止めることができていた。

■日本を研究していたアメリカ

前半3分のアメリカのコーナーキックに話を戻す。

高さを警戒した日本は、コーナーキック前、アメリカの選手にぴったりとマンマークに付いている。FIFA公式動画にもこの様子が収められている。

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同じコーナーキックの守備を、ゾーンで守ったらどうなるか。準決勝のアメリカ対ドイツ戦。赤いユニフォームのドイツは人でなく、ゾーンを守っているのがわかるだろう。

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ここで、日本が選んだマンマークの弱点を思い出して欲しい。

それは「相手についていくので、自分たちの場所をコントロールできないこと」。

もう一度同じシーンを見てみよう。アメリカの選手がゴール前に固まっているため、少し離れたゾーンにスペースがあることがわかる。これを作り出すために、アメリカはゴール前に人を集めていた。

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このスペースを狙っていたのが、ゴールを決めたアメリカの10番、ロイドだ。ロイドはペナルティエリアの外で待機している。そのロイドをマンマークしなければいけないのは、岩清水だ。

このシーンを見れば分かる通り、岩清水はロイドを追いかけてピッタリつくのではなく、ペナルティエリアで待機している。つまりマンマークではなく、ゾーンのようにして守っている。

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ゾーンの弱点――「スピードに乗って自分の場所に走ってくる相手に振り切られやすいこと」。

ロイドを見つつも、足を止めてゾーンを守る岩清水。そこに全速力で走り込もうとするロイド。これこそ、アメリカが狙っていたことだった。

そこに、予想していた高いボールでなく、低くて速いボール――。「勝負あり」の瞬間だった。

試合後、岩清水は「ロイドが来るのは分かっていたが、予想以上のスピードだった」と振り返る。佐々木監督も「細かいセットプレーなども緻密な策を展開された」と認めざるを得ない失点だった。

■本当にこれはアメリカの研究の成果なのか?

では、アメリカは本当に日本対策としてこの作戦を用いたのか。

間違いない。

実はイングランド戦でも同じようなシーンがある。65分のイングランドのコーナーキック、直線的なボールを蹴って、外側から全力で走りこんできた選手が頭で合わせるシーンだ。この狙いはアメリカの決勝戦における先取点と同じだ。(公式ハイライト動画にこのシーンは収録されていない)

オランダ戦でも、セットプレーをマンツーマンで守ってゴール前に密集、こぼれた球を離れたところからシュートを打たれる、というシーンがある。ゴール前の密集と、離れたところのスペース。選手の配置が、まさにアメリカ戦1点目の失点シーンと瓜二つだ。

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オランダ戦でシュートを浴びるシーン

マンツーマンで守ったセットプレーの時にできる「スペース」。この弱点をアメリカが研究し、攻略してきたことは確実だろう。

続くアメリカの2点目にも駆け引きが見られる。1点目を陥れたスペースを狙うのではなく、今度はゴール前に低く速いボールを入れ、日本守備陣を混乱させた。策を仕掛け、混乱させ、駆け引きする。この2点で、試合の大勢が決まってしまった。

ワールドカップの決勝戦。大舞台で見せたアメリカの秘策が、こうして日本の連覇の夢を打ち破った。

なでしこジャパン、決勝戦
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