イルカ安住の地は? 和歌山・太地町「追い込み漁」で捕獲され、韓国からトルコへ売られる5匹の運命

韓国では、追い込み漁で捕獲したイルカを、水族館業者がトルコに転売する計画が問題視されている。
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한겨레

イルカやクジラを狭い湾内に追い込んで捕獲する和歌山県太地町の「追い込み漁」が国際的非難を浴びた。世界動物園水族館協会(WAZA)が漁法を問題視したため、日本動物園水族館協会(JAZA)も2015年5月、「追い込み漁で捕獲したイルカの入手禁止」を決めた

一方で追い込み漁で捕獲したイルカは、海外にも輸出されている。共同通信の報道では、最近5年間で中国に216頭、ウクライナ36頭、韓国35頭など、12カ国に輸出されていた。

韓国では、追い込み漁で捕獲したイルカを、水族館業者がトルコに転売する計画が問題視されている。ハフポスト韓国版に掲載された韓国紙ハンギョレの記事を紹介する。

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ハンドウイルカのセティ(オス・4〜5歳)、オクト(メス・4〜5歳)、ノヴァ(メス・4〜5歳)、チェンバ(メス・4〜5歳)、サマー(メス・5〜6歳)は、2013年に太平洋の海を泳いでいた。そんなある日、サマーが1月に漁師に捕まり、5月に韓国に売られてきた。残りの4匹も2013年9月に捕獲され、7カ月後の2014年4月に韓国に送られた。捕獲された場所は、一部の住民が自治体の許可を受け、1年に2000匹近いイルカを殺したり、生け捕りにしたりして国際的な非難を受けている和歌山県太地町だ。

イルカは慶尚南道・巨済(コジェ)の水族館に集められた。2014年4月にオープンした株式会社巨済シーワールドには、ハンドウイルカ11頭とシロイルカ4匹を含む、計20匹のイルカがいた。業者は「イルカと泳ごう」「イルカとキス・ハグ」などの体験商品を販売してきた。サマーの背中に乗った飼育係は、サーフィンをするようにプールの水を切った。ほかの4匹も観光客の前で愛嬌を振りまき、慣れない観客の手に体を預けた。

最近、この業者は経営難を理由にサマーら5匹のハンドウイルカを、トルコの有名な観光地アンタルヤの水族館に「投資」目的で送ることを決めた。韓国の洛東江流域環境庁は10月29日、業者がイルカをトルコに輸出することを許可した。韓国に来て1年半から2年5カ月で、再び地中海の沿岸に旅立つのだ。業者は、イルカたちの長旅を11月末から12月初旬ごろに調整している。

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国際的な絶滅危惧種のハンドウイルカは、世界のイルカショーに最もよく利用される種類でもある。商取引は可能と言えば可能だが、動物虐待への視線が厳しい欧州連合(EU)など外国の水族館は、野生のものを捕獲したイルカではなく、水族館で飼育・増殖した個体を取引する方針に転換している。

韓国政府の環境部は、トルコへの再輸出を防ぐ法的根拠がないという。NGO「動物の自由連帯」とチャン・ハナ国会議員(新政治民主連合)が入手した業者の輸出申請書類には、トルコの水族館の所有者、取引金額、水槽の写真などが含まれている。輸出の可否を検討した韓国国立生物資源館は「イルカが放出されても、トルコの生態系に影響は与えない」と許可した。国立生物資源館の関係者は「日本から持ち込まれたとき、再輸出するとは知らなかった。現時点では、動物園や水族館の個体の輸出入に関する具体的な法的基準がない」と述べた。巨済シーワールドの担当者、ケ・ソンジュ氏は「予想に反して収益が出なかった。あくまでビジネスレベルの決定だ」と話した。

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動物愛護団体は、韓国政府の再輸出承認を批判している。水族館のイルカとはいえ、どれだけの期間を水槽で暮らせば野生でないと見なせるのか、判断基準がないのも問題だ。チョ・ヒギョン動物自由連帯代表は「環境部は書類だけ見て判を押す。この状態では、野生のイルカをしばらく国内の水族館に飼育してから外国に売る業者の『イルカロンダリング』を監視できないだろう」と述べた。

この記事はハフポスト韓国版に掲載されたものを翻訳しました。

太地町のイルカ漁に反対する人々
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(01 of13)
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Protected by police officers demonstrators display placards during a protest march against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES-JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(02 of13)
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Filipino activists hold slogan-placards \'stop the kill\' during a protest at the Japanese embassy against the controversial six-month dolphin hunting, as it kicks-off September 1 in Taiji Japan, in Manila on September 1, 2014. The controversial six-month dolphin hunting season began on September 1 in the infamous town of Taiji, but bad weather would delay any killing, a local official said. The annual catch, in which people from the southwestern town corral hundreds of dolphins into a secluded bay and butcher them, was thrust into the global spotlight in 2010 when it became the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary \'The Cove\'. AFP PHOTO/TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TED ALJIBE via Getty Images)
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(03 of13)
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A placard reading \'Stop! Dolphin hunt\' is displayed during a protest against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(04 of13)
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Demonstrators display a banner during a protest march against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(05 of13)
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Protected by police officers demonstrators display a banner during a protest march against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(06 of13)
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Demonstrators display placards during a protest march against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL-DOLPHIN(07 of13)
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Protected by police officers demonstrators display a banner during a protest march against an annual dolphin hunt in Taiji, in central Tokyo on August 31, 2014. Almost 30 protesters staged the demonstration to protest against the annual dolphin hunt which starts on September 1 in Taiji. AFP PHOTO / TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA (Photo credit should read TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TOSHIFUMI KITAMURA via Getty Images)
AUSTRALIA-JAPAN-ANIMAL-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(08 of13)
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Protesters hold banners to create awareness for Japan Dolphin Day in Sydney on August 30, 2014. The international day of awareness \'Japan Dolphin Day\' marks the beginning of the dolphin drive hunting season in Taiji, Japan with nearly 80 events and demonstrations at consulates and other venues planned all over the world on or around September 1. AFP PHOTO/Peter PARKS (Photo credit should read PETER PARKS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER PARKS via Getty Images)
AUSTRALIA-JAPAN-ANIMAL-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(09 of13)
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Protesters hold banners to create awareness for Japan Dolphin Day in Sydney on August 30, 2014. The international day of awareness \'Japan Dolphin Day\' marks the beginning of the dolphin drive hunting season in Taiji, Japan with nearly 80 events and demonstrations at consulates and other venues planned all over the world on or around September 1. AFP PHOTO/Peter PARKS (Photo credit should read PETER PARKS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER PARKS via Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES-JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(10 of13)
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A Filipino activist holds a glass decorated with dolphins during a protest at the Japanese embassy against the controversial six-month dolphin hunting, as it kicks-off September 1 in Taiji Japan, in Manila on September 1, 2014. The controversial six-month dolphin hunting season began on September 1 in the infamous town of Taiji, but bad weather would delay any killing, a local official said. The annual catch, in which people from the southwestern town corral hundreds of dolphins into a secluded bay and butcher them, was thrust into the global spotlight in 2010 when it became the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary \'The Cove\'. AFP PHOTO/TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TED ALJIBE via Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES-JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(11 of13)
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A Filipino activist performs a street play during a protest at the Japanese embassy against the controversial six-month dolphin hunting, as it kicks-off September 1 in Taiji Japan, in Manila on September 1, 2014. The controversial six-month dolphin hunting season began on September 1 in the infamous town of Taiji, but bad weather would delay any killing, a local official said. The annual catch, in which people from the southwestern town corral hundreds of dolphins into a secluded bay and butcher them, was thrust into the global spotlight in 2010 when it became the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary \'The Cove\'. AFP PHOTO/TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TED ALJIBE via Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES-JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(12 of13)
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Filipino activists hold slogan-placards \'stop the kill\' during a protest at the Japanese embassy against the controversial six-month dolphin hunting, as it kicks-off September 1 in Taiji Japan, in Manila on September 1, 2014. The controversial six-month dolphin hunting season began on September 1 in the infamous town of Taiji, but bad weather would delay any killing, a local official said. The annual catch, in which people from the southwestern town corral hundreds of dolphins into a secluded bay and butcher them, was thrust into the global spotlight in 2010 when it became the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary \'The Cove\'. AFP PHOTO/TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TED ALJIBE via Getty Images)
PHILIPPINES-JAPAN-ENVIRONMENT-CONSERVATION-DOLPHIN(13 of13)
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Filipino activists hold slogan-placards \'stop the kill\' during a protest at the Japanese embassy against the controversial six-month dolphin hunting, as it kicks-off September 1 in Taiji Japan, in Manila on September 1, 2014. The controversial six-month dolphin hunting season began on September 1 in the infamous town of Taiji, but bad weather would delay any killing, a local official said. The annual catch, in which people from the southwestern town corral hundreds of dolphins into a secluded bay and butcher them, was thrust into the global spotlight in 2010 when it became the subject of the Oscar-winning documentary \'The Cove\'. AFP PHOTO/TED ALJIBE (Photo credit should read TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TED ALJIBE via Getty Images)