南北戦争からアフガニスタン戦争まで アメリカ兵の栄光と苦悩(画像集)

写真展「アメリカ兵たち」には南北戦争からアフガニスタンの戦争まで、様々な戦場で戦ったアメリカ兵たちのポートレートが展示されている。
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「兵士」という言葉を聞いてあなたの頭に思い浮かぶのはどんな顔だろうか。

南北戦争を戦った腕利き狙撃兵、朝鮮戦争の海軍大佐、湾岸戦争の上等兵。 過ごした日常も、味わった心理的な体験も異なる彼らの表情はそれぞれ違い、その表情の違いが結果的に私たちが思い浮かべる「兵士」のイメージも変える。

しかし一方で「兵士」という言葉は普遍的な意味も持っており、栄誉や苦闘、階級や混乱、誇りや後悔といった情景を呼び起こす。

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ミズーリ州カンザスシティにあるネルソン・アトキンス美術館で、2015年1月から6月21日まで開催されている写真展「アメリカ兵たち」には、19世紀の南北戦争から最近のイラクやアフガニスタンの戦争まで、様々な戦場で戦った女性も含めた50名のアメリカ兵たちのポートレートが展示されている。

写真はフォトジャーナリストだけでなく、ドキュメンタリー作家、アーティスト、もしくは兵士の家族といった人たちによって撮影されたものだ。写真の中の兵士たちは、直立不動の姿勢を取っていたり、散乱する装備の中で寝ていたり、治療をしてくれるように願い出たりしている。戦争のありとあらゆる場面を切り取った写真は、見る者の感情をかきたてる。

W・ユージン・スミス氏はヘルメットから滴り落ちる玉のような汗にファインダーを向け、ジョー・ローゼンタール氏は硫黄島に兵士が星条旗を掲揚する姿をとらえた。ラリー・バローズ氏はベトナム戦争の戦場での一瞬の苦悶の表情をとらえ、ティム・ヘザーリントン氏は、アフガニスタンの宿舎をうつしている。

1863年
南北戦争史上最大の激戦となった「ゲティスバーグの戦い」(1863年)を、ティモシー・H・オサリバン氏が撮影。戦場での兵士たちの「家」は塹壕だった。
1865年
銃弾による腹部の傷を見せる兵士。南北戦争が終わった1865年に、ウィリアム・ベル氏が撮影。
1944年
1944年にW・ユージン・スミス氏が撮影した前線の兵士たち。スミス氏は第二次世界大戦中にサイパン、沖縄、硫黄島などへ、戦争写真家として派遣された。\n
1945年
1945年2月23日、硫黄島の闘いのさなか、摺鉢山(すりばちやま)の頂上に星条旗を掲揚する米軍兵士たち。ジョー・ローゼンタール氏が撮影。
1950年
朝鮮戦争中に北朝鮮で戦う“アイク”・フェントン海軍大佐。デビッド・ダグラス・ダンカン氏が撮影。\n
1965年
任務を終えて感情をあらわにする兵士。ラリー・バローズ氏が撮影。バローズ氏は『ライフ』誌のカメラマンとしてベトナム戦争を取材して有名になったが、1971年に乗っていたヘリコプターが撃墜され、死亡した。\n
1966年
ベトナム戦争で展開されたプレイリー作戦の最中に、頭に包帯を巻いた海兵隊下士官が、地面に倒れている仲間に手を差し出す場面を撮影した作品、「Reaching Out」。ラリー・バローズ氏が撮影。
1966年
任務遂行中の兵士。首には、氏名や血液型などが打刻された認識票が見える。ラリー・バローズ氏が撮影。
1969年
サイゴン(現・ホーチミン)で、第一小隊を訪ねたニクソン大統領。ボブ・ドウアティー氏が撮影。\n\n
1990年
湾岸戦争に従軍したマリア・I・リオン兵。ジュディス・ジョイ・ロス氏が撮影。
2004年
イラクで353日間、アフガニスタンで205日間、軍務についた兵士。スザンヌ・オプトン氏が撮影。
2006年
オハイオ州の空港で、家族に別れを告げる兵士。ユージン・リチャーズ氏が撮影。
2008年
アフガニスタンのコレンガル渓谷で、ティム・ヘザーリントン氏が撮影。リュックサックに見える文字「ISAF」は、NATOが統括する国際治安支援部隊の略称。

この記事はハフポストUS版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

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A sulfur miner carries a goats head in a white bag as he climbs to bury the head in the crater as part of an annual offering ceremony on the Ijen volcano on December 17, 2013 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The ritual is performed by the sulfur miners of Mount Ijen who slaughter a goat and then bury the head in the crater of mount Ijenn. The sacrifice is performed to ward off potential disasters for the next year. The Ijen crater rises to 2,386m, with a depth of over 175m, making it one of the world\'s largest craters. Sulphur mining is a major industry in the region, made possible by an active vent at the edge of a lake, but the work is not without risks as the acidity of the water in the crater is high enough to dissolve clothing and cause breathing problems. (Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images) (credit:Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images)
MOVING IMAGE (Dec. 21 - Dec. 31)(52 of52)
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A tourist makes a sunrise visit to the temple of Karnak on the day of the winter solstice in Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Saturday, Dec. 21, 2013. Tourism, which accounts for nearly 20 percent of Egypt\'s foreign currency revenues, has been hard hit by the past three years of turmoil. Government officials have been campaigning to regain some of the European, American and Asian tourism that was suspended following violence this summer. (Ibrahim Zayed / AP) (credit:Ibrahim Zayed / AP)

[日本語版:遠藤康子、合原弘子/ガリレオ]

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