「観測史上最大規模」の台風30号、フィリピン・セブから現地レポート

台風30号(国際名:ハイヤン、現地名:ヨランダ)が、8日午前にフィリピン中部へ上陸した。事前予測は最大風速87m、最大瞬間風速98m。2005年にアメリカで発生したハリケーン・カトリーナに匹敵する「観測史上最大規模の台風となるのではないか」と想定されていた。
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台風30号(国際名:ハイヤン、現地名:ヨランダ)が、8日午前にフィリピン中部へ上陸した。事前予測は最大風速87m、最大瞬間風速98m。2005年にアメリカで発生したハリケーン・カトリーナに匹敵する「観測史上最大規模の台風となるのではないか」と想定されていた。

フィリピン中部では10月15日、マグニチュード7.1の大地震が発生したばかり。その直後、各地で復旧作業を続けていた最中の巨大台風到来である。アキノ大統領は「真の危険が差し迫っている」と国民に警告、政府は警戒を強めていた。また、フィリピンへの日本人渡航者は昨今急増しており、2009年32万人、10年35万人、11年37万人、12年41万人と上昇傾向、13年も前年同月比8~10%増となっている。偶然、筆者もフィリピン・セブに居合わせていたため、現地の状況をお伝えしたい。

まず、台風前夜の11月7日昼、政府から各法人に「避難警告」が発せられた。そして同日18時頃、それは「避難命令」へと切り替わった。翌8日における営業活動を禁ずる内容だ。これにより、大型モールやオフィス、学校など、セブのほぼ全ての施設が業務活動を停止した。日本人を含め、セブには語学留学目的の滞在者が多い。沿岸に位置する語学学校の多くは7日から臨時休校となり、モノをロープで縛り付けるなど、入念な事前対策を行っていた。

台風がその脅威を振るい始めたのは8日10時前後。セブ市内ほぼ全域が停電・断水となったのも、この頃である。水道は電気でポンプを動かしているため、停電となれば断水も免れない。なお、今回は水道管の破裂を恐れた政府の判断で、早朝から意図的に断水されていた地域もあったという。

貯水タンクや自家発電設備がある大型ビルを除き、セブ市内では停電・断水が1日中続いた。筆者が滞在するセブ中心部のビジネスタウン・ITパーク内では歩行者が見当たらず、各ビルの自家発電の作動音だけが不気味に響き渡り、街はゴーストタウンと化していた。しかし、8日18時過ぎになると、セブ中心部から徐々に生活インフラが復旧し始めた。

ITパーク周辺に長期滞在中の田澤玲子(仮名・27歳)は「6日にスーパーへ訪れると、ロウソクやライトが非常に売れており、各家庭が自主的に備えをしているのが判りました。7日16時頃になると、既に肉・魚などは置かれておらず、アヤラ(セブ最大級の巨大モール)の食料雑貨店も閉まり始めました。8日は一日中ビルに滞在し、早めに食事の準備を済ませ、生活用水を蓄えておきました。結果的には、ほぼ普段通りの生活を送れましたが、やはり市内がどんな状況で、明日以降スーパーや食料品店がどの程度機能するかが心配です」と語る。

日系最大規模の語学学校・QQイングリッシュには8日早朝から、留学生約100名、任意の一部講師・その家族約70名が避難していた。理事長の藤岡頼光は、台風が過ぎ去った後の心境をこう話す。

「今は『ほっ』としています。と言いますのも、当初の情報から『壊滅的なダメージ』を想定していましたが、『思っていたよりもひどくない状況』で済みました。台風直撃が判明した時点で、我々は1週間分の飲み水として4ガロン150ボトル、更に1週間分の食料を確保しました。また、停電時には自家発電を4〜5日間できるだけの燃料も備蓄しました。1週間無事に過ごせば、必ず各国からの救援物資が届きます。ただ、今回の台風通過後の状況を見るに、市内の生活インフラも直ぐに復旧するでしょう。台風がセブから少し北へ逸れたおかげですが、その分、フィリピン有数のリゾート地・ボラカイの状況が心配ですね」

同校へ避難中のフィリピン人と話してみると、予想以上に落ち着いていた。13年前、セブは台風直撃により生活インフラが2カ月停止した経験がある。しかも、セブはフィリピンの首都マニラと異なり、台風が通過すること自体が珍しい。冷静になれている理由を尋ねてみると、詳細な情報を各個人が持っていたことが強く影響していた。フィリピン国内は元々、英語、タガログ語、セブアノ語など、多種多様な言語が飛び交っている。だが現在では、各個人が各々求める言語での情報メディアが存在し、貧困層も含め、ほぼ全ての住民が詳しい情報を事前に入手していた。

藤岡は「10月の大地震がある意味、良い教訓になっていた。我々が災害時にどういう態度を取るか、彼らもイメージが出来ていた。また、ITパーク内の各企業は、普段から政府より避難訓練を義務づけられていますので、これも事前準備として良かったですね」と語った。大手メーカーに勤務しており、同校への留学1週間目の安達晃三(32歳)は「大地震発生時のQQの対応を、話に聞いていました。今回の台風到来時も、トップ自ら説明に立たれており、本気で対応されているのを感じました。家族・友人からは色々と心配の連絡を受けていましたが、安心して避難生活を送ることができました」と話す。

9日早朝、ITパーク周辺では、所々で吹き飛んだ戸板や倒れた樹木を目にした。iCenterの店内からは商品が姿を消し、ドアは厳重に施錠されていた。しかし、「水浸しで歩けない」という状況ではなく、タクシーも動き出し、スターバックスやセブンイレブンは営業を再開している。セブ中心部に関して言えば、住民は普段の生活を取り戻し始めている。

【台風30号】フィリピン・セブの様子
フィリピン・セブの様子(1)(01 of05)
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フィリピン・セブの様子(2)(02 of05)
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フィリピン・セブの様子(3)(03 of05)
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フィリピン・セブの様子(4)(04 of05)
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フィリピン・セブの様子(5)(05 of05)
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(credit:土橋克寿)
台風30号 フィリピンで甚大な被害
Relief Efforts Continue After Typhoon Haiyan's Destruction(01 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 12: A child sits on board a C130 aircraft during the evacuation of hundreds of survivors of Typhoon Haiyan on November 12, 2013 in Tacloban, Philippines. Four days after the typhoon devastated the region many have nothing left, they are without food or power and most lost their homes. Around 10,000 people are feared dead in the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Relief Effort Continues In The Philippines After Typhoon Haiyan Devastation(02 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 12: Children pack a motorbike\'s sidecar as they travel along a street in an area devastated by Typhoon Haiyan on November 12, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Four days after the Typhoon Haiyan devastated the region many have nothing left, they are without food or power and most lost their homes. Around 10,000 people are feared dead in the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year. (Photo by Dondi Tawatao/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(03 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 13: Residents walk past scenes of devastation in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan on November 13, 2013 in Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan, packing maximum sustained winds of 195 mph (315 kph), slammed into the southern Philippines and left a trail of destruction in multiple provinces, forcing hundreds of thousands to evacuate and making travel by air and land to hard-hit provinces difficult. Around 10,000 people are feared dead in the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(04 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 13: An entire neighbourhood is destroyed in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan on November 13, 2013 in Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan, packing maximum sustained winds of 195 mph (315 kph), slammed into the southern Philippines and left a trail of destruction in multiple provinces, forcing hundreds of thousands to evacuate and making travel by air and land to hard-hit provinces difficult. Around 10,000 people are feared dead in the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(05 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 13: A woman washes amid scenes of devastation in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan on November 13, 2013 in Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan, packing maximum sustained winds of 195 mph (315 kph), slammed into the southern Philippines and left a trail of destruction in multiple provinces, forcing hundreds of thousands to evacuate and making travel by air and land to hard-hit provinces difficult. Around 10,000 people are feared dead in the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines this year. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(06 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: A young girl wades through water during a rain storm in Tacloban Airport on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(07 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: An aerial view of a boat washed up ashore on the demolished coastal town of Eastern Samar Island on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(08 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: People wait to board a rescue flight in Tacloban Airport on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(09 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: An aerial view of a demolished coastal town on Eastern Samar Island on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(10 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: An aerial view of a demolished house on an island near Eastern Samar Island on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Relief Effort Continues In The Philippines After Typhoon Haiyan Devastation(11 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: Affected residents survey the damage in Tacloban City on November 14, 2013 in Tacloban, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as on of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dondi Tawatao/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(12 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: A dog lies on a board next to US AID relief aid on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Humanitarian Efforts Continue Following Devastating Super Typhoon(13 of27)
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LEYTE, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: A woman makes her way through the rubble at Tacloban Airport on November 14, 2013 in Leyte, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as one of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon, however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Relief Effort Continues In The Philippines After Typhoon Haiyan Devastation(14 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: Survivors walk along a devastated area in Tacloban City on November 14, 2013 in Tacloban, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as on of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dondi Tawatao/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Relief Effort Continues In The Philippines After Typhoon Haiyan Devastation(15 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: Bodies of victims lie in a water hole in a coastal area in Tacloban City on November 14, 2013 in Tacloban, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as on of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dondi Tawatao/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Relief Effort Continues In The Philippines After Typhoon Haiyan Devastation(16 of27)
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TACLOBAN, PHILIPPINES - NOVEMBER 14: A man looks at the damage inside a church in Tacloban City on November 14, 2013 in Tacloban, Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan which ripped through Philippines over the weekend has been described as on of the most powerful typhoons ever to hit land, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands homeless. Countries all over the world have pledged relief aid to help support those affected by the typhoon however damage to the airport and roads have made moving the aid into the most affected areas very difficult. With dead bodies left out in the open air and very limited food, water and shelter, health concerns are growing. (Photo by Dondi Tawatao/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES TYPHOON HAIYAN(17 of27)
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epa03943408 A picture made available by the Office of the Mayor of Coron, Palawan shows aerial views of damaged buildings in Bantayan island of northern Cebu, Philippines, 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/OFFICE OF THE MAYOR OF CORON / HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES (credit:EPA時事)
比台風/立ち尽くす男性(18 of27)
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2013年11月10日、フィリピン・レイテ島の中心都市タクロバンの台風被災地で、子供を抱きながら救援物資の到着を待つ男性。 (credit:EPA時事)
比台風/タクロバンの被災者(19 of27)
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2013年11月10日、がれきに囲まれた中で水浴びしたり、洗濯したりする被災者(フィリピン・レイテ島のタクロバン) (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN(20 of27)
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epa03943392 A Filipino man searches for belongings washed ashore in the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/DENNIS M. SABANGAN (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN(21 of27)
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epa03943379 Filipino children pull sacks of goods they recovered from abandoned stores as they go past the rubble of houses in the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/DENNIS M. SABANGAN (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN(22 of27)
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epa03943390 A Filipino woman holds his umbrella stands on debris of houses in the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/DENNIS M. SABANGAN (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN AFTERMATH(23 of27)
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epa03943439 Filipinos carrying food supplies walk around ships washed ashore in the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines, 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November flattening homes toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138 according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said the toll could reach 10 000 in one city alone. EPA/FRANCIS R. MALASIG (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN AFTERMATH(24 of27)
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epa03943450 A Filipino stands on a damaged house next to a ship washed ashore in the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines, 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November flattening homes toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138 according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said the toll could reach 10 000 in one city alone. EPA/FRANCIS R. MALASIG (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN(25 of27)
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epa03943376 Filipino children carry their belongings during a heavy downpour walk past rubble of housesin the super typhoon devastated city of Tacloban, Leyte province, Philippines 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/DENNIS M. SABANGAN (credit:EPA時事)
PHILIPPINES SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN(26 of27)
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epa03943378 Filipino villagers salvaged their belongings during a downpour in damaged houses in the super typhoon devastated city ofTacloban, Leyte province, Philippines 10 November 2013. Typhoon Haiyan tore through the eastern and central Philippines beginning 08 November, flattening homes, toppling power lines and knocking out communications. Fierce winds ripped roofs off buildings as raging floodwaters swept debris and left vehicles piled on top of each other on the battered streets. The official death toll was 138, according to the national disaster relief agency. But official said, the toll could reach 10,000 in one city alone. EPA/DENNIS M. SABANGAN (credit:EPA時事)
フィリピンの台風(27 of27)
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2013年11月8日、台風30号が直撃したフィリピンの中部レガスピの岸壁近くを歩く住民。 (credit:AFP時事)