テスラ、中国で"あえて"低価格戦略をとる理由

電気自動車メーカー、テスラ・モーターズが価格が高ければ高級品とみなされる中国で、あえて価格を抑え、低価格戦略を取る。何故か。
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Reuters

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米電気自動車メーカー、テスラ・モーターズ

テスラのブランドイメージを落とす危険を伴うが、中国国営メディアや当局から価格をつり上げていると批判されている海外メーカーにとってモデルとなる可能性がある。

1月下旬、テスラはブログで上位モデル「モデルS」の中国販売価格を73万4000元(12万1400ドル)にすると明らかにした。米国販売価格より50%高いが、予想より低かった。テスラは、「回避できない」税金と輸送コストしか価格に含めていない、と説明。「業界標準の慣行に従えば、米国の倍の価格になる。しかし、われわれは違う道を行く」と述べた。

「公正な価格」と題したこのブログは、中国のネット読者から圧倒的な支持を得た。騰訊網(QQドットコム)の調査では、90%の消費者がテスラに対する支持を表明したという。

アナリストは、低価格戦略は富裕層の持つイメージを損ねる可能性があると指摘する。富裕層は、自身の名声と確かな品質のためなら追加の支出もいとわない。

ATカーニー(上海)の自動車担当プリンシパル、アンドレアス・グラフ氏は「価格の透明性は、他社との差別化を図る点ではプラス。しかし、価格の安いということ自体に大きなインパクトがあるとは思わない」とみる。

中国での販売価格は、米国などと比べてかなり割高になることが多い。メルセデス・ベンツの「SLS AMG」は310万元(50万9000ドル)。米国での最低価格を150%上回る。アウディの「TTクーペ」も米国の最低価格の倍以上の51万9000元(8万5800ドル)だ。

キャッシュバックなどで顧客囲い込みを図る動きはこれまでにもあった。しかし、海外市場と同様に中国顧客に対し価格について方針を明示したのはテスラが初めてだ。価格の透明性を巧みな販売促進戦略に仕立た。スミスストリートソリューションズ(上海)のプロジェクトマネジャー、ShawnWu氏は「価格戦略というだけでなく、価格設定の透明性向上という点で中国消費者とどう対話していくか、を示した」と指摘する。

テスラの昨年の販売台数は約2万2500台。大半が米国だった。同社は今年、中国の10─12都市に販売拠点を設ける予定で、販売増加の3分の1を中国で達成すると予想している。

<危険な賭け>

中国では、粉ミルクからハンドバッグまで、外国製品には、品質の保証とステータスシンボルというプレミアムがつき、国産品より価格が高い。

しかし、国営メディアや消費者の関心が高まるに連れ、不当に高い価格への不満が強まっている、とカンター・リテールの市場分析責任者Oceanne Zhangと指摘する。

「消費者は外国での販売価格を調べたり、海外に旅行して中国国内価格がいかに高いか知る」という。

すでに米ウォルマート・ストアーズ

昨年12月にアップル

アナリストは、テスラの「公正な価格」戦略は、他社との違いを消費者に印象付ける効果があるとみている。しかし一方で、富裕層のテスラ離れや、マージン低下のリスクも伴う。

テスラの戦略の成否は、ライバルメーカーの高い価格に不信感を持つ消費者を取り込むことができるかどうかにかかっているが、ネットでの反響を見る限り上首尾にみえる。

テスラが「公正な価格」というブログを発表した1月22日から翌23日までの間、ソーシャルメディアではテスラの中国語社名の出現回数が7倍以上に増え、大半がテスラを称賛する声だった。

(Adam Jourdan記者 翻訳:武藤邦子 編集:佐々木美和)

[上海 5日 ロイター]

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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Daniel Juncadella of Spain and Force India drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(48 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(49 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Andrew Hone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(50 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Andrew Hone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(51 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(52 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(53 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives the new C33 during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(54 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Adrian Sutil of Germany and Sauber F1 drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(55 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Peter Fox/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(56 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso outside his team garage during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Peter Fox/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(57 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Daniil Kvyat of Russia and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(58 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso outside his team garage during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Peter Fox/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(59 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Daniil Kvyat of Russia and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(60 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Daniil Kvyat of Russia and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
AUTO-F1-ESP-TEST-VERGNE(61 of78)
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Scuderia Toro Rosso\'s French driver Jean-Eric Vergne takes part in the Formula One pre-season test days at Jerez racetrack in Jerez on January 30, 2014. AFP PHOTO/ JORGE GUERRERO (Photo credit should read Jorge Guerrero/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(62 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Peter Fox/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(63 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(64 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Jean-Eric Vergne of France and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(65 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Daniil Kvyat of Russia and Scuderia Toro Rosso drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(66 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Felipe Massa of Brazil and Williams drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(67 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Felipe Massa of Brazil and Williams drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Andrew Hone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(68 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Felipe Massa of Brazil and Williams drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(69 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Felipe Massa of Brazil and Williams drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(70 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Max Chilton of Great Britain and Marussia drives the new MR03 during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Andrew Hone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(71 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Jules Bianchi of France and Marussia drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(72 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Jules Bianchi of France and Marussia drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(73 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Max Chilton of Great Britain and Marussia drives the new MR03 during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Andrew Hone/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(74 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Robin Frijns of The Netherlands and Caterham drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(75 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Kamui Kobayashi of Japan and Caterham drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Four(76 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 31: Kamui Kobayashi of Japan and Caterham drives during day four of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 31, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Ker Robertson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
F1 Testing in Jerez - Day Three(77 of78)
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JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, SPAIN - JANUARY 30: Robin Frijns of The Netherlands and Caterham drives during day three of Formula One Winter Testing at the Circuito de Jerez on January 30, 2014 in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
AUTO-F1-ESP-TEST-SUTIL(78 of78)
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Catherham F1 team\'s Dutch driver Robin Frijns is pushed in the pits during the Formula One pre-season test days at Jerez racetrack in Jerez on January 30, 2014. AFP PHOTO/ JORGE GUERRERO (Photo credit should read Jorge Guerrero/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)