東京の森(1)聖地だからこそ緑の空間が残った

あらためてその周囲を散策したり、外苑前駅、青山一丁目駅、代々木駅、千駄ヶ谷駅、信濃町駅等からの周辺最寄駅からのアプローチや、外苑西通り、外苑東通り、青山通り、明治通り、首都高速からの周辺景観を確認しまして、都心に今のような聖地としての広大な緑の空間が残されていることがひとつの奇跡なのだ、という思いを強くいたしました。
|

東北を襲った震災からはや3年が経過いたしました。

現在でも仮設住居での生活を余儀なくされている方、元の生業がなかなか再開できない方、故郷の景観が損なわれてしまった方、ご家族や友人知人を亡くされた多くの方々に深く哀悼の意とお見舞いを申し上げます。

さらには、いまだ収束を見ない原発事故の行方も非常に憂慮しております。

あらためて、事態の一刻も早い解決と被災地復興をお祈りいたします。

この数カ月で新国立競技場建設コンペにおける諸問題について、

様々なメディアでもその状況や理由や建築業界の慣習なんかも

多くの方々と問題の共有がはかれたことは望外の喜びでした。

特に、現国立競技場を何度か訪れる機会を得ていろいろと気づくことも多かったです。

あらためてその周囲を散策したり、外苑前駅、青山一丁目駅、代々木駅、千駄ヶ谷駅、信濃町駅等からの周辺最寄駅からのアプローチや、外苑西通り、外苑東通り、青山通り、明治通り、首都高速からの周辺景観を確認しまして、

Open Image Modal

都心に今のような聖地としての広大な緑の空間が残されていることがひとつの奇跡なのだ、という思いを強くいたしました。

神宮外苑周辺の歴史をふり返ってみると

元々ここがそういった場所、聖地ではなかったことをみなさんご存じでしょうか

今の明治神宮内苑は江戸時代までは彦根藩の屋敷があったところ、

外苑は日向飫肥藩の屋敷があったところです。

それが明治維新により、代々木御料地となり青山練兵場となりました。

Open Image Modal

実はそれ以前の、江戸時代までの聖地は上野だったんです。

Open Image Modal

上野の寛永寺が徳川家の菩提寺であり、歴代将軍が埋葬されていたのです。

三代将軍家光の時代に天海僧正により建立され長く壮大な規模を誇っておりましたが、幕末の彰義隊の戦いで堂塔伽藍のほとんどを消失してしまいました。

その後に、明治9年に設けられたのが上野公園なんですね。

時代の変遷とともに、時の為政者の交代によって聖地が移動したわけですが、

現代の東京の航空写真を見てみますと、

このように都内全域は建造物によりグレーに塗りつぶされています。

Open Image Modal

しかしながら、その中に浮かぶ緑の島のようなもの、

それが今現在都心に唯一残されている開放緑地です。

東京は太田道灌(おおたどうかん)の時代から広大な湿地帯を埋め立てながら徐々に開発してきたもので、徳川家康が豊臣秀吉の命によって駿河から関八州に転封されてから大きく広がりました。

太田道灌のころは、かなりのところまで海ですね。

Open Image Modal

みなさんは江戸城開祖といわれる太田道灌って名前は聞いたことがあるかもしれないんですが、よほどの戦国通でないと一体この人はどんな人?って感じだと思います。

戦国時代というのは群雄が割拠して下剋上が起こって、、と、織田信長はご存じですよね。

その織田信長よりも100年前くらいに生まれて、信長が生まれる50年ほど前に亡くなりました。だから、信長とかぶっていない。

メインエベントで登場していないから有名なのに何やった人かあまり知られていないんですね。

関東管領という、関八州の長であった上杉家のナンバーツーとして、関東圏のもめごとをすべて解決し関東発展の礎を築いた人です。

赤坂の日枝神社や九段の築土神社などを勧請し造営したりもしています。

上杉家のもめごとをうまく収めて主家をしのぐ力を得たのですが、

下剋上しなかった、すればよかったのに。

結果、主家からずっと妬まれ恐れられて最後は暗殺されてしまいました。

信長が活躍したころを戦国時代のど真ん中とすると、その前段階プレ戦国時代ってころの人、北条早雲と同級生です。

その後江戸幕府300年の平和な時代通じて世界的にも目を見張るほど大きな都市になった。

Open Image Modal

その後、明治維新を経て大正、昭和まで著しい近代化を受け入れる中でも、

それまでの伝統文化をうまく残してきたのが日本人です。

↓戦前に採られたカラー写真

Open Image Modal

戦前の街並みの空撮を見ても今と変わらないどころか、特にビル建築の意匠については戦前の建築家の方が秀でていると思われます。

Open Image Modal

自動車だけは時代を感じさせますが、他は今とあまり変わらない、

変わらないどころか景観としてはむしろいいんじゃないでしょうか

Open Image Modal

それが、

太平洋戦争に突入、東京大空襲でいったん灰燼に帰しました。

Open Image Modal

しかし戦後復興から高度成長期を経て経済発展の後に今があります。

Open Image Modal

それぞれの時代を通じ、東京の中心に市民の憩いの場、動植物も含めた自然環境が維持された場所、そのことによって日本の文化の中心的役割をもった空間として存在し続けているのが、このライトグレーの海に浮かぶ緑の島のような場所です。

これらの森はみな自然に残っていたものが、開発の手を逃れて森になったわけではないのです。

元々の他の用途であった土地を聖地と定めた。

その聖地を森とした。

その森を守り育ててきた。

だから残っているのです。

それが東京の森です。

一見、鬱蒼とした原生林に見える明治神宮の森も、

まだ100年ほどしかたっていない。

明治45年(1911年)明治天皇陛下崩御の後、陵墓は京都の伏見桃山に決まりました。が、当時の東京の有力者や市民は明治天皇の陵墓を「ぜひ東京に」と強く要望し、伏見桃山に決定されてからも、明治天皇の御神霊をお祀りし御聖徳を偲ぶ神宮を東京に創建するよう政府にに要望したのです。

これは、全国的な気運となり、大正2年(1913年)明治神宮建設の計画が決まったものです。

そのときに神宮の造林計画が立てられたのですが

その基本方針は、日本の神社の伝統にならい、

1.神苑にふさわしく世間の騒々しさがまったく感じられない荘厳な風致をつくる

2.常に大木が鬱蒼とし、天然更新により、永久に繁茂する森を育てる

3.森の自然の力によって神宮を荘厳なものにしてゆく

というものです。

東京にあらたなる、「永遠の森」を造ろうとしたのです。

そのためには、自然林に近い状態をつくり上げ、原生林と化し永遠に維持存続させなければなりません。

そもそも、我が国では古代から、森に神が鎮まりたまうという考え方があります。

むしろ、森そのものが神社あるいは御神体として崇敬されてもきました。

そのため、長期的な林相の変化を予想した高度な植栽計画が立てられました。

その計画を立案したのは、樹林・樹木の専門家である川瀬善太郎林学博士、本多静六林学博士、本郷高徳博士です。

ざっと以下のような計画です。

(都市研究センター研究理事 山口 智氏論文「明治神宮の森」より抜粋)

(第一次の林相)→当初

明治神宮の森の創設時に主木とされたのは、御料地時代からのアカマツ、クロマツであった。そして、このアカマツ、クロマツよりもやや低い層としてヒノキ、

サワラ、スギ、モミなどの針葉樹を交え、さらに低い層に将来主林木になるカシ、シイ、クスなどの常緑広葉樹を配し、最も低いところに常緑小喬木と潅木を植栽

(第二次の林相)→昭和時代

創設当時の主木で、森の最上層をなすマツ類はかなりの成長が予想されるが、やがてヒノキ、サワラなどの旺盛な生育に圧倒されて、次第に衰退し、数十年後にはこれらがマツに代わって森の最上層を支配すると予想された。この段階では、マツ類はヒノキ、サワラ類の間に点々と散在する状態となる。

そして、その下の層のカシ、シイ、クスなどの常緑広葉樹が成長し、ヒノキ、サワラなどと成長を競うようになる。

(第三次の林相)→平成の今、現在

森の創設後百年内外でカシ、シイ、クス類が支配木となって全域を覆い、常緑広葉樹の森になる。その常緑広葉樹の中にスギ、ヒノキ、サワラ、モミ、クロマツといった針葉樹と、場所によってはケヤキ、ムク、イチョウなどが混生する状態になる。

(第四次の林相)→これから

第三次からさらに数十年から百余年経つと、針葉樹は消滅し、純然たるカシ、シイ、クス類に覆われた鬱蒼たる森になる。

林内には自然に落下する種子から発生する多くの常緑樹の若木や小潅木が育ち、ここに至って永久に自然に森の更新(天然更新)が行われるようになる。

この林苑造成に必要とされる多くの樹木は全国から献木されました。

そして作業には多くの奉仕団ボランティア組織によりおこなわれました。

Open Image Modal
Open Image Modal

明治神宮はその土地からして、多くの人々の犠牲や献身の元成った、明治維新時に彦根藩や飫肥藩の土地が提供され、新政府の用地となり造営されたものなのです。その土地や建物はもちろんのこと、そこに自生する動植物までもが全国民の精神と文化のよりしろであって、

これだけ先人が心をくだいて、がんばって守りぬいてきた森を壊すとか潰すとか、改造してやるとか、ましてや特定の個人や民間企業に利益誘導することなど、断じてまかりなりません。

つづく

(2014年3月11日「建築エコノミスト 森山のブログ」より転載)

2020年東京オリンピック招致
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(01 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (C) and the Tokyo 2020 bid delegation look on during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(02 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: (L-R) Governor of Tokyo, Naoki Inose and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe sit in the announcement hall prior to the 125th IOC Session 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
OLY-2020-IOC-MEETING-JAPAN-TOKYO-ABE(03 of58)
Open Image Modal
Japan\'s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe leads the Tokyo 2020 delegation before bid for their city to host the 2020 Olympic Games during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina on September 7, 2013. The International Olympic Committee will meet to elect the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympic Games on September 7 also will consider adding a new sport for the 2020 Olympic program and elect a new president on September 10. AFP PHOTO / Juan Mabromata (Photo credit should read JUAN MABROMATA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(04 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaks during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(05 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Christel Takigawa, \'Cool Tokyo\' Ambassador talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Convention Centre on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(06 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Christel Takigawa, \'Cool Tokyo\' Ambassador talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Convention Centre on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2020年五輪招致・太田とロボットの「MIRATA」 (07 of58)
Open Image Modal
2020年夏季五輪東京招致委員会の記者会見で、フェンシング男子の太田雄貴(右)と一緒にフェンシングの動きを披露するロボットの「MIRATA」=4日、ブエノスアイレス (credit:時事通信社)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(08 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Naoki Inose, Governor of Tokyo and Chairman Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee looks on during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Convention Centre on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(09 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Mami Sato talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(10 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Ryosuke Irie talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(11 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Kenta Chida talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(12 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaks attends a press conference during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(13 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge shows the name of the city of Tokyo elected to host the 2020 Summer Olympics during a session of the IOC in Buenos Aires, on September 7, 2013. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini /Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(14 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: The Tokyo 2020 bid delegation celebrate as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Games during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(15 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (3L) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(16 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (2R) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(17 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: The Tokyo 2020 bid delegation celebrate as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Games during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(18 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Olympic fencing medalist, Yuki Ota (R) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(19 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Olympic fencing medalist, Yuki Ota (R) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(20 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: (R-L) Tokyo 2020 CEO Masato Mizuno, Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe, Governor of Tokyo, Naoki Inose and \'Cool Tokyo\' Ambassador Christel Takigawa celebrate as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(21 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (C) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(22 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Olympic fencing medalist, Yuki Ota (R) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(23 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (C) celebrates with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(24 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe (R) and Governor of Tokyo, Naoki Inose celebrate with the delegation as Tokyo is awarded the 2020 Summer Olympic Gamesduring the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(25 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: IOC President Jacques Rogge (L) delivers a diploma to president of the Japanese Olympic Committee and Tokyo 2020 delegation, Tsunekazu Takeda, after the final presentation of the Tokyo 2020 bid before the International Olympic Committee (IOC) members during an IOC session on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires. Tokyo, Istanbul and Madrid, the three cities bidding to host the 2020 Summer Olympics had their final presentation prior to vote verdict due to be announced by IOC President Jacques Rogge. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini /Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(26 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: (L-R) Mami Sato, Masato Mizuno, Tsunekazu Takeda, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Naoki Inose, Christel Takigawa and Yuki Ota pose after a press conference during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(27 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe waves after the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini /Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(28 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: (L-R) Tokyo 2020 President, Tsunekazu Takeda, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Governor of Tokyo Naoki Inose attend a press conference during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(29 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaks during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
People React to 2020 Olympic Host Announcement in Japan(30 of58)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO, JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 08: Former Olympic athletes Hiromi Miyake (C) and Yoshiyuki Miyake (R) cheer in support of Tokyo\'s bid for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, during the viewing of 2020 Summer Olympic Games host city announcement at Tosho Hall on September 8, 2013 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Atsushi Tomura/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
People React to 2020 Olympic Host Announcement in Japan(31 of58)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO, JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 08: Former Olympic athletes Ai Shibata (L) and Junichi Miyashita (R) cheer in support of Tokyo\'s bid for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, during the viewing of 2020 Summer Olympic Games host city announcement at Tosho Hall on September 8, 2013 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Atsushi Tomura/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
People React to 2020 Olympic Host Announcement in Japan(32 of58)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO, JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 08: Former Olympic athletes Hiromi Miyake (C) and Yoshiyuki Miyake (R) cheer in support of Tokyo\'s bid for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games with the other audience, during the viewing of 2020 Summer Olympic Games host city announcement at Tosho Hall on September 8, 2013 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Atsushi Tomura/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
People React to 2020 Olympic Host Announcement in Japan(33 of58)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO, JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 08: Naotoshi Yamada (L) and Shuzo Matsuoka (R) cheer in support of Tokyo\'s bid for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, during the viewing of 2020 Summer Olympic Games host city announcement at Tosho Hall on September 8, 2013 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Atsushi Tomura/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
20年五輪招致・安倍首相とフェリペ皇太子(34 of58)
Open Image Modal
IOC総会開会式の前に、スペインのフェリペ皇太子(中央左)と談笑する安倍晋三首相、高円宮妃久子さま(右端)(アルゼンチン・ブエノスアイレス) (credit:AFP時事)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(35 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 6: Spain\'s Crown Prince Felipe (C) and Princess Letizia greet Japanese Crown Princess Masako prior to the opening ceremony of the 125th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 6, 2013 at Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, Argentina. IOC members will vote in Buenos Aires on September 7 to decide whether to award the 2020 Games to Istanbul, Madrid or Tokyo. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini-Pool/GettyImages) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(36 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 6: Japanese Princess Takamado (L) smiles next to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe prior to the opening ceremony of the 125th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 6, 2013 at Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, Argentina. IOC members will vote in Buenos Aires on September 7 to decide whether to award the 2020 Games to Istanbul, Madrid or Tokyo. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini-Pool/GettyImages) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(37 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Prince Felipe of Spain and Princess Letizia of Spain attend the Opening Ceremony of the 125th IOC Session at Teatro Colon on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(38 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 6: Japanese Princess Takamado (L) gestures next to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe prior to the opening ceremony of the 125th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 6, 2013 at Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, Argentina. IOC members will vote in Buenos Aires on September 7 to decide whether to award the 2020 Games to Istanbul, Madrid or Tokyo. (Photo by Fabrice Coffrini-Pool/GettyImages) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(39 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Prince Felipe of Spain and Princess Letizia of Spain attend the Opening Ceremony of the 125th IOC Session at Teatro Colon on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(40 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Prince Felipe of Spain attends the Opening Ceremony of the 125th IOC Session at Teatro Colon on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(41 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: IOC President Jacques Rogge meets Her Imperial Highness Princess Takamado and other delegates of Tokyo 2020 at the Hilton Hotel on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(42 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Prince Felipe of Spain and Princess Letizia of Spain attend the Opening Ceremony of the 125th IOC Session at Teatro Colon on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
20年五輪招致・ポーズを取る猪瀬知事ら(43 of58)
Open Image Modal
記者会見を終え、ポーズを取る(左から)フリーアナウンサーの滝川クリステルさん、猪瀬直樹東京都知事、フェンシング男子の太田雄貴選手(アルゼンチン・ブエノスアイレス) (credit:AFP時事)
2020年五輪招致・記者会見した選手たち (44 of58)
Open Image Modal
東京招致に向け、記者会見した選手たち=5日、ブエノスアイレス (credit:時事通信社)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(45 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Members of the Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee pose after a press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(46 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Saburo Kawabuchi talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(47 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Rie Tanaka talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(48 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Daichi Suzuki talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(49 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Yuko Arakida, Tokyo 2020 sports director, looks on during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(50 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Saburo Kawabuchi talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(51 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Yuko Arakida (C), Tokyo 2020 sports director, pose with Yasuhiro Yamashita (L) and Yuki Ota (R) after a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 2(52 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 05: Yuko Arimori talks to the media during a Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee press conference ahead of the 125th IOC Session at Sheraton Buenos Aires Hotel and Conveention Centre on September 5, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(53 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Governor of Tokyo, Naoki Inose speaks during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Ian Walton/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
125th IOC Session Buenos Aires - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement(54 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 07: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaks during the Tokyo 2020 bid presentation during the 125th IOC Session - 2020 Olympics Host City Announcement at Hilton Hotel on September 7, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Pool/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2020年五輪招致・五輪開催を願うキャンドルアート(55 of58)
Open Image Modal
2020年の五輪東京開催願い、増上寺境内に灯されたキャンドルアート=5日午後、東京都港区 (credit:時事通信社)
2020年五輪招致・五輪開催を願うキャンドルアート(56 of58)
Open Image Modal
2020年の五輪東京開催願い、増上寺境内に灯されたキャンドルアート=5日午後、東京都港区 (credit:時事通信社)
金色にライトアップされたスカイツリー(57 of58)
Open Image Modal
東京スカイツリーが24日夜、2020年五輪招致をテーマに、東京都墨田区の小学生から募集したデザインを点灯し、金色にライトアップされた。五輪開催都市の決まる前夜の9月7日まで行われる。 (credit:時事通信社)
125th IOC Session In Buenos Aires - Day 3(58 of58)
Open Image Modal
BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA - SEPTEMBER 06: Prince Felipe of Spain and Princess Letizia of Spain attend the Opening Ceremony of the 125th IOC Session at Teatro Colon on September 6, 2013 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Photo by Scott Halleran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
東京オリンピック(1964) 画像集
東京五輪(01 of29)
Open Image Modal
スタンドで観戦する読売巨人軍の長嶋茂雄(中央右)と王貞治(同左)(東京・国立競技場) \n\n撮影日: 1964/10 (credit:時事通信社)
Japanese Royals(02 of29)
Open Image Modal
Crown Prince Akihito of Japan watches the start of the marathon at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, accompanied by his wife Michiko and their son Naruhito (known as Prince Hiro). (Photo by Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Central Press via Getty Images)
Opening Ceremonies(03 of29)
Open Image Modal
Pictured here is Tokyo Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 10, 1964. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
1964 Summer Olympics(04 of29)
Open Image Modal
Vapor trails from Japanese Air Force jets from the Olympic emblem of five rings above the National Stadium in Tokyo today for the official opening of the XVIII Olympiad, first even held in Asia, Oct. 10, 1964. More than 7,000 athletes from 94 nations are competing. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Opening Ceremonies(05 of29)
Open Image Modal
Pictured here is Tokyo Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 10, 1964. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Postage stamp commemorating Tokyo Olympics(06 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 06: Postage stamp commemorating the Tokyo Olympics, 1964, depicting the Olympic flame. Japan, 20th century. Japan (Photo by DeAgostini/Getty Images) (credit:DEA / A. DAGLI ORTI via Getty Images)
Postage stamp commemorating Tokyo Olympics(07 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 06: Postage stamp commemorating the Tokyo Olympics, 1964, depicting weight lifting. Japan, 20th century. Japan (Photo by DeAgostini/Getty Images) (credit:DEA / A. DAGLI ORTI via Getty Images)
Postage stamp commemorating Tokyo Olympics(08 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 06: Postage stamp commemorating the Tokyo Olympics, 1964, depicting football match. Japan, 20th century. Japan (Photo by DeAgostini/Getty Images) (credit:DEA / A. DAGLI ORTI via Getty Images)
Postage stamp commemorating Tokyo Olympics(09 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - SEPTEMBER 06: Postage stamp commemorating the Tokyo Olympics, 1964, depicting horse riding, swimming, fencing, running and pistol shooting. Japan, 20th century. Japan (Photo by DeAgostini/Getty Images) (credit:DEA / A. DAGLI ORTI via Getty Images)
Olympic Summer 1964 Tokyo Japan Olympis Stadium Opening Ceremony(10 of29)
Open Image Modal
Aerial view of the Olympic stadium in Tokyo on Oct. 10, 1964 as teams of the countries represented filed in for the ceremonial opening of the Olympic Games. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Yoyogi National Gymnasium(11 of29)
Open Image Modal
An aerial view of the Yoyogi National Gymnasium, circa 1965. Designed by Kenzo Tange to house the swimming and diving events in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, it is now a major venue for basketball and ice hockey. (Photo by Three Lions/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Three Lions via Getty Images)
Olympic Village(12 of29)
Open Image Modal
The construction of the National Gymnasium of the Olympic Village at Yoyogi in Tokyo, where the athletes will live for the duration of the games, 6th June 1964. The building was designed by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
東京オリンピック準備(13 of29)
Open Image Modal
駒沢は明治神宮外苑について東京大会の第2会場となる。右上はサッカーが行われる陸上競技場。左下はレスリング会場となる体育館(東京・世田谷区)\n\n撮影日:1964年03月 (credit:時事通信社)
Opening Ceremonies(14 of29)
Open Image Modal
Pictured here are the festivities at the opening ceremony of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 10, 1964. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
東京五輪・開会式 (15 of29)
Open Image Modal
東京五輪開会式で入場する日本選手団(東京・国立競技場) \n\n撮影日: 1964/10/10 (credit:時事通信社)
Tokyo Olympic Opening Ceremony(16 of29)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO - OCTOBER 10: The Olympic flag is being carried during the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympic at the National Stadium on October 10, 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Sankei Archive via Getty Images) (credit:Sankei Archive via Getty Images)
Torch Lighting(17 of29)
Open Image Modal
Pictured here are the stairs leading the Olympic Torch at Tokyo Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 10, 1964. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
The 1964 Tokyo Olympic Opening Ceremony(18 of29)
Open Image Modal
TOKYO, JAPAN - OCTOBER 10: The Olympic fflag flies over the scoreboard showing the list of the parade of Nations during the opening ceremonies for the XVIII Olympiad at the Olympic Stadium on October 10, 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Michael Ochs Archive/Getty Images) *** Local Caption *** (credit:Getty Images)
Olympic Village(19 of29)
Open Image Modal
Members of the Tokyo Olympic Committee make a final inspection of the Olympic Village at Yoyogi in Tokyo, where the athletes will live for the duration of the games, 1964. The site, formerly called Washington Heights, was once home to US soldiers and their families. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Olympic Village(20 of29)
Open Image Modal
The National Gymnasium of the Olympic Village at Yoyogi in Tokyo, where the athletes will live for the duration of the games, 1964. (Photo by Keystone Features/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Pole Vaulting Of John Pennel At The Olympic Games Of Tokyo In 1964(21 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - JANUARY 01: Pole Vaulting Of The American John Pennel Fro The Final Of The Olympic Games Of Tokyo In 1964. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Polina Astakhova(22 of29)
Open Image Modal
Soviet gymnast Polina Astakhova of the Ukraine after a training session before the Tokyo Olympics, 8th October 1964. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Shuji Tsurumi With Rings At The Olympic Games Of Tokyo 1964(23 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - APRIL 18: The Japanese Shuji Tsurimi With Rings At The Olympic Games Of Tokyo On October 19, 1964. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
1964 Summer Olympics(24 of29)
Open Image Modal
1964 Summer Olympics -- Pictured: Japanese spectators outside the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan -- Photo by: NBCU Photo Bank (credit:Getty Images)
Japan Tokyo Streets(25 of29)
Open Image Modal
The changing face of Tokyo shows itself in this view which includes the gigantic Miyake-Zaka underground highway interchange on April 13, 1964. It is one of many construction jobs through which Tokyo is preparing for the Olympics opening next October and for its future growth. Roads and subways being built are behind the needs. (AP Photo/Koichiro Morita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Tokyo Japan Streets(26 of29)
Open Image Modal
In a race to catch up with traffic, work is rushed on a mammoth highway interchange at Miyake Zaka in Tokyo on April 13, 1964. When the $34 million project is completed, two arterial highways will crisscross underground. Much of the road construction in Tokyo is done at night as the city gets ready for the Olympics opening in October. (AP Photo/Koichiro Morita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Tokyo Streets(27 of29)
Open Image Modal
New freeways are rushed on Dec. 16, 1963 as part of the gigantic face-lifting Tokyo is getting for the Olympics opening in October 1964. Buildings and bridges also are going up so fast that some critics warn that safety sometimes is passed up. An elevated expressway and a swimming pool roof under construction collapsed with one death and 25 injuries. (AP Photo) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Olympic HQ(28 of29)
Open Image Modal
September 1964: Olympic cars lined up outside the old palace in Tokyo which is the headquarters of the Olympic Committee. (Photo by Douglas Miller/Keystone Features/Getty Images) (credit:Douglas Miller via Getty Images)
Emblems Of The Olympic Games And Of The City Of Tokyo On The Shops 1959(29 of29)
Open Image Modal
JAPAN - JUNE 01: The Shop Keepers Installing The Emblems Of The Olympic Games And Of The City Of Tokyo Next To One Another For The Coming Games Which Would Take Place In The Japanese Capital On June 1, 1964. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images) (credit:Keystone-France via Getty Images)