Dondi Tawatao via Getty Images
フィリピンのアキノ大統領が、被災した現地自治体を批判した政治的背景
台風30号で壊滅的な被害を受けたフィリピン・レイテ島の復興をめぐって、あらたな問題が表面化している。被害が集中したタクロバン市は、かつてのフィリピンの独裁者マルコス元大統領の影響が強い地域で、アキノ現政権との関係がよくない。政治的対立が復興の妨げになるとの懸念が浮上している。
フィリピンのアキノ大統領は、11月10日、被災地であるタクロバンを視察し「被災者が必要とするあらゆる支援を行う」とのコメントを行った。
だが一方で「災害対策の基本的な責任は地方政府にある」として、タクロバン市の準備不足が災害を招いたとも取れる発言を行った。
これに対してタクロバンのロムアルデス市長は「市職員も皆被災している。トラックが2台しかない状態では対策の取りようがない」と激しく反論している。
こうしたアキノ大統領の発言の背景には、フィリピンにおける長年にわたる政治的対立の影響がある。レイテ島のタクロバン市は、かつてフィリピンの独裁者であったマルコス元大統領のイメルダ夫人の出身地であり、現在でもマルコス大統領関係者の影響力が強い地域である。現在タクロバン市長を務めているロムアルデス氏もイメルダ夫人の親類だ。
マルコス元大統領による独裁や人権侵害を糾弾し、民主化運動のリーダーとして立ち上がったのが、アキノ現大統領の父親であるベノグノ・アキノ氏である。アキノ氏はマルコス政権によって暗殺されたが、その後、マルコス大統領が追放された後は、妻であるコラソン・アキノ氏が大統領に就任し、現在は息子であるアキノ氏が大統領となっている。
マルコス大統領は、国を私物化し、多くの人権侵害を行ったが、地方を中心に統制的な経済政策を支持する声もあった。今でもマルコス支持派が多数を占めている地域が多数あり、タクロバンはそのひとつである。
フィリピンは、大小7000もの島々で国土を形成する特殊な国で、地域の独自性が強い。また全国一律のインフラ整備が難しく、経済成長に取り残された地域も多い。被害を受けたタクロバンも空路しか物資を運ぶルートが確保できない状態であり、これが被災者の救援を遅らせているといわれる。
現地では感染症が蔓延するピークに差し掛かっているといわれており、今後さらに二次的な犠牲者が増えてくる可能性がある。
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