中国の「抗日戦争勝利70周年」軍事パレード 板挟みの韓国、日本は不参加

中国の軍事パレードを巡る東アジアの外交の駆け引きをまとめた。
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People's Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images

1945年の中国の対日戦争勝利から70年を祝う「抗日戦争勝利70周年」の記念行事が、9月3日に北京の天安門広場で開かれる。

中国外交部は8月25日、式典に30カ国の国家元首を含む、49カ国の代表者が軍事パレードに出席すると、記者会見で明らかにした。発表には、ロシアのプーチン大統領や韓国の朴槿恵大統領、北朝鮮の張竜海・朝鮮労働党書記、スーダンのオマル・アルバシール大統領、ベネズエラのマデゥロ大統領が含まれる。一方で、ロシアを除く欧米主要国は、首脳級の派遣を見送った

中華人民共和国が建国された1949年以来、軍事パレードは15回目。これまでは建国50年や60年の節目となる10月1日の国慶節(建国記念日)だったが、今回初めて「抗日戦争勝利」記念として実施される。

中国は習近平主席の「最初から人類文明を救い、世界平和を守ることに対し重大な意義をもち、世界反ファシズム戦争の重要な構成部分だといえる」とする発言を、新華社の特設サイトで紹介しており、中国が第2次世界大戦の連合国勝利に大きな役割を果たしたとの歴史観を、国際社会にアピールする狙いがあるとみられるほか、習近平主席の国内権力掌握を見せつける場でもある。

注目された日本の安倍晋三首相は欠席、韓国の朴槿恵大統領は行事期間中の訪中を決めている。中国の軍事パレードを巡る東アジアの外交の駆け引きをまとめた。

「抗日戦争勝利70周年」リハーサル
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(01 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(02 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(03 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(04 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(05 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(06 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city forming a 70 in the air during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(07 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(08 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(09 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(10 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(11 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(12 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(13 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military helicopters fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(14 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(15 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(16 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(17 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military helicopters fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(18 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military helicopters fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(19 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(20 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(21 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(22 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military helicopters fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
CHINA-WWII-HISTORY(23 of41)
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Military aircraft fly by during a rehearsal ahead of celebrations to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, in Beijing on August 23, 2015. China will hold a huge military parade on September 3, which will mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japanese forces as well as the broader defeat of the Axis powers in World War II. CHINA OUT AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STR via Getty Images)
CHINA-WWII-HISTORY(24 of41)
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A formation of military aircraft is seen during a rehearsal ahead of celebrations to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, in Beijing on August 23, 2015. China will hold a huge military parade on September 3, which will mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japanese forces as well as the broader defeat of the Axis powers in World War II. CHINA OUT AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STR via Getty Images)
CHINA-WWII-HISTORY(25 of41)
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A coulorful jet stream is pictured behind military aircraft as they fly by during a rehearsal ahead of celebrations to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, in Beijing on August 23, 2015. China will hold a huge military parade on September 3, which will mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japanese forces as well as the broader defeat of the Axis powers in World War II. CHINA OUT AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STR via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(26 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military jets fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(27 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military helicopters fly over the city during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
CHINA-WWII-HISTORY(28 of41)
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Chinese military helicopters take part in a rehearsal ahead of a military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, in Beijing on August 23, 2015. China will hold a huge military parade on September 3, which will mark the 70th anniversary of victory over Japanese forces as well as the broader defeat of the Axis powers in World War II. AFP PHOTO / WANG ZHAO (Photo credit should read WANG ZHAO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:WANG ZHAO via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(29 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military officers stand in a line during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
China Rehearses Military Parade In Beijing(30 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 23: (CHINA OUT) Chinese military officers stand in a line during a rehearsal ahead of the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression on August 23, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(31 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(32 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(33 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) A detail of a female soldiers hair style as Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(34 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(35 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(36 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Female soldiers of the Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(37 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(38 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) Female soldiers of Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attend a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Chinese Military Parade Village Opens To Media(39 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 22: (CHINA OUT) A female soldier from the Chinese People\'s Liberation Army attends a training session for the September 3 military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People\'s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at a military base on August 22, 2015 in Beijing, China. (Photo by ChinaFotoPress/ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images) (credit:ChinaFotoPress via Getty Images)
Beijing Prepares For The Military Parade(40 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 14: Workers assemble temporary seating in front of a giant portrait of the late chairman Mao Zedong at Tiananmen Square on August 14, 2015 in Beijing, China. The Chinese government decided in September 3, 2015 to commemorate the Chinese People\'s Anti-Japanese War to carry out and the World Anti-Fascist War 70th anniversary of the victory celebration. (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images) (credit:Lintao Zhang via Getty Images)
Beijing Prepares For The Military Parade(41 of41)
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BEIJING, CHINA - AUGUST 14: Workers assemble temporary seating in front of a giant portrait of the late chairman Mao Zedong at Tiananmen Square on August 14, 2015 in Beijing, China. The Chinese government decided in September 3, 2015 to commemorate the Chinese People\'s Anti-Japanese War to carry out and the World Anti-Fascist War 70th anniversary of the victory celebration. (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images) (credit:Lintao Zhang via Getty Images)

●安倍首相は訪中見送り

安倍晋三首相は8月24日の参院予算委員会で、記念行事の前後を含めた9月初旬の訪中を見送ると明らかにした。アメリカ、ドイツ、欧州連合(EU)が政府代表を派遣するのに対し、日本は政府関係者も一切出席しないなど、中国との距離が際立つこととなった。

中国側は「日本軍国主義は中国人民だけでなく、日本の人民にも深刻な災難をもたらした。今回のパレードはいかなる国に対抗するものでも、憎しみを続けるためでもない」と説明し、安倍首相も招待していた

朝日新聞デジタルによると、首相は早い段階から訪中に前向きな姿勢を示していたという。8月14日の戦後70年談話では「中国に置き去りにされた三千人近い日本人の子どもたちが、無事成長し、再び祖国の土を踏むことができた」など、中国に配慮した表現を含めた。経済界の求める日中関係の改善は、支持率上昇につながるとの読みもあったとみられるが、外務省は東シナ海ガス田開発などで中国が日本の中止要請に応じない中、慎重姿勢を崩さなかったという。

一方で中国は、村山富市・元首相が出席すると発表している

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2013年10月8日、インドネシア・バリ島のAPEC首脳会議に参席した日中韓3カ国の首脳

●アメリカと中国の板挟み、韓国

一方、同じアメリカの同盟国でも、韓国は朴槿恵大統領が訪中を決めた。中国外交部は「朴大統領が軍事パレードにも出席する」と発表したが、韓国外務省は25日夜の時点で「未定」との立場を崩していない。板挟みになって悩む韓国の現在位置がにじみ出る。

背景は、拡大する一方の中国への経済依存度など「大国・中国」を無視できない事情がある。朴大統領はすでに3回、習近平主席と会談するなど首脳同士の関係も良好だ。一方で日本や北朝鮮との関係は行き詰まっており、韓国が開催を目指す日中韓首脳会談を見据え、中国との関係を強めておきたいとの狙いがある。

しかし、アメリカのオバマ政権は「米韓同盟に中国がくさびを打ち込んだとの誤ったメッセージになる」との懸念を伝達し、事実上、出席を見合わせるよう求めていたという。

韓国内でも、歴史をどうとらえるかによって、参加への賛否は明確に分かれる。韓国外交部は「行事の性格、抗日独立闘争の歴史を考え」訪中を決めたとする。第2次大戦前に日本の植民地だった韓国は、上海に独立運動家が「大韓民国臨時政府」を置いた。独立のため中国・韓国が「ともに戦った」とする考えに立てば、参加に積極的になる。

一方で中国は、韓国と北朝鮮が戦った朝鮮戦争(1950~1953)で北朝鮮側について参戦し、韓国軍と交戦した。その中国人民解放軍のパレードに韓国大統領が出席することに、強い拒否感があることも事実だ。

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