ビキニ環礁の水爆実験【動画】 第五福竜丸事件から60年

今から60年前に行われたビキニ環礁での水爆実験。アメリカの第七統合任務部隊の報告ビデオには、当時の実験の様子が収められている。
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ビキニ環礁で水爆実験が行われてから、3月1日で60年を迎える。

1954年3月1日、アメリカは太平洋のマーシャル諸島にあるビキニ環礁で、水爆実験「ブラボー実験」を行った。アメリカは1946年から1958年にかけて、ビキニ環礁で23回の核実験を行ったが、最も規模が大きかったのがブラボー実験で、広島に投下された原爆の1000倍の威力を持っていたと言われている。

当時、ビキニ環礁東海域を航行していた静岡県のマグロ漁船「第五福竜丸」は乗組員23人が被ばくし、無線長の久保山愛吉さんは半年後に亡くなった。広い範囲に放射性物質を含んだ「死の灰」が降り注ぎ、周辺に住む島民も数多く被ばく。今も健康被害を訴える人たちが少なくない。

ブラボー実験はどのようなものだったのか。アメリカの第七統合任務部隊(Joint Task Force Seven)による報告ビデオには、1954年から行われたブラボー実験を含む、6回の水爆実験「キャッスル作戦」の様子が収められている。

上の動画は爆発の箇所だけを抜き出したもの

核実験の結果、住民は別の島へ強制移住させられた。ビキニ地方政府で働くLani Kramerさんは、強制移住させられたことで何千年も続いた伝統が失われてしまったと話す。

「ビキニ島民のための再定住信託基金」に約20億円を拠出し、その後、除染のために約90億円を追加した。除染の基準は福島第一原発事故で日本政府が掲げた長期目標と同じ「年間1ミリシーベルト」で、1996年に本格的な除染を開始している。しかし2001年、アメリカは国内における被曝基準をさらに厳しい基準に変更した。

2001年になって米環境保護局が、米国内での放射線の被曝基準として年間0・15ミリシーベルトとする目安を打ち出した。ビキニ地方政府もこの基準変更にならった。従来より厳しい基準で除染をするにはコストは当然かさむ。基金の残高ではとても対応できないと、それ以降は除染そのものがストップしてしまった。

(朝日新聞デジタル「(ビキニ60年)核の傷痕 帰れないふるさと」より 2014/02/25 02:08)

放射性物質に対する不安は今も住民の間に残っている。「戻りたくない」と話すのはEvelyn Ralpho-Jeadrikさん。故郷はブラボー実験の後に「死の灰」が降ったロンゲラップだ。

(Evelyn Ralpho-Jeadrikさん)「私は安全だとは思わないし、私の子どもを危険にさらしたくない」

(PHYS.ORG「Islanders afraid to go home 60 years after Bikini Atoll H-bomb」より 2014/03/01)

60年が経過した今も、不安が拭えないビキニ環礁。住民が島に戻る日は、いつになるのか。

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