イギリスでは、イスラム教徒の半数が貧困地域に住んでいる(調査結果)

イギリス在住のイスラム教徒の教育水準は10年間で向上したものの、失業率は全体平均より高いことがわかる。
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MCB

イギリスでは10年に1度国勢調査が実施されるが、2001年と2011年に行われた国勢調査では、どの宗教を信仰しているかを尋ねる設問が追加された。そしてその2度の調査をもとにした報告書「数字で見るイギリス在住イスラム教徒」が、「英国ムスリム評議会(MCB)」によって発表された。イギリスに住むイスラム系住民に関する調査研究としては、これまでで最も広範囲に渡る調査になっている。

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ロンドンのバージェス・パークで、朝の祈りをささげるイスラム教徒の女性と子どもたち

MCBの調査によると、イギリスに住むイスラム教徒の数は、2001年の155万人から、2011年には271万人とほぼ倍増している。とはいえ、全体から見ると、イスラム教徒の割合は20人に1人弱にすぎない(4.8%)。

また、イギリス在住のイスラム教徒の教育水準は10年間で向上したものの、失業率は全体平均より高いことがわかる。イギリス在住イスラム教徒のほぼ半分(46%)が、地方自治体の貧困率下位10%にあたる地域に住んでいる。

高い失業率の理由のひとつに、「これまでにも数々の調査研究で確認されているように、イスラム教徒は労働市場で人種的差別と文化的差別の二重の重荷を背負っている」ことが挙げられている。

刑務所にいる受刑者の中でイスラム教徒が占める割合(13%)と、公営住宅の住民の中でイスラム教徒が占める割合(28%)が高いことも、懸念しなければいけない点だと報告は述べている。

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MCBの報告によると、イギリス在住イスラム教徒の73%が、自らのアイデンティティを「イギリス人」であるとだけ述べ、「イスラム系イギリス人」や「イラク系イギリス人」といったより詳しい表現は用いていないという。

MCBのシュジャ・シャフィ事務局長はハフポストUK版に対し、これはイスラム系イギリス人たちが「自分がイギリス人であることを誇りに思っている」証拠だと説明する。

シャフィ事務局長は、「数字からわかる通り、イギリスに住むイスラム教徒の半数近く(47.2%)がイギリス生まれで、彼らはとても若い世代だ。彼らはイギリスで生まれ、イギリス人と名乗り、自らをイギリス人だと認識している」と述べる。調査によると、就学年齢層のイスラム系の割合は10人に1人(8.1%)で、2014年にイギリスで生まれた男の子の名前で一番多かったのは「ムハンマド」だったとも報道されている

一方で、イギリス国内では、「イスラムフォビア」といわれるイスラムへの嫌悪感が拡大しつつあり、イスラム教についての否定的な報道も目にする。また、「イギリス人らしさを証明」するために、イスラム教徒の女性がかぶるヒジャブにユニオンジャックを飾ったり、戦没者追悼記念日にはポピーをつけたりすべきだ(イギリスでは第1次と第2次大戦の戦没者に追悼の意を表すために、毎年11月11日にポピーの花を胸につける習慣がある)という声も上がっている

今回の調査からは、イスラム教徒の女性の就業率は平均より低く、家庭で家事や家族の世話をしている人が多いことも明らかになっている。仕事につかず家事や家族の世話をする16歳から74歳の女性は、イギリス全体では6%だが、イスラム教徒では18%だ。

また、75%のイスラム教徒はロンドン、ウェストミッドランド州、北西部、ヨークシャー地域ならびに中部東岸のハンバーサイド地域に住んでいる。

調査結果を受け、イギリスのニック・クレッグ副首相は次のように語っている。「自国に貢献することは、イスラム系イギリス人たちにとって間違いなく誇りに思えることです。今回のような調査を、雇用の創出や成長の促進、また人々が共存できる社会を作るために役立て、イギリスの未来のためにより強い経済力とより公平な社会を構築していきたい」

この記事はハフポストUK版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

[日本語版:遠藤康子/ガリレオ]

イギリスのイスラム教徒女性
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