服や車などに残る「三次喫煙」もDNAに有害

喫煙が身体に悪いことは知られているし、受動喫煙(二次喫煙)が悪いことも知られている。だが、三次喫煙(タバコを消した後の残留物から有害物質を吸入すること)もわれわれのDNAにダメージを与える可能性のあることが、研究によって明らかになった。

喫煙が身体に悪いことは知られているし、受動喫煙(二次喫煙)が悪いことも知られている。だが、三次喫煙(タバコを消した後の残留物から有害物質を吸入すること)もわれわれのDNAにダメージを与える可能性のあることが、研究によって明らかになった。

「三次喫煙において問題になる化合物ニトロソアミンは、存在する発がん物質の中でも最も強力なもののひとつだ。この発がん物質は物体の表面にとどまるが、それが衣服やカーペットの表面であれば、子どもたちに及ぶ危険はとりわけ深刻なものになる」と指摘するのは、ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所の科学者ララ・グンデル氏だ。[部屋の内部や車などに残留するタバコのニコチンが、大気中の亜硝酸と反応してニトロソアミンがつくられるほか、各種の発ガン物質が存在することが判明している]

グンデル氏によれば今回の研究は、「三次喫煙が突然変異の発生率を高めることを発見した、これまでで初めての研究」だという。

「Mutagenesis」誌に論文が発表され、6月20日(米国時間)にリリースが発表されたこの研究によれば、三次喫煙は細胞にダメージを与える可能性があるだけでなく、三次喫煙から受けたダメージは時間の経過とともに悪化する可能性があるという。

研究チームは、煙を発生させた2種類の部屋に、細長い紙切れを貼りつけた。一方の部屋では、20分間に5本のタバコを吸った場合と同程度の煙と化学物質に紙切れをさらした。もう一方の部屋では、196日間にわたり合計で258時間分のタバコの煙に紙切れをさらした(その間、部屋を換気した時間は合計で35時間だった)。

研究チームによれば、タバコの煙に含まれる毒性化合物の濃度が高かったのは、「短い間に大量の」煙を浴びた紙切れではなく、「長い間に少しずつ」煙を浴びた紙切れの方だった。

次に研究チームは、その紙切れから化合物を取り出し、培養液の中で24時間、ヒト細胞にその化合物をさらした。その結果、三次喫煙は酸化ストレスによるDNA損傷とDNA鎖切断を誘発することがわかったという。

「この研究結果は、三次喫煙への暴露がヒト細胞株に遺伝毒性(genotoxicity)をもつことを初めて証明するものだ」と研究チームは論文の中で記している。彼らの説明によれば、その遺伝毒性は、喫煙によって引き起こされるガンやその他の病気の発生に関連していることがわかっているという。

米ハフィントン・ポストの過去記事によれば、インディアナ大学健康センターは2011年、三次喫煙を理由として、勤務時間帯の従業員の喫煙に関する規則を変更する決定を下した。具体的には、これまでキャンパスの外でなら認めていた勤務時間中の喫煙を全面的に禁止したのだ。タバコの煙から発生した化学物質が、喫煙者の衣服や身体に付着し続けるため、というのがその理由だ。

[Amanda L. Chan(English) 日本語版:佐藤卓/ガリレオ)

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