天安門事件25年を前に拘束された弁護士 危険を覚悟で言論の自由のために奔走するその想いとは

世界的に有名なアーティスト、アイ・ウェイウェイ(Ai Weiwei)が一枚の写真をTwitterに流した。彼の右隣にいるがっしりした人物が浦志強(Pu Zhiqiang)、中国の弁護士だ。
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世界的に有名なアーティスト、アイ・ウェイウェイ(Ai Weiwei)が一枚の写真をTwitterに流した。彼の右隣にいるがっしりした人物が浦志強(Pu Zhiqiang)、中国の弁護士だ。

浦さんは今年(2014年)5月、天安門事件の真相解明を求める私的な勉強会に参加したことで拘束された。浦さん拘束のニュースは瞬く間に広がった。浦さんが弁護を担当したことのあるアイ・ウェイウェイは、このニュースを聞いて、写真を流したのだ。

多くの人が身の安全を案じる浦志強とは、いったいどんな人物なのか。親交の深い阿古智子さん(中国研究者・東京大学准教授)にお話を伺った。

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──阿古さんが浦さんを知ったきっかけは何でしょうか?

阿古:中国の格差社会について研究していたときに、地方の役人の横暴とそれに対する農民の抵抗について記した『中国農民調査』という書籍を読みました。その本の著者が共産党書記に名誉棄損で訴えられた(http://wedge.ismedia.jp/articles/-/3882?page=2。4段落目)のですが、弁護を担当したのが浦さんだったのです。言論が統制されている中国で、政府と真っ向から対立するような事件を引き受けるなんて、とても勇気のある人だと思いました。

── 浦さんはなぜそのような難しい事件を引き受けるのでしょうか?

阿古:それは彼が、言論の自由を非常に重視するからです。『中国農民調査』の件も、まさに言論の自由、表現の自由の問題です。

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学生として25年前の民主化運動にも参加していた浦さんは、雑誌や新聞がどんどん発禁に追い込まれ、情報はおろか、人間の思考回路までもが狭められていく様子を目の当たりにしました。言論の自由が弾圧されることで、中国が失ってしまうものをよく理解していたんですね。

言論が自由でなく、人間の思考や情報が統制され多様性がなくなると、問題解決につながる道筋を考える基礎がなくなってしまいます。それではまずいのです。だから浦さんは弁護士として、難しくても言論の自由にかかわる事件を多く引き受けるのでしょう。

── 浦さんの拘束を受けて、阿古さんも発起人の一人である公開書簡が発表されました。浦さんの安否を心配するこの書簡には、2日間で161人もの研究者などが賛同しましたね。

阿古:最近、中国政府の不興を買ったことで中国に入国できなくなったとみられる日本人もいます。そのようなリスクの存在について、私も考えます。ただ、自己検閲をして黙っていることで何かが変わることはないですし、きちんと発言しなければと思いました。それは中国の人びとだって同じです。最終的には自分で立ち上がらなければなりません。ですから、この書簡は「良識ある中国の皆様へ」と呼びかけるメッセージにしました。

── 阿古さんはなぜリスクを取ってまで浦さんの支援をするのでしょうか?

阿古:これまでの日中交流での日本側は、もっぱら中国政府の言っていることに耳を傾けることが多かったと思います。しかし中国は大きな国で、ひとくくりにして相手にするのは不自然です。政府にも民間人にもいろいろな考え方の人がいて、とても多様性があります。そのような中国の重層性を前提に、さまざまなパイプを通じて直に人と付き合うことがお互いの理解を深め、共通の問題について率直に話し合うことが問題解決につながるのではないでしょうか。そう考えると、まさに言論の自由を通じて中国の民間の多様性を保障しようとする浦さんたちへの応援が、大切だと思うのです。

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浦さんは刑事拘留されている。これは、今後起訴され、刑事罰が科される可能性があるということだ。

中国で、言論の自由をはじめとする基本的な権利のために奔走する浦さん。このような人へのひどい仕打ちを、私たちは黙って見ていていいのだろうか。

――私たちにできることがある。

▽浦志強さんたちの釈放を求めるアムネスティ日本の署名サイト

▽天安門事件について

アイ・ウェイウェイ画像集
Ai Weiwei 'So Sorry' Exhibition Opening(01 of27)
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MUNICH, GERMANY - OCTOBER 11: Ai Weiwei, one of China\'s most controversial artists, uses his cellular phone during the \'So Sorry\' exhibition opening at \'Haus der Kunst\' on October 11, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The show \'So Sorry\' will be open to the public till January 17, 2010. (Photo by Miguel Villagran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei 'So Sorry' Exhibition Opening(02 of27)
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MUNICH, GERMANY - OCTOBER 11: Ai Weiwei, one of China\'s most controversial artists, takes a picture with his cellular phone during the \'So Sorry\' exhibition opening at \'Haus der Kunst\' on October 11, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The show \'So Sorry\' will be open to the public till January 17, 2010. (Photo by Miguel Villagran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei 'So Sorry' Exhibition Opening(03 of27)
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MUNICH, GERMANY - OCTOBER 11: Ai Weiwei, one of China\'s most controversial artists, takes a picture with his cellular phone during the \'So Sorry\' exhibition opening at \'Haus der Kunst\' on October 11, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The show \'So Sorry\' will be open to the public till January 17, 2010. (Photo by Miguel Villagran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Wei Wei 'So Sorry' Exhibition Preparations(04 of27)
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MUNICH, GERMANY - OCTOBER 09: The art installation \'20 chairs from the Qing dynasty\' by Ai Weiwei, one of China\'s most controversial artists, is pictured at \'Haus der Kunst\' on October 9, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The show \'So Sorry\' will open on October 12, 2009 for public. (Photo by Miguel Villagran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Wei Wei 'So Sorry' Exhibition Preparations(05 of27)
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MUNICH, GERMANY - OCTOBER 09: A man takes a look at the art installation \'Cube light\' by Ai Weiwei, one of China\'s most controversial artists, at \'Haus der Kunst\' on October 9, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The show \'So Sorry\' will open on October 12, 2009 for public. (Photo by Miguel Villagran/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei Unveils This Year's Unilever Installation At The Tate Modern(06 of27)
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LONDON, ENGLAND - OCTOBER 11: A worker rakes the seeds of Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei\'s Unilever Installation \'Sunflower Seeds\' at The Tate Modern on October 11, 2010 in London, England. The sculptural installation comprises 100 million handmade porcelain replica sunflower seeds. Visitors to the Turbine Hall will be able to walk on the work - which opens on October 12, 2010 and runs until May 2, 2011. (Photo by Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei Unveils This Year's Unilever Installation At The Tate Modern(07 of27)
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LONDON, ENGLAND - OCTOBER 11: A child plays with some of the seeds in Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei\'s Unilever Installation \'Sunflower Seeds\' on show at The Tate Modern on October 11, 2010 in London, England. The sculptural installation comprises 100 million handmade porcelain replica sunflower seeds. Visitors to the Turbine Hall will be able to walk on the work - which opens on October 12, 2010 and runs until May 2, 2011. (Photo by Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei Unveils This Year's Unilever Installation At The Tate Modern(08 of27)
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LONDON, ENGLAND - OCTOBER 11: Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei holds some seeds from his Unilever Installation \'Sunflower Seeds\' at The Tate Modern on October 11, 2010 in London, England. The sculptural installation comprises 100 million handmade porcelain replica sunflower seeds. Visitors to the Turbine Hall will be able to walk on the work - which opens on October 12, 2010 and runs until May 2, 2011. (Photo by Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei's Circle Of Animals/Zodiac Heads At Somerset House(09 of27)
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LONDON, ENGLAND - MAY 11: A woman examines sculptures in the series entitled \'Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads\' by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei in the courtyard of Somerset House on May 11, 2011 in London, England. The installation comprises of 12 bronze heads of animals which feature in the Chinese zodiac. The artist Ai Weiwei, who is outspoken in his criticism of the Chinese administration, was detained by authorities in Beijing on April 3, 2011 and his whereabouts remain unknown. (Photo by Oli Scarff/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei Exhibition Opens In Bregenz(10 of27)
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BREGENZ, AUSTRIA - JULY 15: Visitors attend the opening of an exhibition that focuses on the architectural work of the Chinese artist, Ai Weiwei, at Kunsthaus Bregenz on July 15, 2011 in Bregenz, Austria. Chinese authorities have released Ai Weiwei from detention though have thus far refused to grant him permission to travel. (Photo by Johannes Simon/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei Exhibition Opens In Bregenz(11 of27)
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BREGENZ, AUSTRIA - JULY 15: Bags with the message \'Free Ai Weiwei\' are for sale during the opening of an exhibition that focuses on the architectural work of the Chinese artist, Ai Weiwei, at Kunsthaus Bregenz on July 15, 2011 in Bregenz, Austria. Chinese authorities have released Ai Weiwei from detention though have thus far refused to grant him permission to travel. (Photo by Johannes Simon/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Weiwei Exhibition Opens In Bregenz(12 of27)
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BREGENZ, AUSTRIA - JULY 15: Visitors attend the opening of an exhibition that focuses on the architectural work of the Chinese artist, Ai Weiwei, at Kunsthaus Bregenz on July 15, 2011 in Bregenz, Austria. Chinese authorities have released Ai Weiwei from detention though have thus far refused to grant him permission to travel. (Photo by Johannes Simon/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Work Of Chinese Activist Artist Ai Weiwei Projected In DC(13 of27)
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WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 17: Images and quotes by Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei are seen projected on a 74-foot-tall marble First Amendment tablet on the exterior of the Newseum on January 17, 2013 in Washington, DC. The exhibit runs 7 p.m. each night through January 17. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Miami Artist Destroys Vase By Chinese Artist Ai Weiwei In Museum(14 of27)
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MIAMI, FL - FEBRUARY 18: Museum patrons stand next to the exhibit by artist Ai Weiwei: \'According To What?\' at the Perez Art Museum Miami (PAMM) on February 18, 2014 in Miami, Florida. On February 16, a person broke one of the vases in the exhibit and is facing a criminal charge after police say he smashed the $1 million vase in what appears to be a form of protest against the lack of lack of local artist on display. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(15 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: Visitors look at the work \'He Xie\', or \'Crabs\', at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(16 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: A visitor looks at 150 bicycles hanging as part of the work \'Very Yao\' at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(17 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: A visitor looks at the work \'Stools\' at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(18 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: Visitors look at the work \'He Xie\', or \'Crabs\', at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(19 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: 150 bicycles hang as part of the work \'Very Yao\' at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(20 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: A visitor looks at the work \'Stools\' at the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(21 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: The work \'Circle of Animals\' stands during the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(22 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: The jade work \'Handcuffs\' lies on display during the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(23 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: The marble work \'Mask\' lies on display during the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Ai Weiwei - Evidence' Exhibition Preview(24 of27)
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BERLIN, GERMANY - APRIL 02: A visitor walks past the work \'Souvenir from Shanghai\' that uses materials from Ai Weiwei\'s destroyed studio during the press preview to the \'Evidence\' exhibition by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei at Martin Gropius Bau on April 2, 2014 in Berlin, Germany. \'Evidence,\' which is among the biggest exhibitions of Ai Weiwei\'s work, will be open to the public from April 3 to July 7, 2014. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Wei Wei: According To What? Media Preview(25 of27)
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NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 16: A general view of atmosphere during the media preview for Ai Wei Wei: According To What? at Brooklyn Museum on April 16, 2014 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. (Photo by Andrew Toth/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Ai Wei Wei: According To What? Media Preview(26 of27)
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NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 16: A general view of atmosphere during the media preview for Ai Wei Wei: According To What? at Brooklyn Museum on April 16, 2014 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. (Photo by Andrew Toth/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
To go with 'China-rights-culture-art-jus(27 of27)
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To go with \'China-rights-culture-art-justice\', by Bill Savadove\nIn a photo taken on June 25, 2012 Chinese artist Ai Weiwei speaks to AFP inside his compound in Beijing. Ai has a metaphor for the travel ban that will prevent him attending the growing number of exhibitions of his work being held around the world as his renown increases. AFP PHOTO / Ed Jones (Photo credit should read Ed Jones/AFP/GettyImages) (credit:Getty Images)