9.11の被害者が「テロ支援国」サウジアラビアを提訴できる法案可決 オバマ大統領は拒否権発動へ

「大統領がこの法案に署名するのは困難だ」
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アメリカ下院議会は9月9日、9.11(アメリカ同時多発テロ事件)のテロ攻撃に関与したという理由で被害者家族がサウジアラビアなどの外国政府を提訴できる法案を可決した。上院では5月に可決されており、残るはオバマ大統領による署名のみとなっている。

この事態を、ホワイトハウスは望んでいなかった。

テロ支援者制裁法(JASTA)として知られるこの法案は、テロリストグループに関与した疑いのあるサウジアラビアおよびその他の国が、アメリカの裁判所で法的免除を行使することを禁じる内容だ。テロリズム支援国に指定されていない場合の法的免除を与えた1976年の外国主権免責法(FSIA)を超越する法案である。

ニューヨークの裁判所は、テロ攻撃に資金的な援助を与えた疑いがあるとして9/11の被害者がサウジアラビアを訴えた際、きまってこれを退けている。サウジアラビアはテロについて、いかなる責任もないと主張しているが、19人のハイジャック犯のうち15人がサウジ国籍だった。

オバマ政権は何カ月にもわたり、国外のアメリカ人に法的なリスクが及び、世界の裁判制度の中でアメリカの立場を脆弱にするとして法案の成立阻止に動いていた。法案が成立したらサウジアラビアが何千億ドルというアメリカ資産を売却するなど報復措置を取るという恐れを、ホワイトハウスは十分認識している。

ホワイトハウスのジョシュ・アーネスト報道官は5月、「大統領がこの法案に署名するのは困難だ」と語っていた。

オバマ大統領が与党首脳に反対するのは異例のことだ。議会ではこの法案に超党派的な賛同が寄せられているほか、議会関係者によると、大統領拒否権を覆せるだけの議決数を確保できそうだという。上院の可決は全会一致、 9日に行われた下院の発声投票でも反対者は1人もいなかった。無所属のバーニー・サンダース上院議員も法案の提案者に加わった。

法案提出者のチャック・シューマー上院議員(民主党、ニューヨーク州選出)は、「9/11の被害者家族に対する正義を確保するため、下院が大きな一歩を踏み出してくれたのを嬉しく思います。正義が妨げられるような政治的配慮があるかもしれないが、サウジの9/11への関与を裁判所が認めたら、サウジには説明責任が生まれます。サウジは間違ったことをしていないのなら、何も心配する必要はないのです」と語った。

テロのあった9/11から15年年を迎える2日前に、法案は可決された。

アーネスト報道官は9日、法案の動向についてメールで「立場は何も変わっていない」と述べた。拒否権発動を示唆する内容だ。

シューマー議員とリチャード・ブルメンソール(民主党、コネチカット州選出)上院議員は9日夜、オバマ大統領に法案に署名するよう要請する書簡を送った。

書簡では、「法案が成立した場合、サウジアラビアの報復措置に懸念があると行政府が表明されたことは認識している。サウジアラビアがテロ攻撃に何ら関与していないのなら法案成立で恐れることは何もないはずだ。むしろ、裁判の過程で中立な公共の場で無実を主張できる機会を与えられる。サウジアラビアに過失がある場合には、説明責任を果たしてもらうべきだ」としている。

オバマ大統領に法案への署名を訴えているのはこの2人だけではない。9/11で夫を失ったローリー・ヴァン・アウケンさんは、事件から15年目を迎える今、法案が議会を通過したことで当時を思い返したという。

テロに対する回答を早くから求め、9/11委員会の設立につなげた「ジャージーガールズ」の1人ヴァン・アウケンさんは、「9月という事実、空気はあの時と同じ、空の色も同じ……私たち被害者はみなそう感じていると思います」と語った。

法案が通過したとき、彼女は議会傍聴席で喜びをあらわにした。しかし、オバマ大統領が拒否権を発動するかもしれないという考えがよぎり、喜びはすぐさま半減したという。

アウケンさんは、「大統領が法案に署名してくれるよう願っています。そして、私たちを攻撃したあと、無傷で逃げ切れないというメッセージを伝えてほしいと思います。大統領には正しいことをしてほしいです。私たちには裁判をする価値があるのです」と語った。

執筆:Michael McAuliff

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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9/11はこんな1日だった
7:59 a.m.(01 of15)
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The four airplanes that were hijacked on 9/11 began taking off at 7:59 a.m.\n\nThe first to depart was American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767 that left Boston\'s Logan International Airport for Los Angles with 92 people on board.\n\nAt 8:14 a.m., United Airlines Flight 175 -- a Boeing 767 with 65 passengers on board -- also left Logan for Los Angeles.\n\nAmerican Airlines Flight 77 left Washington Dulles International Airport at 8:20 a.m. The plane, a Boeing 757 with 64 people on board, was bound for Los Angeles.\n\nFinally, at 8:42 a.m., United Airlines Flight 93 departed from Newark International Airport. The Boeing 757, which had 44 passengers that morning, was bound for San Francisco. (credit:Getty)
8:46 a.m.(02 of15)
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The first crash occurred at 8:46 a.m. when Flight 11 hit the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center.\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Commission Report, two flight attendants contacted American Airlines as the plane was being hijacked to provide details of the emergency. They reported the use of Mace or a similar spray, several stabbings and a bomb threat.\n\nThe last known communication from the plane came when flight attendant Madeline \"Amy\" Sweeney, on the phone with American Flight Services manager Michael Woodward, said, \"Oh my God we are way too low.\" (credit:Getty)
9:03 a.m.(03 of15)
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The second crash happened at 9:03 a.m., when Flight 175 hit the south tower of the World Trade Center.\n\nThe last communication made with air traffic control was made at 8:42 a.m., but passengers were able to provide details of the flight by contacting their families by phone.\n\nBrian Sweeney called his wife, Julie, to tell her the plane had been hijacked, and Peter Hansen told his father, Lee, \"I think they intend to go to Chicago or someplace and fly into a building.\" (credit:AP)
9:05 a.m.(04 of15)
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President George W. Bush learned of the attacks at 9:05 a.m. while sitting in a second grade classroom at an elementary school in Sarasota, Florida. White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card informed him of the attacks, whispering into his ear during the students\' reading lesson.\n\nBush recently shared his memories of that day with National Geographic. When he received news of the first plane crash at 8:50 a.m. -- just before entering the classroom -- he thought it was \"a light aircraft, and my reaction was, man, the weather was bad or something extraordinary happened to the pilot.\"\n\nIt wasn\'t until Card informed him of the second plane that Bush knew America was under attack. (credit:AP)
9:31 a.m.(05 of15)
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In an address from Emma Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, President Bush called the attacks \"a national tragedy\" and \"an apparent terrorist attack on our country.\"\n\n\"I have spoken to the vice president, to the governor of New York, to the director of the FBI, and have ordered that the full resources of the federal government go to help the victims and their families, and to conduct a full-scale investigation to hunt down and to find those folks who committed this act,\" Bush said.\n\n\"Terrorism against our nation will not stand.\" (credit:AP)
9:36 a.m.(06 of15)
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At 9:36 a.m., Secret Service agents evacuated Vice President Dick Cheney and his aides from his office to the Presidential Emergency Operations Center, a Cold War-era bunker beneath the White House. (credit:AP)
9:37 a.m.(07 of15)
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Flight 77 crashed into Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report tells how passenger Barbara Olson called her husband Ted -- the solicitor general of the United States -- to inform him of the attacks. She reported that the flight had been taken over and that the aircraft was \"flying low over houses.\"\n\nA few minutes later, air traffic controllers at Dulles International Airport observed plane on their radar traveling at \"a high rate of speed.\" Officials from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport warned the Secret Service of the aircraft shortly before Flight 77 hit the Pentagon. (credit:AP)
9:45 a.m.(08 of15)
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At 9:45 a.m. -- minutes after Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon -- the White House and U.S. Capitol were evacuated. (credit:Getty)
9:59 a.m.(09 of15)
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After burning for 56 minutes, the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed at 9:59 a.m. The fall, which killed approximately 600 workers and first responders, lasted 10 seconds. (credit:Getty)
10:03 a.m.(10 of15)
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The fourth hijacked plane crashed at 10:03 a.m. in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report says several passengers made calls from the plane and received word of the other hijackings. Upon hearing the news that major cities were being targeted, the passengers decided to revolt:\n\n
Five calls described the intent of passengers and surviving crew members to revolt against the hijackers. According to one call, they voted on whether to rush the terrorists in an attempt to retake the plane. They decided, and acted.

At 9:57, the passenger assault began. Several passengers had terminated phone calls with loved ones in order to join the revolt. One of the callers ended her message as follows:\"Everyone\'s running up to first class. I\'ve got to go. Bye.\"
\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Memorial, the hijackers deliberately crashed in a field to prevent passengers from retaking the airplane. The crash site in Shanksville is approximately 20 minutes flying time from Washington, D.C.
(credit:AP)
10:28 a.m.(11 of15)
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At 10:28 a.m., after burning for 102 minutes, the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center collapsed, killing approximately 1,400 people. (credit:Getty)
11:02 a.m.(12 of15)
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New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani ordered an evacuation of lower Manhattan at 11:02 a.m., alerting everyone south of Canal Street to get out. (credit:AP)
1:04 p.m.(13 of15)
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At 1:04 p.m., after all American air space had been cleared, President Bush addressed the nation from Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, informing citizens that the U.S. military \"at home and around the world is on high alert status.\"\n\n\"Make no mistake, the United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts,\" Bush said. (credit:AP)
5:20 p.m.(14 of15)
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Hours after the attacks that morning, the 47-story 7 World Trade Center building collapsed from ancillary damage. No one was in the building at the time. (credit:Getty)
8:30 p.m.(15 of15)
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President Bush gave his final address of the day from the White House at 8:30 p.m.\n\nFrom the Oval Office, the president informed Americans that he had implemented federal emergency response plans, noting emergency teams and the military were already at work:\n\n
Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.

The victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. Moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.

Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.

The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger.

These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation.

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