アウンサンスーチーさん、投票用紙にキス ミャンマー総選挙の焦点は?

ミャンマーで2011年の民選移管後で初めての総選挙の投票が、11月8日に行われた。
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YANGON, MYANMAR - 2015/11/08: NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi kisses her ballot, at a polling station, during the first general elections in 25 years in Yangon, Myanmar. The NLD is expected to have a landslide victory. (Photo by Stephen J. Boitano/LightRocket via Getty Images)
Stephen J. Boitano via Getty Images

ミャンマーで2011年の民政移管後、初めてとなる総選挙の投票が、11月8日に行われた。民主化を求める野党・国民民主連盟(NLD)が25年ぶりに総選挙に参加し、同党を率いるアウンサンスーチーさん(70)も、旧首都ヤンゴン市内の自宅近くの投票所で一票を投じた。

投票は午後4時(日本時間同6時半)に締め切られ、即日開票される。NHKニュースなどが報じた。

スーチーさんは、1990年と2010年の総選挙では自宅軟禁下にあり、自身が当選した2012年補選は自宅の選挙区が補選対象でなかったため、今回が初の投票だ。Getty Imagesは「スーチーさんが投票用紙にキスをした」として、写真を配信した。

■スーチーさん、「私が政府を運営していく」と意欲

スーチーさんは、ミャンマーで「建国の父」と言われるアウンサン将軍の長女。1988年4月、ミャンマーで民主化運動が高まり、軍の実力行使による内乱状態のなか、イギリスから帰国。「非暴力不服従」を唱え、NLD総書記となるが、1989年7月から軍政によって自宅軟禁された。NLDは1990年の総選挙で、485議席中392と全体の81%もの議席を獲得して圧倒的な勝利を得たものの、政府は民政への移行を拒んだ。スーチーさんは、1991年にノーベル平和賞を受賞している。

ミャンマーの憲法は、外国籍の家族を持つ人物が大統領に就任することを禁じている。スーチーさんの亡夫はイギリス人で、2人の息子がイギリス国籍のため、現在の憲法では大統領に就任できない。

しかし、テレ朝newsによると、スー・チーさんは5日の会見で、選挙に大勝した上で、「私が政府を運営していく。大統領は党の方針に従って職務を行う」と話し、リーダーとして国を引っ張っていく意気込みを見せていた。

■NLDが過半数を占めるかが焦点に

朝日新聞デジタルによると、ミャンマーの総選挙は小選挙区制。国会の上下両院(定数664人)のうち、25%の軍人枠を除く民選枠(498人)を選出する。前回はNLDが参加せず、軍政がつくった現与党・連邦団結発展党(USDP)が圧勝。今回は政権交代を訴えるNLDが優勢とみられており、民選枠の3分の2の議席を獲得し、全体の過半数を占めるかが焦点になっている。

これまでの選挙では不正行為が指摘されてきたため、ミャンマーの選挙管理委員会は今回、日本や欧州連合(EU)などから選挙監視団を本格的に受け入れた。国内外合わせた選挙監視員の人数は、約1万人だという。

ミャンマー総選挙
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People stand outside a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People stand outside a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A police officer stands guard as voters queue up outside a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Muslims stand in a line to cast their vote outside of a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Women stand in a line to enter a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People stand in a line to cast their vote outside a polling station in Mandalay, Myanmar, Sunday Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Hkun Lat) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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An official of Union Election Commission displays ballot papers to representatives of political parties during the counting of votes at a polling station in Yangon, Myanmar, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015. With tremendous excitement and hope, millions of citizens voted Sunday in Myanmar\'s historic general election that will test whether the military\'s long-standing grip on power can be loosened, with opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi\'s party expected to secure an easy victory. (AP Photo/Gemunu Amarasinghe) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Supporters of Myanmar\'s National League for Democracy party cheer as they watch early voting results outside the NLD headquarters in Yangon, Myanmar, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate will help loosen the militaryâs longstanding hold on power even if opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyiâs party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Mark Baker) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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In this Nov. 8, 2015 file photo, Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, center, leaves after casting her ballot at a polling station in general election in Yangon, Myanmar. Myanmar voted Sunday in historic elections that will test whether popular mandate can loosen the military\'s longstanding grip on power, even if opposition leader Suu Kyi\'s party secures a widely-expected victory. (AP Photo/Khin Maung Win, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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