アウン・サン・スー・チー氏、欧州議会で23年前の「サハロフ賞」受賞「ミャンマーの民主化はまだ道半ば」

10月22日、ミャンマー(ビルマ)野党の国民民主連盟(NLD)党首のアウン・サン・スー・チー氏が23年前に授与された人権運動に貢献した人物を表彰する「サハロフ賞」を受賞した。

10月22日、ミャンマー(ビルマ)野党の国民民主連盟(NLD)党首のアウン・サン・スー・チー氏が、23年前に授与された人権運動に貢献した人物を表彰する「サハロフ賞」を受賞した。BBCが伝えた。

スー・チー氏は1990年にサハロフ賞を授与されたが、民主化運動の指導していた1988年以来自宅軟禁されていたため、授賞式に出席できなかった。

CNNによると、スー・チー氏は授賞式が行われたフランス・ストラスブールの欧州連合(EU)の欧州議会(MEPs)で演説を行い、「私たちは1990年以来進歩を遂げてきました。しかし、十分なものとは言えません。私たちの国の人々は、思想の自由が可能であるということを学び始めたばかりです。しかし、私たちは自由な思想を掲げる権利、良心に従って生きる権利が保証されていることを確かなものにしたいのです」と述べた。

NHKニュースは、次のように伝えている。

ヨーロッパ議会のシュルツ議長は「民主主義を求める戦いはどんなに時間がかかっても最後には必ず勝つということを身をもって示してくれた」と述べ、スー・チー氏の民主化への功績をたたえました。これに対し、スー・チー氏は「ミャンマーの民主化はまだ道半ばです。思想の自由を保障するためにも国家の基本である憲法を修正しなければなりません」と述べ、軍事政権の下で制定された憲法を改正する必要があると訴えました。

(NHKニュース「スー・チー氏 23年ぶりの授賞式」 2013/10/23 0:52)

アウン・サン・スー・チー氏は1945年、ビルマ独立の指導者アウン・サン将軍の長女として、首都ラングーン(当時。現ヤンゴン)に生まれた。オックスフォード大学卒業後、69年から71年までニューヨークの国連本部に勤める。88年、26年間にわたって軍事独裁を続けてきたネ・ウィン元大統領が党総裁(ビルマ社会主義計画党)辞任を発表すると、ビルマ国内で学生を中心に激しい民主化運動が起こった。母の看病で帰国していたスー・チー氏も、これに合流。同年8月26日、シュエダゴン・パゴダで、数十万人の聴衆を前に民主政権の樹立を訴えた。この演説の後、国民民主連盟(NLD)を設立し、書記長に就任。クーデターで全権を掌握した新軍部の国家秩序回復評議会(SLORC)によって、89年に自宅軟禁に置かれた。90年5月の総選挙では、NLDが圧倒的多数の議席を得たものの、SLORCは政権委譲を拒否。

その後、国家平和発展評議会(SPDC、97年にSLORCから改組)のタン・シュエ軍事独裁政権が現在まで継続することになる。スー・チー氏の自宅軟禁は98年7月に解かれるが、その後も、拘束・軟禁は2000年9月~02年5月、03年5月~10年11月と計3回にわたって繰り返された。1回目の軟禁中には、人権擁護への貢献が認められ、1990年に10月トロルフ・ラフト賞(ノルウェー財団)、91年7月にサハロフ賞(欧州議会)を受賞している。91年10月には、民主主義と人権回復のための非暴力の活動が評価され、ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。

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Nobel Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Meets With Senate Leadership(44 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi (C) poses for photographs with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) (R) and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) at the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Suu Kyi will receive the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during her 18-day cross-country tour of the United States. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(45 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L) welcomes Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hillary Clinton Meets With Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi(46 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (R) meets with Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Clinton\'s office at the State Department September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hillary Clinton Meets With Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi(47 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (R) meets with Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Clinton\'s office at the State Department September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(48 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L) welcomes Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(49 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi visits the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(50 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi addresses the United States Institute of Peace as part of an 18-day tour of the United States September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(51 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi addresses the United States Institute of Peace as part of an 18-day tour of the United States September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)