豊洲市場移転、小池百合子都知事が「築地は守る・豊洲を活かす」新計画を発表 築地再整備

東京・築地市場の豊洲移転問題で、東京都の小池百合子知事は5月20日、豊洲移転を正式に表明した。一方で、計画では「築地は守る・豊洲を活かす」とのスローガンを掲げて築地市場の跡地の売却を見直し、5年後を目処に再開発する。
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時事通信社

東京・築地市場の豊洲移転問題で、東京都の小池百合子知事は6月20日、記者会見を開いて中央卸売市場の機能を豊洲に移転させる方針を正式に表明した

一方で、「築地は守る・豊洲を活かす」とのスローガンを掲げて築地市場の跡地の売却を見直し、5年後を目処に再開発して「食のテーマパーク」を作ることを明らかにした。小池知事は「もっとも賢い使い方ではないか」としている。

■浮上した築地の再整備

小池知事は記者会見で、豊洲移転だけでなく築地の再開発を同時に行う理由として、以下の2つの理由を提示した。

・豊洲移転後にかかる費用の赤字に対応するため

・「築地ブランド」を生かして土地を有効活用するため

5884億円を投じた豊洲市場は、開場後もさらに6000 億円を超える維持管理費用や設備更新費用がかかることが試算で明らかになっている。これらの費用は、使用料だけでは賄いきれるものではなく、東京都の財政投入が不可欠とされていた。

築地移転後の財務赤字は、毎年92億円、キャッシュフロー赤字は毎年21億円が生じると試算されている。そのため、豊洲市場の赤字に対応するために、跡地の売却で一時的な収益を得るのではなく、再開発で土地を有効活用していく方針となったという。

小池知事は「築地の売却をすれば、一時的にはどっとお金が入ってくるが、箱物を作って終わり、あとは知らない。と将来世代へのつけを残していいものか。タコ足経営になっていないか。東京の将来を考えた」と記者会見で話した。

また、老朽化が指摘されている築地市場は、耐震化改修や土壌汚染の調査などが必要になるため、営業しながら改修は困難とした。

一方で、小池知事は「日本一の築地ブランドは長い間必死な思い出で守ってきた市場の人々に真に向き合う必要がある」とし、「食のテーマパーク」として築地を再開発する方針を示した。

築地市場の有効活用については、有識者でつくる会議体「市場問題プロジェクトチーム(PT)」が6月5日にまとめた第一次報告書案で、「卸売市場としての機能が廃止された後も、市場跡地を都民の財産として有効利用していくべき」と記されていた。

築地市場・これまでの歩み

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1934年9月7日付東京朝日新聞朝刊に掲載された、完成間近の東京都中央卸売市場築地市場。古い建物と、新しい建物が混在している

もともと築地市場は、江戸時代から続いていた魚河岸を受け継ぐ日本橋の中央市場が、1923年(大正12年)の関東大震災で焼け出され、暫定市場として海軍の土地を借りて整備されたのが始まり。1935年(昭和10年)に東京の正式な中央卸売市場となり、太平洋戦争と敗戦後の食糧難を経て、交通の便が比較的よかった築地は東京の台所として定着した。

■60~70年代、手狭になる築地市場

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1974年12月19日、タコを手に市場関係者から正月用水産物の価格状況を聞く、安倍晋三首相の父・安倍晋太郎農相(当時)。

高度経済成長で東京の人口が急増し、取扱量は急増。築地市場付近の交通渋滞も社会問題となった。木造の建物が密集して火事も頻発し、衛生面の問題も指摘された。1981年には臨海部の大井地区(現在の大田市場)に移転する構想が浮上したが、水産仲卸業者や地元関係者が強く反対。1982年に鈴木俊一知事(当時)が撤回を表明した。

■現地建て替え、着工後の頓挫(80~90年代)

その後、築地市場の営業を続けながら建物を順次、全面改築する方針を決めた。1991年に着工し、2002年度に完成する計画だったが、狭いスペースで仮設の建物を建てる工事は難航し、工期は遅れた。バブル期で建設費も高騰し、1996年には当初7階建ての予定だった市場棟が平屋に変更されるなど、計画が縮小された。

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1994年3月26日、築地市場内で火災が発生。消火に当たる消防署員ら

規模縮小や、工事の長期化で客足が落ち込むことに不安を抱いた青果商や買い出し業者は、市場自体の臨海部移転を求めるようになり、1998年4月に市場内の業界6団体が都に検討を求める要望書を出したのが、豊洲移転の発端となった。

1999年11月9日、築地市場の業界8団体でつくる「築地市場再整備推進協議会」は、8対2で移転に賛成し「速やかに移転に方向転換すべきだとの意見が大勢を占めた」とまとめた。

■豊洲移転決定、新たな迷走の始まり

2001年12月に策定された「東京都卸売市場整備計画(第7次)」で、移転計画は正式決定された。「大規模用地の確保が可能で、消費地である既成市街地の外周地域にあり、良好な交通条件」とそのメリットをあげている。

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豊洲市場の冷凍庫棟(右、ネットがかけられた建物)と水産卸売場(左)。水産卸売場ではマグロの競りが行われる。撮影日:2016年7月20日

しかし、移転候補地とされた東京ガス工場跡地からは、鉛やヒ素、シアンなど計6種類の有害物質が、環境基準の最大1500倍の濃度で検出された。東京ガスは土壌を入れ替えて順次、東京都に売却したが、2008年2月の都の再調査では、環境基準の4万3000倍に達するベンゼンが検出された。都は土壌を掘り起こして加熱処理するなどして、2014年11月に汚染対策の終了を宣言したが、大気から発がん性物質が検出されたことを受け、小池知事が再検査の意向を示している。

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民主党政権発足直後の2009年9月24日、築地から移転される予定の豊洲新市場予定地(後方)の視察に訪れた赤松広隆農林水産相(中央)(東京・江東区)

2009年の都議選では民主党(当時)が「強引な移転に反対」を掲げ、都議会第1党になった。当初は移転推進の石原慎太郎知事(当時)や自民、公明両党と対立し議会は空転。2010年には築地の再整備を再検討することになった。

しかし、都は「再整備の優位性が示されなかった」として予定通り豊洲移転の方針を崩さなかった。反対していた仲卸業者の団体が都と移転協議を始めたこともあり、民主党は移転容認に転じたが、移転関連費用を巡る予算案の採決では民主党議員に造反が相次いだ。

■すでに5884億円を使っている

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2016年8月16日、豊洲新市場の視察で説明を受ける東京都の小池百合子知事(中央)

2001~16年度の事業費総額は約5884億円にのぼる。事業が長期化し、汚染対策にも追加費用が発生したため、2009年段階から比較しても約1568億円増えた。

一方で完全に中断した場合、すでに投じた費用が無駄になりかねず、政策の責任を問われる可能性もある。

過去2回の都知事選に出馬した元日弁連会長の宇都宮健児氏は、ハフポスト日本版とのインタビューで「既に6000億も使っているので、相当な決断が要求されますね」と述べている。

■有識者会議は「『無害化』については、実現が困難」

都は石原慎太郎知事時代の2010年、地下水の有害物質濃度を環境基準値以下にするなどの「無害化」を豊洲市場開場の条件としていた。豊洲市場の土壌汚染を環境基準以下にする「無害化」を実現するとして860億円をかけて対策を講じてきたが、現時点では達成できていない。

また、市場の土壌汚染対策を検討する専門家会議は6月11日、市場の主要施設の下に盛り土がない状態でも安全性を確保するための新たな対策案をまとめた。

同会議の対策案には、土壌がむき出しになった地下空間をコンクリートや特殊なシートで覆う案や、有害物質による汚染を浄化するため地下水を汲みあげる管理システムの機能を強化する案などが含まれている。

ただし同会議は、都議会が2010年に豊洲市場開業の条件として約束した土壌汚染の『無害化』については、実現が困難だと説明している。

2017年5月にも敷地内の地下水から環境基準値の最大100倍の濃度の有害物質(ベンゼン)が検出されているが、平田健正座長は「完全に環境基準以下にすることは難しい。時間をかけて徐々に除去していく」と説明している。

■小池知事が市場関係者に謝罪

小池百合子知事は6月17日、築地市場を訪問し、市場業者らと面会。豊洲市場の地下水から環境基準値を超す濃度の有害物質が検出されている現状について、「無害化」の約束を守れていないとして謝罪した

Open Image Modal

築地市場の関係者に謝罪する小池百合子東京都知事=17日午後、中央区の同市場

小池知事は「築地は世界でまれに見るブランドで、東京の宝」とした上で、「築地という東京の宝をいかに守って継続し、発展させるのか。皆さんと知恵を出し合いたい」と語っていた。

■業種によって分かれていた豊洲移転への賛否

青果市場は、豊洲に移転した方が温度管理や荷物の積み込みなど、作業環境が改善されるという。築地東京青果物商業協同組合の泉未紀夫理事長は朝日新聞に対し「業界をあげて準備してきたのに、足を引っ張るのはやめてほしい」「延期すれば費用負担が生じる業者も多い」と反発している。

反対意見は水産仲卸業者を中心に、土壌汚染の不安が消えないことのほか、移転先の豊洲の建物の構造を問題視している

99年の移転決議が全会一致でなかった通り、築地市場の移転は、推進派と反対派が対立しており、予定通り移転しても、最終的に断念しても、全員が納得する道はないとみられていた。

小池知事の新計画はその両方に配慮したものに落ち着いたようだ。

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A shopper buys ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, at a shop near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(27 of46)
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Shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, look at seafoods at a fish store near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(28 of46)
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Shoppers buy a piece of tuna from Kiyoshi Kimura, center left, the owner of Japanese sushi restaurant chain Sushi Zanmai, at his fish store near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. Tsukiji fish market is crowded by shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(29 of46)
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A vender, center, sells fresh seafood to shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(30 of46)
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Shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, stroll near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Workers on a a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(31 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Workers on a a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, kanto region, tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Whale shop at tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(32 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Whale shop at tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Vendor holding a big tuna fish in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(33 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Vendor holding a big tuna fish head in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(34 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
A man driving a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(35 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Aman driving a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(36 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Taretto in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(37 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Taretto in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
JAPAN(38 of46)
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A wholesaler hacks at the carcass of tuna after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(39 of46)
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Wholesalers prepare tuna for boxing after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(40 of46)
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A wholesaler packs a tuna in a wooden box for shipping after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(41 of46)
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Octopi are displayed for sale after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
Japan Daily Life(42 of46)
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Foreign tourists pose for a photo in front of a sushi restaurant at Tsukiji fish market, one of the most popular tourist spots in Tokyo, Monday, April 14, 2014. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Daily Life(43 of46)
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Foreign tourists use chopsticks to eat grilled scallops on a bench at Tsukiji fish market, one of the famous tourists spots in Tokyo, Monday, April 14, 2014. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Tuna(44 of46)
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FILE - In this Friday, March 28, 2014 file photo, customers look at the head of a bluefin tuna in front of a sushi restaurant at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo. The multi-nation fisheries body that monitors most of the Pacific Ocean has agreed to cut the catch of juvenile bluefin tuna to half of its average level in 2002-2004. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Economy(45 of46)
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Shoppers buy dry seafood at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Friday, March 28, 2014. Japanese household spending fell 1.5 percent in February from a year earlier, suggesting consumers are tightening belts ahead of an April 1 hike in the country\'s sales tax. The government also reported Friday, March 28 that core consumer prices rose 1.3 percent in February, though a large share of the increase was due to rising energy costs. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Economy(46 of46)
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FILE - In this March 28, 2014 file photo, a fruits shop clerk waits for customers at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo. Japan\'s consumer prices rose 3.2 percent from a year earlier in April to the highest level since 1991, the government said Friday, May 30, 2014, largely due to a sales tax increase.(AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)


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