1960年5月から6月にかけて最高潮に達した国民的な運動が「60年安保闘争」だ。
日米安保条約の改定で、アメリカ軍の日本駐留を認める一方で、アメリカが日本への防衛義務を負わない内容になることに、激しい反対運動が起きた。特に5月19日の国会で自民党が強行採決して以後は、国会に抗議デモが連日押し寄せ、ピーク時には30万人を越えた。
60年安保闘争
(01 of28)
国会に乱入する全学連のデモ隊（1959年11月27日、東京都千代田区） (credit:時事通信社)
(02 of28)
ホワイトハウスで安全保障新条約に調印する日米全権代表。左から藤山愛一郎外相、岸信介首相、立ち会いのアイゼンハワー米大統領、ハーター米・国務長官（アメリカ・ワシントン） \n\n撮影日：1960年01月19日 (credit:時事通信社)
Japan Honshu Tokyo: Leftist students scuffle with soldiers during protests against the Japanese-US Security Treaty - 1960 - Vintage property of ullstein bild(03 of28)
(GERMANY OUT) Japan Honshu Tokyo: Leftist students scuffle with soldiers during protests against the Japanese-US Security Treaty - 1960 - Vintage property of ullstein bild (Photo by ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images) (credit:ullstein bild via Getty Images)
Japanese Protest(04 of28)
Demonstrators in Tokyo protesting against President Eisenhower\'s US Japan security treaty which they fear will lead to American military bases in Japan. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Train Sit-In(05 of28)
7th June 1960: Transport workers staging a sit in on the railway tracks, at Mitaka Station, Tokyo, in protest at the United States - Japan security treaty, and the forthcoming visit of President Eisenhower. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Student Riot(06 of28)
30th April 1960: Tokyo police using batons to beat off an attack by rioting students. The students belong to the Federation of Students Self-Government Associations and were protesting against the ratification of the Japan-US Security Pact. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Japan Riot(07 of28)
Leftist student demonstrator and helmeted riot policeman as police push back demonstrators on a Tokyo street, June 15, 1966. About 300 students staged a rally and demonstrated marking the sixth anniversary of co-ed Michiko Kamba killed in the 1960 disorder on the issue of U.S.-Japan security treaty. (AP Photo/Koichiro Morita) (credit:Koichiro Morita/AP)
Tokyo Riot(08 of28)
18th June 1960: Tokyo riot police arresting a student demonstrating for the return of Okinawa and the abrogation of the US-Japan Security Treaty. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Tokyo Riot(09 of28)
18th June 1960: A student lies injured in the middle of a demonstration demanding the return of Okinawa and the abrogation of the US-Japan Security Treaty. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Riot Casualties(10 of28)
18th June 1960: Police collect battered students for transportation to hospital from outside the National Diet in Tokyo. The injuries resulted from a riot between students and police after a protest against the ratification of the United States - Japan Security Treaty. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Tokyo Demo(11 of28)
13th June 1960: Demonstrators in Tokyo protesting against Prime Minister Kishi, the US - Japan security treaty and the visit of President Eisenhower to Japan. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) (credit:Keystone via Getty Images)
Japan Riot(12 of28)
Some 200 leftist students of Zengakuren (National Federation of Students Self-Government Association) clashed with police outside Hibiya Park in downtown Tokyo, Oct. 15, 1960. At least 10 students were arrested. The students who attempted to stage a parade with its objective assault on Prime Minister Ikedas residence, in protesting assassination of the late Inejiro Asanuma, Socialist party chairman, were turned back, outnumbered by police as they left the park. They were told they could not parade because they had not obtained permission. Students scuffle with helmeted policemen. They tried several times to break through police cordon to start parade, but were pushed back. (AP Photo/Akio Kurihara) (credit:Akio Kurihara/AP)
Japan Riot(13 of28)
Some 200 leftist students of Zengakuren (National Federation of Students Self-Government Association) clash with police outside Hibiya Park in downtown Tokyo, Oct. 15, 1960. At least 10 students were arrested. Heavy cordon of police surround Zengakuren students at Hibiya Park entrance. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:Mitsunori Chigita/AP)
Japan Riot(14 of28)
An injured student in carried to a waiting ambulance outside the Japanese Parliament Building in Tokyo, June 15, 1960 during the bloody battle between left wing students and police defending the building. A Tokyo policeman at right opens a route to ambulance. The riot was the most serious so far against Prime Minister Kishis pro-western government. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Japan Riot(15 of28)
Students of the Zengakuren Federation use ropes to open the gates of Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishis residence in Tokyo, June 3, 1960, as Japanese leftists launched a new wave of demonstrations against the U.S.-Japan security pact and President Eisenhowers visit to Japan. The prime minister was at his private home in Shibuya, five miles away. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Japan Riot(16 of28)
A Japanese guard inspects a fence at Lincoln Center, the U.S. Air Force housing compound in Tokyo, Japan, June 15, 1960, after it was damaged by rioting Japanese students. Some 10,000 students demonstrated near grounds of the Parliament building in protest against Premier Nobusuke Kishi and Japans military alliance with the U.S. About 250 of the left wing students broke into the military compound but left houses or occupants alone. The compound is near the Parliament buildings. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Japan Riot(17 of28)
Japanese police drag a student away in front of the Japanese parliament (Diet) during demonstration by 1,000 students who shouted opposition to the new U.S.-Japan security treaty in Tokyo, April 23, 1960. Students were protesting at a rally called by Zengakuren, the radical left wing students federation and the League of Communists which have been disowned by the Japan Communist party as being too militant. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:Mitsunori Chigita/AP)
Japan Honshu Tokyo: Leftist students storming a barricade set up by the police in protest against the Japanese-US Security Treaty - April 1960 - Vintage property of ullstein bild(18 of28)
(GERMANY OUT) Japan Honshu Tokyo: Leftist students storming a barricade set up by the police in protest against the Japanese-US Security Treaty - April 1960 - Vintage property of ullstein bild (Photo by ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images) (credit:ullstein bild via Getty Images)
Japan Protest(19 of28)
Demonstrators, marching hand-in-hand, jam Ginza Street in downtown Tokyo in an orderly demonstration against ratification of the United States-Japan security treaty, June 22, 1960. The 11th hour leftist demonstration dispersed when a predicted turnout of 100,000 failed to materialize. Neon signs can be seen on either side of the street. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Japan Riot(20 of28)
Japanese police drag a student away in front of the Japanese parliament (Diet) during demonstration by 1,000 students who shouted opposition to the new U.S.-Japan security treaty in Tokyo, April 23, 1960. Students were protesting at a rally called by Zengakuren, the radical left wing students federation and the League of Communists which have been disowned by the Japan Communist party as being too militant. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:Mitsunori Chigita/AP)
(21 of28)
新安保条約が衆議院で強行採決。議長席につめ寄る野党議員から清瀬衆院議長（中央）を守ろうとする自民党議員（東京） \n\n撮影日：1960年05月19日
Japanese Prime Minister Nobosuke Kishi gives a pre(22 of28)
TOKYO, JAPAN - JUNE 16: Japanese Prime Minister Nobosuke Kishi gives a press conference in Tokyo following yesterday\'s riots in the Japanese capital 16 June 1960. (Photo credit should read STF/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STF via Getty Images)
U.S. Japanese Security Treaty(23 of28)
The East Room of the White House in Washington is the scene for an historic ceremony Jan. 19, 1960, the signing of a United States-Japan security treaty. President Dwight Eisenhower is making his opening remarks. Seated at table, left to right, are: Japanese Ambassador Koichiro Asakai; Tadashi Adachi, president of the Japan Chamber of Commerce; Mitsujiro Ishii, member, Japanese House of Representatives; Japanese Foreign Minister Aiichiro Fujiyama; Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi; President Eisenhower; Secretary of State Christian Herter; Douglas MacArthur II, U.S. ambassador to Japan and J. Graham Parsons, assistant secretary of state. (AP Photo) (credit:Anonymous/AP)
Treaty Of Mutual Cooperation And Security Between The United States And Japan (24 of28)
UNITED STATES - JANUARY 19: Treaty Of Mutual Cooperation And Security Between The United States And Japan Signed In Washington. January 19Th 1960. (Photo by Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images) (credit:Keystone-France via Getty Images)
Washington USA Japan Security Treaty(25 of28)
President Dwight D. Eisenhower views a 100-year-old medal which he presented to Prime Minister Kishi, left, at the conclusion of treaty-signing ceremony, on Jan. 19, 1960 in Washington. The medal commemorates the arrival of the first Japanese diplomatic mission to the United States. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Washington USA Japan Security Treaty(26 of28)
The East Room of the White House is the scene for an historic ceremony on Jan. 19, 1960 in Washington, the signing of a United States-Japan security treaty. President Dwight D. Eisenhower is making his opening remarks. Seated at table, left to right are: Japanese Ambassador Koichiro Asakai; Tadashi Adachi, President of the Japan Chamber of Commerce; Mitsujiro Ishii, Member, Japanese House of Representatives; Japanese Foreign Minister Aiichiro Fujiyama; Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi; President Eisenhower; Secretary of State Christian Herter; Douglas MacArthur II, U.S. Ambassador to Japan and J. Graham Persons, assistant secretary of state. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Washington USA Japan Security Treaty(27 of28)
Mrs. Dwight Eisenhower, right, Mrs. Koichiro Asakai, center, and Mrs. Christian Herter attend treaty signing ceremony in East Room of White House in Washington, on Jan. 19, 1960. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
Washington USA Japan Security Treaty(28 of28)
Japan\'s Prime Minister Kishi places his signature of treaty at historic ceremony, on Jan. 19, 1960, in Washington. (AP Photo) (credit:AP)
6月15日の全学連（全日本学生自治会総連合）の国会突入の際に多数の負傷者が出て、東大生の樺美智子（かんば・みちこ）さんが死亡した。6月19日に条約は自然承認されたが、アメリカのアイゼンハワー大統領の訪日は取り止めとなり、岸内閣は総辞職した。
このときの安保条約改定に基づいて、日米地位協定が結ばれた。この協定に基づいて、沖縄県の普天間基地などの在日米軍基地が今も運用され続けており、米兵の犯罪に対して日本側が十分な捜査ができないなど、多くの課題が残されている。
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