9.11遺族がサウジを提訴できる法案成立 あわてた議会はオバマ大統領に責任転嫁

「大統領のせいにするつもりはないが...その…」
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FILE - In tis June 21, 2016, file photo, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Ky., accompanied by, from left, Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo., Sen. John Thune, R-S.D., and Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn of Texas, listen to a question during a news conference on Capitol Hill in Washington. Democrats opened a last-minute push Tuesday, Sept. 27, for new talks on must-do legislation to prevent the government from shutting down this weekend, fight the Zika virus and help flood-ravaged Louisiana rebuild. The aim is to see if Republicans will relent and add money to help Flint, Mich., with its water crisis â and get Capitol Hill off a collision course that could lead to a government shutdown this weekend. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)
ASSOCIATED PRESS

アメリカ議会が、2001年のアメリカ同時多発テロ事件(9.11)の遺族がサウジアラビアなど、テロ事件に関与した外国政府に損害賠償できる、いわゆる「サウジ法案」が成立させてしまい、当の議会関係者が戸惑っている。

テロ支援者制裁法(JASTA)として知られるこの法案は、テロリストグループに関与した疑いのあるサウジアラビアおよびその他の国が、アメリカの裁判所で法的免除を行使することを禁じる内容だ。

アメリカでは、9.11に関わった19人のハイジャック犯のうち、15人がサウジ国籍だったことから、サウジアラビアがテロに資金援助していると疑う見方が根強い。そこで、証明されてはいないが世界貿易センターと国防総省の本庁舎に飛行機で突っ込んだハイジャック犯を支援したとみられるサウジアラビア政府を提訴することを可能にするのがこの法案だ。

アメリカ上院議会は5月に全会一致で、下院も9月9日に発声投票により全会一致で可決している。この法案には、アメリカ大統領選で民主党候補ヒラリー・クリントン氏と候補指名を争ったバーニー・サンダース上院議員も提案者に加わっている。

オバマ大統領は23日、法案への署名を拒否したが、議会は28日、拒否権を覆せる3分の2以上の賛成多数で再可決し、法案を成立させた。

しかし、法案が成立したら、サウジアラビアは何千億ドルというアメリカ資産を売却するなど報復措置を取るとみられ、逆に訴追される可能性もある。

反対派は、サウジ法案は陰謀論者たちに屈服するもので、アメリカが中東で無人偵察爆撃機(ドローン)を使って民間人を殺害した事実に関して、他の国家がアメリカ政府を裁判にかけるリスクを高めると主張する。ホワイトハウスはこの再可決を、ここ数十年「アメリカ合衆国の上院がしてきたことの中で最も恥ずべき行為」だと批判した。

もともとオバマ大統領の拒否権を覆すために動いた28人の政治家ですら、29日に院内総務に書簡を送り、「この法案は修正されるべきなのではないか」と訴えた。

サウジアラビアの報復を恐れた共和党首脳部は9月28日、オバマ大統領に責任を擦り付けるかのような発言を繰り返した。

共和党のミッチ・マコーネル上院院内総務議員は、少なくとも責任の一部はオバマ大統領にあると語った。

「これは、1つの法案が後にどのような影響を引き起こすのかについて、前もって充分話し合わなかった典型的な例に思える。法案が今後与える影響に全員が着目し出した頃には、もう議員らの意見は固まっていたのです」

「それは単なるミスだったといえる」と、マコーネル院内総務は、動揺を隠せない様子でコメントした。「大統領がもし... 全てを彼のせいにするのはいけないことだし、そうするつもりはないが...しかしもし彼が...その...私たちがもっと前にこれについて話し合っていれば良かったかもしれない」

27日、他の政治家たちが懸念を表明する書簡を作成している中、この法案の提案者で共和党院内幹事のジョン・コーニン議員の口調は普段よりも厳しかった。

「驚くべきことは、法案成立までのプロセスにホワイトハウスが関与していなかったことだ」と、コーニン議員は記者たちに語った。「ホワイトハウスはこの法案の審議中、基本的には何もしなかった」

しかし、これには裏があった。

サウジ法案への批判が世界中で沸き上がり始める前、共和党は、「自分たちにはあまり関心のない法案にオバマ大統領は時間を割き過ぎている」と非難していた。コーニン議員などは、「オバマ大統領の行動に怒りを感じている」と、大統領がサウジアラビア政府と面会する直前に上院の議場で演説していた。

「悲しいことに、政府はあらゆる部分においてこの法案審議を邪魔してきた」と、コーニン議員は語った

「オバマ大統領がリヤド(サウジアラビアの首都)を訪問する前に、オバマ政見はあらゆる手を使ってこの法案の審議が進むことを妨げようとしていたかのようだ」と彼は語った。「大統領とその側近たちが、時間と労力を私たち議会にも費やしてくれたらどんなに良いかと思う。彼らは私たちと反対に、テロの被害者たちが手にするべき正義を阻んでいる」

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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9/11はこんな1日だった
7:59 a.m.(01 of15)
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The four airplanes that were hijacked on 9/11 began taking off at 7:59 a.m.\n\nThe first to depart was American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767 that left Boston\'s Logan International Airport for Los Angles with 92 people on board.\n\nAt 8:14 a.m., United Airlines Flight 175 -- a Boeing 767 with 65 passengers on board -- also left Logan for Los Angeles.\n\nAmerican Airlines Flight 77 left Washington Dulles International Airport at 8:20 a.m. The plane, a Boeing 757 with 64 people on board, was bound for Los Angeles.\n\nFinally, at 8:42 a.m., United Airlines Flight 93 departed from Newark International Airport. The Boeing 757, which had 44 passengers that morning, was bound for San Francisco. (credit:Getty)
8:46 a.m.(02 of15)
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The first crash occurred at 8:46 a.m. when Flight 11 hit the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center.\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Commission Report, two flight attendants contacted American Airlines as the plane was being hijacked to provide details of the emergency. They reported the use of Mace or a similar spray, several stabbings and a bomb threat.\n\nThe last known communication from the plane came when flight attendant Madeline \"Amy\" Sweeney, on the phone with American Flight Services manager Michael Woodward, said, \"Oh my God we are way too low.\" (credit:Getty)
9:03 a.m.(03 of15)
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The second crash happened at 9:03 a.m., when Flight 175 hit the south tower of the World Trade Center.\n\nThe last communication made with air traffic control was made at 8:42 a.m., but passengers were able to provide details of the flight by contacting their families by phone.\n\nBrian Sweeney called his wife, Julie, to tell her the plane had been hijacked, and Peter Hansen told his father, Lee, \"I think they intend to go to Chicago or someplace and fly into a building.\" (credit:AP)
9:05 a.m.(04 of15)
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President George W. Bush learned of the attacks at 9:05 a.m. while sitting in a second grade classroom at an elementary school in Sarasota, Florida. White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card informed him of the attacks, whispering into his ear during the students\' reading lesson.\n\nBush recently shared his memories of that day with National Geographic. When he received news of the first plane crash at 8:50 a.m. -- just before entering the classroom -- he thought it was \"a light aircraft, and my reaction was, man, the weather was bad or something extraordinary happened to the pilot.\"\n\nIt wasn\'t until Card informed him of the second plane that Bush knew America was under attack. (credit:AP)
9:31 a.m.(05 of15)
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In an address from Emma Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, President Bush called the attacks \"a national tragedy\" and \"an apparent terrorist attack on our country.\"\n\n\"I have spoken to the vice president, to the governor of New York, to the director of the FBI, and have ordered that the full resources of the federal government go to help the victims and their families, and to conduct a full-scale investigation to hunt down and to find those folks who committed this act,\" Bush said.\n\n\"Terrorism against our nation will not stand.\" (credit:AP)
9:36 a.m.(06 of15)
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At 9:36 a.m., Secret Service agents evacuated Vice President Dick Cheney and his aides from his office to the Presidential Emergency Operations Center, a Cold War-era bunker beneath the White House. (credit:AP)
9:37 a.m.(07 of15)
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Flight 77 crashed into Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report tells how passenger Barbara Olson called her husband Ted -- the solicitor general of the United States -- to inform him of the attacks. She reported that the flight had been taken over and that the aircraft was \"flying low over houses.\"\n\nA few minutes later, air traffic controllers at Dulles International Airport observed plane on their radar traveling at \"a high rate of speed.\" Officials from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport warned the Secret Service of the aircraft shortly before Flight 77 hit the Pentagon. (credit:AP)
9:45 a.m.(08 of15)
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At 9:45 a.m. -- minutes after Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon -- the White House and U.S. Capitol were evacuated. (credit:Getty)
9:59 a.m.(09 of15)
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After burning for 56 minutes, the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed at 9:59 a.m. The fall, which killed approximately 600 workers and first responders, lasted 10 seconds. (credit:Getty)
10:03 a.m.(10 of15)
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The fourth hijacked plane crashed at 10:03 a.m. in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.\n\nThe 9/11 Commission Report says several passengers made calls from the plane and received word of the other hijackings. Upon hearing the news that major cities were being targeted, the passengers decided to revolt:\n\n
Five calls described the intent of passengers and surviving crew members to revolt against the hijackers. According to one call, they voted on whether to rush the terrorists in an attempt to retake the plane. They decided, and acted.

At 9:57, the passenger assault began. Several passengers had terminated phone calls with loved ones in order to join the revolt. One of the callers ended her message as follows:\"Everyone\'s running up to first class. I\'ve got to go. Bye.\"
\n\nAccording to the 9/11 Memorial, the hijackers deliberately crashed in a field to prevent passengers from retaking the airplane. The crash site in Shanksville is approximately 20 minutes flying time from Washington, D.C.
(credit:AP)
10:28 a.m.(11 of15)
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At 10:28 a.m., after burning for 102 minutes, the north tower of New York\'s World Trade Center collapsed, killing approximately 1,400 people. (credit:Getty)
11:02 a.m.(12 of15)
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New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani ordered an evacuation of lower Manhattan at 11:02 a.m., alerting everyone south of Canal Street to get out. (credit:AP)
1:04 p.m.(13 of15)
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At 1:04 p.m., after all American air space had been cleared, President Bush addressed the nation from Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, informing citizens that the U.S. military \"at home and around the world is on high alert status.\"\n\n\"Make no mistake, the United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts,\" Bush said. (credit:AP)
5:20 p.m.(14 of15)
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Hours after the attacks that morning, the 47-story 7 World Trade Center building collapsed from ancillary damage. No one was in the building at the time. (credit:Getty)
8:30 p.m.(15 of15)
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President Bush gave his final address of the day from the White House at 8:30 p.m.\n\nFrom the Oval Office, the president informed Americans that he had implemented federal emergency response plans, noting emergency teams and the military were already at work:\n\n
Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.

The victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. Moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.

Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.

The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger.

These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation.

(スライドショーが見られない方はこちらへ)

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