天安門の自動車爆破事件 シリア問題との関連性は?

北京の天安門広場で、車が歩道に突入・炎上し5人が死亡した事件について、中国当局は新疆ウイグル自治区出身の人物5人を容疑者として拘束した。当局は今回の事件について新疆ウイグル自治区の反政府活動家によるテロと断定しているが、天安門広場という権力の象徴となる場所が攻撃されたことに共産党指導部は大きな衝撃を受けているといわれる。
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AFP JIJI

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天安門の自動車爆破事件。世界が危惧するシリア問題との関連性

北京の天安門広場で、車が歩道に突入・炎上し5人が死亡した事件について、中国当局は新疆ウイグル自治区出身の人物5人を容疑者として拘束した。

当局は今回の事件について新疆ウイグル自治区の反政府活動家によるテロと断定しているが、天安門広場という権力の象徴となる場所が攻撃されたことに共産党指導部は大きな衝撃を受けているといわれる。今後、この事件は中国政治に大きな影響を与えることになるかもしれない。またウイグル族による反政府活動が、中東のイスラム・テロ組織と深く関係していた場合には、国際的にやっかいな問題に発展する可能性もある。

事件は10月28日の正午過ぎに発生した。3人が乗った乗用車が歩道に突っ込み、500メートルほど走った後、紫禁城の前にある橋の欄干に衝突し炎上した。ちょうと毛沢東氏の肖像画の正面に位置するところである。

車内にいた3人と巻き込まれた観光客2人が死亡し、40人がケガをした。死亡した3人は家族で、逃げ出そうとした形跡がなく、車内に聖戦を示す旗などがあったことから、自爆テロと断定された。

当局はすぐに事件に協力したウイグル族5人を容疑者として拘束し、取り調べを行っている。

中国の新疆ウイグル自治区は、人口の大半がイスラム教徒のウイグル族で占められており、一部の住民は中国による強権的な統治に強く反対している。中国当局は反政府活動に対して厳しい姿勢で臨んでおり、たびたび衝突が起こっている。

以前は欧米各国がこれらの人権弾圧に対して強く抗議していたが、中国の巨大な経済力を前に各国は経済交流を優先、チベット問題やウイグル問題を黙認するようになってきている。10月には国連人権理事会が、中国に対してウイグル自治区などにおける少数民族の権利保護、言論の自由などを求めたが、中国への影響はほとんどないというのが現実だ。少なくともこれまでは少数民族の独立運動が地域外で顕在化することはあり得ない状況であった。

だが今回、北京の中心部で自爆テロが発生したことは、独立運動のネットワークが中国全体に広がっており、彼等が組織力を持ち始めていることを示している。さらに、これらの活動がシリアなど中東問題と深くリンクしていた場合には国際的にも非常にやっかいな問題となる。欧米社会がテロリストと見なすグループと中国の少数民族の独立運動がセットになってしまうと、独立運動は完全にテロとみなされる可能性がある。その一方で、国際的なイスラム・テロ組織との連携が深まれば、活動はより過激になり、中国の統治に対する脅威に発展することも考えられる。

当局は今回の事件に関して厳しい報道管制を敷いており、かなり神経質になっていることをうかがわせる。ウイグルやチベットの問題は、中国が抱える最大のアキレス腱といえる。ウイグル族による反政府運動が今回の事件をきっかけに拡大したり、中東問題に中国が引きずり出されるような事態になれば、習近平体制が大きく動揺することになるかもしれない。

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