マララはなぜ、パキスタンで嫌われるのか 飛び交う陰謀説

パキスタンで3年前、少女マララが頭を銃撃された。いま、マララに関する陰謀説がウェブ上に広がっている。それはなぜか。
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Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Malala Yousafzai talks to journalists during the Oslo Summit on Education for Development in Oslo, Norway, on July 6, 2015. AFP PHOTO / NTB SCANPIX / AUDUN BRAASTAD +++ NORWAY OUT (Photo credit should read Audun Braastad/AFP/Getty Images)
AUDUN BRAASTAD via Getty Images

パキスタンで3年前の10月15日、一人の少女、マララ・ユスフザイが、同じ民族の男から頭を銃撃された。いま、その話は少し異なって伝わっている。それは銃撃されたマララに関する陰謀説で、それを信じたり、説明しようとしたりする人たちによってウェブ上に広がっている。

私は永遠に彼女を支持しません。あなたはマララを支持しますか?

マララについて描かれたドキュメンタリー映画が最近、カラチでも公開され、マララは再びスポットライトを浴びることになった。Twitterでは、何人かのパキスタン人が、とある昔話について言及している。それは、パキスタン北西部の部族を動揺させるため、CIA(アメリカ中央情報局)が関与していたという話だ。

その理論を理解するには、アメリカのパキスタンへの介入が、どう国の構造を変えたのかについて考えるのがいい。マララの陰謀説は都市部でささやかれていたが、アメリカが過去10年間、何百もの無人攻撃機(ドローン)で爆撃をしてきたパキスタンの部族地帯で、その説は強くなっている。アメリカ政府が爆撃情報を公表しないため正確な死者数を把握するのは難しいのだが、それは千人単位とされる。 ブルッキングス研究所の2009年報告書によると、アメリカの無人攻撃機で武装勢力の1人が殺されるごとに、一般市民約10人も巻き添えで死亡することが分かった。6年前の時点で、一般市民の死者は約600人だった。

この計算は先週、アメリカ軍がアフガニスタンの病院を誤爆したことについてオバマ大統領が謝罪した際に明らかとなった。この誤爆では、3人の子供を含む32人が命を失った。

マララは無人攻撃機による攻撃を非難してきた。しかし、欧米で特権的な待遇を得ているため、故郷でのマララの正統性が混乱している。マララは、ペンは武器で、先導してくれる道具であると述べている。武装勢力タリバンのスポークスマンは銃撃後の声明で、マララの罪は教育への要望ではなく、プロパガンダを広めていることだと指摘した。マララがBBC記者に電話を通じて口述した日記の連載によって、彼女は広く有名となり、故郷では標的となったのだった。

パキスタンのように緊張状態にある国では、すべての国外同盟に問題がある。暗殺されたパキスタン首相のベナジール・ブットも在任中は世界的に崇められていたが、マララと同様に故郷では嫌悪されていた。実際、2人の女性は融合した。マララに関するウルドゥー語(パキスタンの公用語)での流行り言葉は、「もう1人のベナジールが西洋で作られつつある」だ。

マララの家族はアメリカ人のために働き、捏造された出来事よりも前に、BBCは彼女の日記をプロパガンダとして発表していた。

マララについて上手く作られた物語は、パキスタン以外でさえも問題となっている。アメリカの映画プロデューサーのデイビス・グッゲンハイムが制作した新しいドキュメンタリー「わたしはマララ」は、映画自体の浮ついた内容から、批評家からは期待はずれと評されている。ニューヨーク・タイムズ紙は、特に故郷で正統性を欠いていることを無視し、「西洋メディア好み」に作っているとデイビスを非難した。

今週のニュー・リパブリック誌の映画批評で、ライターのエレイン・テングは、父がマララを演出しているとして、多くのマララ陰謀説を支持する人が不安を抱いていると繰返し述べた。

ジアウディン自身は、娘に自由、そして教育を受け続ける勇気を与えただけだと主張している。 マララもまたこの問題の議論に加わっているが、ジアウディンに多くの焦点を当てているドキュメンタリーでは問題は未解決のままだ。宿命であろうとなかろうと、娘を通して垣間見える父親の姿にはわずかながら嫌悪感が残った。

すべての著名人はマララを誇りに思っているが、自分たちの国で彼女は嫌われている。だから私たちは遅れているのだ。

マララが映画のプレミアに招かれ、ボリウッドのスターの腕に招き入れられたことも、嫉妬心を加速させている。

マララが何をしたの? ただ銃撃を受けただけ! そしてデイビッド・ベッカムやビル・ゲイツと会うことができた!

それと同時にマララは十代の女の子が欲しいもの全てを手に入れたのだ.......。格言:すべてのパキスタンの女の子は彼女に嫉妬している

マララの運命に苛立つ理由はほかにもある。私が知っているカブールのジャーナリストは、服の鮮やかさと同じくらい自分の仕事に苦悩している。最近のマララに関する会話のなかでは、誰かに嫉妬心を抱くことについて警告してきた。銃弾が突き抜けた後、15歳の意識不明のマララはイギリスの病院に搬送された。いまでもイギリスに残り、殺害される恐れから故郷に戻っていない(もしくは陰謀説によると、ビザがあるから戻っていない)。

同時に、マララを追い出したスワット渓谷では、次の変革を経験した。牧歌的なスキー場でもあるスワット渓谷は、2007年ごろには注目されなくなっていった。当時は、ダンスをしたり髭を剃ったりした人を処刑すると、タリバンの指導ファズルラがラジオで布告しはじめたころで、その後、ブログを書き始めたマララについての処刑を宣言した。5年後にファズルラがマララ殺害を命令した後、スワット渓谷は戦争状態となった 。有名なマララ銃弾事件によって、パキスタン軍はイスラム過激派を排除するためスワット渓谷に介入した。この過程でも、タリバンや政府系武装集団だけではなく、無実の人の命が奪われた。

マララは現在安全なところで暮らし、大勢の人たちから賞賛されている。私のカブールの友人が思い起こしてくれたように、特別扱いされる人生は不公平に思われるかもしれない。「毎日学校に行くときに、美しく小さな無実の子供たちが殺されている」と彼は述べた。「マララは生き延びたのだ」。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

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