9.11の「粉じんにまみれた女性」が亡くなる 今も続く生存者たちの苦しみ

粉じんにまみれた姿が9.11を象徴する写真になったマーシー・ボーダーズさんが、がんで亡くなった。生前「テロががんの原因ではないか」と語っていた。
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9.11の時に粉じんまみれになって避難する姿が有名になったマーシー・ボーダーズさんが胃がんのため42歳で亡くなった。彼女の写真は、9.11の象徴的な写真になっている。

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STAN HONDA VIA AFP/GETTY IMAGES

ボーダーズさんは2014年、41歳で胃がんと診断されていた。ボーダーズさんの家族は、彼女の死を8月15日にFacebookで発表した。

AFP通信の写真家、スタン・ホンダ氏が撮影したボーダーズさんの写真は、9.11の混乱と恐怖を思い出させるものとして人々の記憶にとどまり続けている。 ホンダ氏は2011年に当時のことを次のように語っている

「警官が、人々を近くのビルの入り口に引き入れて危険が及ばないようにしていました。中に入ると、外は数分間闇に包まれました。そこに全身灰色の粉じんにまみれた1人の女性が入ってきたんです。仕事のためのきちんとした身なりをしていました。私は彼女の写真を1枚だけ撮影しましたが、すぐに警官が人々を上の階に誘導し始めました。1階にいないほうが安全だろうと判断したようでした」

ボーダーズさんは当時28歳。1機目の飛行機が突入した時、ワールドトレードセンターのノースタワー81階で働いていた。階段を降りて逃げ、ビルから出たときにサウスタワーが倒壊し、粉じんや瓦礫となって彼女の上に降ってきた。

ボーダーズさんは2011年のニューヨークポスト紙の取材で、その時のことを「顔の前に広げた手も見えませんでした」「世界から音が消えました」 と話している。その後、知らない人が安全のため近くのビルに彼女を引き入れ、ホンダ氏が粉じんまみれのボーダーズさんを撮影したのだ。

テレグラフ紙によれば、ボーダーズさんは粉じんにまみれた洋服をビニール袋に入れてクローゼットにしまっていたそうだ。しかし2011年以降、服は見ることはなかった。

9.11後の10年間、ボーダーズさんはうつ病や薬物乱用に苦しみ、2011年にはリハビリセンターに入院した。

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ワールドトレードセンターテロの生存者マーシー・ボーダーズさん。2002年3月8日、ニュージャージー州ベイヨン自宅でのインタビューにて。

2014年の秋、ボーダーズさんはジャージー・ジャーナル紙のインタビューで、がんがテロと関係があるのではないかと考えている、と話した。

「心の中で『テロが、がんの原因じゃないか」?』と考えているんです。それまでなんの病気も持っていませんでした。高血圧でもなかったし、コレステロール値も高くなかったし、糖尿病でもなかった。健康だったのに、次の日目覚めたらがんだったなんてことがあるでしょうか?」

近年、9.11と関連するがんの症例数は増えている。アメリカ疾病予防管理センターによれば、2015年5月現在、緊急救援隊員やレスキュー隊員、生存者でテロ攻撃と関係あるがんだと診断されたケースは4,000を超えるという。皮膚がん、前立腺がん、非ホジキンリンパ種がもっとも多く報告されている

実際にグラウンドゼロで粉じんをかぶったハフポストUS版のマイケル・マコーリフは、自身の体験を、次のように記している。

なぜ私が他の多くの人と違って病気にならなかったのか、理由は誰にもわかりません。何千もの人々が、細胞が焼け付くような粉じんに巻き込まれました。しかし、マウントサイナイ病院の検査では、私の肺活量は、私の年齢である45歳の基準値の140%でした。

シャツを口にあてて呼吸したことが良かったのかもしれません。「ちょっとした行動で、体を守ったのかもしれない」とマウントサイナイ医科大学のランドリガン学部長は話しています。

しかし本当のことは誰にもわかりません。私も含めてあの災害地域に住んでいた人、働いていた人に将来何があるかもまだわからないのです。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

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9/11はこんな1日だった
7:59 a.m.(01 of15)
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The four airplanes that were hijacked on 9/11 began taking off at 7:59 a.m.\n\nThe first to depart was American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767 that left Boston\'s Logan International Airport for Los Angles with 92 people on board.\n\nAt 8:14 a.m., United Airlines Flight 175 -- a Boeing 767 with 65 passengers on board -- also left Logan for Los Angeles.\n\nAmerican Airlines Flight 77 left Washington Dulles International Airport at 8:20 a.m. The plane, a Boeing 757 with 64 people on board, was bound for Los Angeles.\n\nFinally, at 8:42 a.m., United Airlines Flight 93 departed from Newark International Airport. The Boeing 757, which had 44 passengers that morning, was bound for San Francisco. (credit:Getty)
8:46 a.m.(02 of15)
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The first crash occurred at 8:46 a.m. when Flight 11 hit the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center.\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Commission Report, two flight attendants contacted American Airlines as the plane was being hijacked to provide details of the emergency. They reported the use of Mace or a similar spray, several stabbings and a bomb threat.\n\nThe last known communication from the plane came when flight attendant Madeline \"Amy\" Sweeney, on the phone with American Flight Services manager Michael Woodward, said, \"Oh my God we are way too low.\" (credit:Getty)
9:03 a.m.(03 of15)
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The second crash happened at 9:03 a.m., when Flight 175 hit the south tower of the World Trade Center.\n\nThe last communication made with air traffic control was made at 8:42 a.m., but passengers were able to provide details of the flight by contacting their families by phone.\n\nBrian Sweeney called his wife, Julie, to tell her the plane had been hijacked, and Peter Hansen told his father, Lee, \"I think they intend to go to Chicago or someplace and fly into a building.\" (credit:AP)
9:05 a.m.(04 of15)
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President George W. Bush learned of the attacks at 9:05 a.m. while sitting in a second grade classroom at an elementary school in Sarasota, Florida. White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card informed him of the attacks, whispering into his ear during the students\' reading lesson.\n\nBush recently shared his memories of that day with National Geographic. When he received news of the first plane crash at 8:50 a.m. -- just before entering the classroom -- he thought it was \"a light aircraft, and my reaction was, man, the weather was bad or something extraordinary happened to the pilot.\"\n\nIt wasn\'t until Card informed him of the second plane that Bush knew America was under attack. (credit:AP)
9:31 a.m.(05 of15)
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In an address from Emma Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, President Bush called the attacks \"a national tragedy\" and \"an apparent terrorist attack on our country.\"\n\n\"I have spoken to the vice president, to the governor of New York, to the director of the FBI, and have ordered that the full resources of the federal government go to help the victims and their families, and to conduct a full-scale investigation to hunt down and to find those folks who committed this act,\" Bush said.\n\n\"Terrorism against our nation will not stand.\" (credit:AP)
9:36 a.m.(06 of15)
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At 9:36 a.m., Secret Service agents evacuated Vice President Dick Cheney and his aides from his office to the Presidential Emergency Operations Center, a Cold War-era bunker beneath the White House. (credit:AP)
9:37 a.m.(07 of15)
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Flight 77 crashed into Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report tells how passenger Barbara Olson called her husband Ted -- the solicitor general of the United States -- to inform him of the attacks. She reported that the flight had been taken over and that the aircraft was \"flying low over houses.\"\n\nA few minutes later, air traffic controllers at Dulles International Airport observed plane on their radar traveling at \"a high rate of speed.\" Officials from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport warned the Secret Service of the aircraft shortly before Flight 77 hit the Pentagon. (credit:AP)
9:45 a.m.(08 of15)
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At 9:45 a.m. -- minutes after Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon -- the White House and U.S. Capitol were evacuated. (credit:Getty)
9:59 a.m.(09 of15)
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After burning for 56 minutes, the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed at 9:59 a.m. The fall, which killed approximately 600 workers and first responders, lasted 10 seconds. (credit:Getty)
10:03 a.m.(10 of15)
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The fourth hijacked plane crashed at 10:03 a.m. in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report says several passengers made calls from the plane and received word of the other hijackings. Upon hearing the news that major cities were being targeted, the passengers decided to revolt:\n\n
Five calls described the intent of passengers and surviving crew members to revolt against the hijackers. According to one call, they voted on whether to rush the terrorists in an attempt to retake the plane. They decided, and acted.

At 9:57, the passenger assault began. Several passengers had terminated phone calls with loved ones in order to join the revolt. One of the callers ended her message as follows:\"Everyone\'s running up to first class. I\'ve got to go. Bye.\"
\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Memorial, the hijackers deliberately crashed in a field to prevent passengers from retaking the airplane. The crash site in Shanksville is approximately 20 minutes flying time from Washington, D.C.
(credit:AP)
10:28 a.m.(11 of15)
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At 10:28 a.m., after burning for 102 minutes, the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center collapsed, killing approximately 1,400 people. (credit:Getty)
11:02 a.m.(12 of15)
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New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani ordered an evacuation of lower Manhattan at 11:02 a.m., alerting everyone south of Canal Street to get out. (credit:AP)
1:04 p.m.(13 of15)
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At 1:04 p.m., after all American air space had been cleared, President Bush addressed the nation from Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, informing citizens that the U.S. military \"at home and around the world is on high alert status.\"\n\n\"Make no mistake, the United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts,\" Bush said. (credit:AP)
5:20 p.m.(14 of15)
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Hours after the attacks that morning, the 47-story 7 World Trade Center building collapsed from ancillary damage. No one was in the building at the time. (credit:Getty)
8:30 p.m.(15 of15)
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President Bush gave his final address of the day from the White House at 8:30 p.m.\n\nFrom the Oval Office, the president informed Americans that he had implemented federal emergency response plans, noting emergency teams and the military were already at work:\n\n
Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.

The victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. Moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.

Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.

The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger.

These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation.

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